Mbiri ya nsapato kuyambira kale mpaka pano

Mbiri ya nsapato pafupifupi 30 zaka chikwi. Panthawi imeneyi, kanasinthika masitaelo ambiri ndi zitsanzo, koma ikhala kwambiri zofunika ndi zofunika nkhani ya zovala.

Nsapato Kale

Pomaliza asayansi amene aphunzira ndi kusanthula tinapeza zotsalira za anthu wosazindikira, dongosolo la mafupa awo ndi mafupa mwendo, zitsanzo loyamba la nsapato wamkulu anaonekera mu mochedwa Paleolithic ku dera la kumadzulo kwa Ulaya. Zinali nthawi imeneyi anayamba kusintha kapangidwe ka phazi la anthu akale: chala chaching'ono anayamba kuchepa ndi mawonekedwe onse a mwendo, umene unali chifukwa kuvala nsapato zothina.

Mbiri ya nsapato zomwe zinachitika mu nthawi ino, ndipo zimenezi woyamba chithunzithunzi ozizira akuluakulu akale kudziteteza ku ozizira, anthu anayamba kuvala zikopa za nyama, ndi miyendo kumulowetsa zidutswa za khungu. Pakuti kutchinjiriza wosanjikiza aikidwa pakati pa khungu ndi wouma therere ntchito ngati anchorages bast ku mtengo makungwa.

Nkhani ya nsapato m'mayiko motentha, monga Ancient Egypt, amagwirizana ndi zikamera wa nsapato zimene anthu ankavala kuteteza mapazi ku mchenga wotentha, ndi chipinda nthawi zonse opanda nsapato. Nsapato sewn ku amtunduwu kapena masamba a kanjedza, womangidwa kwa phazi ndi zomangira zikopa. Mu kupanga ntchito zawo zosiyanasiyana kuti anali chimodzimodzi kwa miyendo. Opeza Aiguputo ankavala nsapato ndi zomangira chokongoletsedwa. mtundu wina wa otchuka mu nsapato wakale Egypt opezeka pa ntchito yomanga ndi midzi, ndi ofanana kwambiri slippers zamakono ndi chatsekedwa chala.

Nsapato ku Greece

Unkawoneka ngati nsapato ku Greece akhoza adzaweruzidwa ndi murals a milungu Greek: iwo anali nsapato "krepidy", umene Ufumuyo lacing mwendo pafupifupi bondo. Malinga ndi mbiri yakale, iyo inali nthawi yoyamba Agiriki anayamba kusoka nsapato kwa dongosolo symmetrical lamanja ndi miyendo kumanzere.

Kuwonjezera nsapato, akazi Greek anali wotchuka "endromidy" - nsapato mkulu ndi chokha ndipo sewn kwa chikopa uppers iye overtighten yaitali zingwe kutsogolo, ndi zala peeking kunja. mafashoni mafasho anali Thais, amene anali kwambiri kudzikondweretsa ndi kochulukira chokongoletsedwa nsapato. nsapato akazi, amene anatsala lolembedwa mchenga "Nditsatireni" anali otchuka pa courtesans, komanso anali wotchuka kwambiri "persikai" (nsapato, masitonkeni).

mtundu wina wa nsapato - "buskins" pa nsanja mkulu - n'ngodziwika chifukwa cha wosewera Greek amene ankavala izo pa zisudzo, kuti aonekere mu anthu.

Nsapato ku Rome

Ancient Nsapato Roma nawo pa chuma chawo ndi kugonana:

• calceus - anatseka nsapato ndi zingwe kutsogolo ankavala plebeians yekha;
• solea - nsapato ndi zomangira, ofanana Greek, Aroma osauka ndikanakhoza kokha ntchito lamba wina, ndi patricians wolemera - 4;
• akazi ankavala nsapato yekha woyera, amuna - wakuda;
• nsapato chikondwerero anali wofiira, molemera chokongoletsedwa ndi nsalu ndi miyala;
• nsapato asilikali asilikali achiroma ankavala, - nsapato amphamvu, amene zidendene anali kumukhomerera otchedwa caligae;
• zisudzo akhoza kuvala slippers yekha pa musagulenso socci.

A zosiyanasiyana Israel wotchuka wakale, kumene nsapato anali sewn kwambiri quality, pogwiritsa ntchito ubweya, zikopa, mitengo ndi ndodo. Amenewa anali nsapato ndi nsapato, slippers ndi nsapato. Pansi panali drevneizrailskoy ndi nsapato ndi zidendene mkulu zitsanzo yekha amene Ufumuyo chidendene mabotolo wokongola wa mafuta.

nsapato Msukuti

Mbiri ya nsapato anthu Msukuti amene anali makolo a Asilavo kum'mawa, limasonyeza kuti anthu otchuka pakati anakhala mkulu zofewa chikopa nsapato kuti overtighten malamba ngati zokongoletsera ntchito zokometsera osiyanasiyana, zopangidwa nsanza. Iwo ankavala nsapato pamwamba pa mwake kuwonjezera. Nsonga za nsapato anali sewn zithunzi za zidutswa za ubweya, akuda mwake ndi lamba. Mathalauza tucked mu nsapato makamaka akuonetsa kukongola ndi nsapato.

Nsapato anthu Asikuti anali ofanana mu maonekedwe ndi nsapato zakutha ndi anthu akumpoto Russia. nsapato akazi sanali mkulu, koma chikopa chofiira, iwo chokongoletsedwa ndi moyo, pamphambano ya mutu ndi kutsinde sewn wofiira mapeyala gulu ndi chikopa appliqué.

Mbali yoyambirira ya nsapato Msukuti - kukongoletsa zidendene za nsapato, nsalu ndi mikanda, akuda ulusi tendon lapansi. A azimuth ofanana analipo chokongoletsera chokhacho anthu Asian steppe amene anali ndi chizolowezi atakhala ndi miyendo anawoloka, atagwira chidendene kunja.

Nsapato ku Ulaya

mbiri nsapato European kwadziwika ndi mawonekedwe a Zapakati pa tufli- "CRAKOW" ndi mphuno upturned kuti inali yaitali ndi ochuluka chokongoletsedwa ndi mabelu kuti iwo akhale atamangidwa ku mwendo, kuti athe kuyenda bwinobwino. nsapato woteroyo m'ma 14, oimira mabanja wolemekezeka ankafunika kuvala ndi lamulo la Mfumu ya France Philip 4.

m'ma 15 anabweretsa mafashoni latsopano la nsapato: shoemakers anayamba kusoka okha yosamveka lachitsanzo, ndi patsogolo ndi kuwonjezeka kwa uta, kumbuyo wakhala yopapatiza. Kale m'zaka za m'ma 16. nsapato kukhala womangidwa miyendo pa mlingo wa kuchira. Pa nthawi iyi pali zidendene mkulu, nakonza ndi chikopa, komanso chifukwa cha kusaka chilakolako, mu nsapato mafashoni ndi nsonga kwambiri - "nsapato" kuti anali omasuka pamene atakwera hatchi.

Fashion nsapato m'zaka za m'ma 16 anali mwamuna: ndi amuna amene akhoza moonetsera latsopano nsapato wofiira ndi zidendene, ndi akazi anabisa nsapato zawo pansi masiketi fluffy, ndipo atawaloza ndi mfuti.

Ndi kokha kuyambira chiyambi cha m'ma 17., Itafika yapamwamba wamfupi masiketi, akazi atha kusonyeza mafani wake wachisomo silika, tonyamulira ndi nsapato veleveti ndi zidendene yaing'ono. madona wolemera nsapato, molemera nsalu okongoletsedwa ndi miyala.

Baroque ndi Rococo amalembedwa ndi maluwa nsapato zapamwamba ndinkakonda, molemera chokongoletsedwa ndi mauta, mikanda, maliboni. The zitsanzo zinalengedwa nsalu zamtengo wapatali ndi zikopa za mitundu yosiyanasiyana (wofiira, wachikasu, buluu, etc.). Azikongoletsa jackboot anthu komanso mayiko okwera iwo anawonjezera paphiri.

M'zaka za m'ma 18 mochedwa, Chenicheni zinachitika nsalu nsapato zambiri zothandiza nsapato chikopa amene amavala ndi zosangalatsa, amuna ndi akazi. nsapato omasuka anali buckles kapena zingwe, ndi chidendene ang'onoang'ono, galasi, chokongoletsedwa ndi zitsanzo ubweya yozizira.

nsapato matabwa

Kale, matabwa monga mfundo kupanga nsapato ntchito kawirikawiri chifukwa n'ngotukwana ndithu ndi msampha. Yekha ndi kupanga zidendene kwa nsapato, imene Roma linamangidwa zidutswa mwendo wa nsalu atavala akaidi miyendo, kotero iwo sadzapulumuka.

Mu Ulaya m'zaka 16-18 otchuka matabwa "kuononga" (kapena amaononga) ndi zidendene wandiweyani, amene yomatidwa chitsulo hoop mwendo. akazi olemera ankavala iwo, kuti kupeza zauve matope a mumsewu. Wamba osauka mpikisanowo anali overshoes ndi pansi matabwa ndi zikopa chapamwamba, chimene chinali yabwino ku mapiri.

Mankhwala ambiri kuononga ndi galoshes anagula mu Netherlands ndi kumpoto France chifukwa cha mphamvu ndi zogwiritsa ntchito mu nsapato mukhoza kuyenda pamodzi madera madambo aakulu popanda chiopsezo mapazi yonyowa. Yopangidwa kuchokera ku matabwa ake, zomwe si osokoneza :. popula, msondodzi, etc. Mu 1570 ndi munalidi gulu la shoemakers, okhazikika mu kupanga kuononga analengedwa, ndi nsapato matabwa akadali amavala alimi Dutch pa ntchito kumunda.

nsapato matabwa ndipo anadzakhala otchuka mu England, komwe anali ankavala wamba monga nsapato wamba, amene pa maholide m'malo nsapato chikopa.

Nsapato asilikali

asilikali achiroma anayamba ntchito nsapato ngati nsapato chifukwa chakuti iwo anali kuyenda maulendo ataliatali pa mtunda akhakula. nsapato asilikali anali anatsindika zomangira, misomali. Kenako anayamba ntchito nsapato kuti mukulumikiza pamodzi pamwamba pa tibia, ndi zinthu zokongoletsera zingadziŵike kalasi ndi udindo wa msilikali.

Kuyambira kale, asilikali ankavala nsapato, nthawi zambiri wofiira, chifukwa iwo sanawone magazi pa nkhondo kapena matuza wamagazi pambuyo thupi. Kenako, ndi mawu oyamba yunifomu nsapato asilikali anayamba kutulutsa wakuda. Ku Ulaya, nsapato unakhala wotchuka pambuyo nkhondo ya makamu a steppe mu nthawi ya kusamuka kwa anthu, iwo anayamba kunyamula osati apakavalo, koma ziŵeto.

Mu Middle Ages, pamene Ankhondo zovala inkakhala zitsulo zida, anapanga zitsulo ndi masokosi knightly nsapato (sabatons). Pachimake chala mbale pa chotero jombo anatumikira monga chida chinanso msilikali: iwo koopsa kugunda mdani. Sabatons anayamba kupanga chala chonse, iwo anali kutchedwa "mapazi bakha".

M'zaka za m'ma 19, asilikali a ku Britain anayamba kusoka kwa asilikali awo nsapato mkulu ndi lacing, dzina "blyuhersami". Malinga ndi nthano, jombo izi ankavala asilikali a Army Blucher pa Napoleonic Nkhondo. Zinakhala ngati nsapato asilikali kwa zaka zambiri.

M'zaka za m'ma 20. nthawi ya nkhondo yachiwiri World European zida Makamu "nsapato ngalande" pa yekha mwamphamvu anapanga chikopa wandiweyani. Kuyambira 1941, Army US amagwiritsa nsapato chikopa ndi zingwe pa yekha kupanga.

Nsapato ku Russia

Mbiri ya nsapato mu Lazaro wakale 'akuyamba ndi alimi ambiri, ankavala osati kokha, komanso osauka a m'tawuni - nsapato chake. nsapato amenewa wakhalapo yekha mu Russia, mfundo kupanga ake anatumikira makungwa birch (linden, msondodzi, thundu, etc.). Pakuti peyala imodzi ya nsapato bast anayenera amavula mtengo 3-4.

Pali bast bast tsiku ndi tsiku ndi chikondwerero kwambiri kaso: pinki kapena wofiira. Pakuti matenthedwe kutchinjiriza m'nyengo yozizira nsapato Mwala udzu ndi pansi onsewa akuzungulirani chingwe zopangidwa hemp. Ndi miyendo yawo ananamizira Equi (yopapatiza zomangira zikopa) kapena mochentsami (hemp zingwe). awiri Mmodzi wa wamba bast zokwanira kwa masiku 4-10, koma iwo anali wotsika mtengo.

The wamkulu nsapato Chirasha chikopa - pistons, nsapato zofewa wa chidutswa lonse chikopa ndi anasonkhana m'mphepete pa lamba wa. Ambiri a ku Russia pa nthawi, ife anapeza nsapato, amene ankasoka chimodzimodzi kwa amuna ndi akazi. Chikopa nsapato anaonekera mu Russia chifukwa incursions wa mafuko Asian woyendayendawu. Iwo anali opangidwa ndi chikopa ndi shoemaking ambuye amene paokha anakonza rawhide. Zidendene zinali za zigawo zingapo za chikopa cha ng'ombe kwa iwo, pa nthawi, anayamba kupanga zidendene.

Kumwendo nsapato wakale odulidwa obliquely kuti gawo kutsogolo anali kuposa kumbuyo. Iwo amakhalabe chikopa wakuda ndi maholide Morocco nsapato zinalengedwa wofiira, wobiriwira, buluu khungu, kudetsa ndi kuvala. jombo izi anapangidwa Russia, woyamba wa zinthu kunja, ndiyeno kuchokera pakati pa zaka za m'ma 17., Morocco zitsulo kupanga zomera Moscow Tsar Alexei Mikhailovich.

Morocco nsapato zinali za chikopa wa mbuzi, amene mwapadera akhathamiritsa kwa masabata 2 mu mtondo ndi ndiye mosamala wopukutidwa mwala kuti pamwamba chonyezimira. Papezeka utoto aniline zambiri khungu zina anapereka chitsanzo chapadera (sharkskin).

M'zaka 19. panali nzika Russian mwake nsapato: nsapato ndi ndodo, amene anapanga wa nkhosa. mtengo mkulu chifukwa zovuta kupanga, kawirikawiri m'banja anali ndi peyala imodzi ya nsapato, amene avala nayenso.

M'zaka za m'ma 20. cobblers Russia anali dzina "pamwamba" chifukwa chakuti ntchito mu dela la mzinda (masitolo nsapato inali mu Marina Roshcha), ndipo ntchito ngati nkhandwe yekhayo.

19-20 zaka zikamera wa makampani nsapato

Woyamba munalidi gulu ndi nsapato masitolo anaonekera mu Europe m'nyengo ya feudalism, koma kenako anayamba nsapato ndi magulu ka malamulo. Patsogolo ntchito zawo kunja khalidwe ndi maonekedwe a mankhwala.

Mu Kubadwa Kwatsopano, anamukwiyira zochokera manufactory, pamene nsapato ayamba kuchita mu masiteji, koma Mugulu akadali ikugwiridwa ndi kuti payekha. Izo zinali kokha m'zaka 19. m'malo nsapato veleveti kubwera bwino ndi omasuka nsapato chikopa ndi nsapato.

Mu zaka izi, kuŵeta nsapato ikuyamba ndi kasinthidwe phazi, ndi kulekanitsa awiri asymmetry ku lamanzere-kulondola. Nsapato makampani likupitirirabe makina, pali nsapato fakitale kumene ntchito yamanja m'malo ndi makina. Pofika kumayambiriro kwa m'ma 20. kupanga mankhwala nsapato limakula kuti awiriawiri 500 aliyense wogwira ntchito, ndi mwa mwezi wa - kuti awiriawiri 3 zikwi ..

M'zaka za m'ma 20 nsapato anayamba mbali yofunika kwambiri mu chilengedwe cha chifaniziro mkazi; chifukwa cha kufupikitsa masiketi akazi anatha kusonyeza miyendo yawo okongola ndi nsapato kaso kapena nsapato, kachiwiri otchuka wamkazi nsapato. Malinga nyengo ndi kopita nsapato anapanga zikopa, bafuta, suwedi kapena silika, ndi nsapato taphunzira chiyani si zingwe, komanso ndi ntchito mbedza ndi mabatani.

Mu 1930 mafashoni nsapato anayamba kusintha pali nsanja ndi wedgies. Panthawi imeneyi, kuyambira okonza S. Ferragamo S. ndi Aripadi, omwe anakhala mwaukadaulo chinkhoswe mu kupanga zitsanzo patsogolo ndipo anabwera ndi masitayilo atsopano. M'kupita kwa nthawi, nsapato ndi nsapato ndi kuyamba kupanga osati khungu, komanso ntchito nsalu ndi matabwa, labala kupanga "Bot".

Kuyambira 1950 amalembedwa maonekedwe atsopano zinthu - (. Rock ndipo Pereka neri Al) yaing'ono chitende hairpin ndi masitaelo popanda zidendene anafuna kuti mayiko pa kuvina. Ndimakumbukirabe sindileka mtsutso kuti ndani anali kholo la zikhomo: French Robert Vivier, R. Massaro kapena Chitaliyana
S. Ferragamo.

Shoe fakitale chachiwiri theka la zana la 20 akhala akugwira ntchito ndi mphamvu zosaneneka, kumene ndondomeko ndi makina kwathunthu m'manja mwa mapulogalamu. Iwo amapanga zikwi awiriawiri nsapato mafashoni mwezi uliwonse, ndiye, onse zipangizo zachilengedwe ndi kupanga.

Fashion nsapato m'zaka 21

m'ma 21 - nthawi yopitirira kusintha nsapato (zonse anatulukira ndi chopangidwa ziyangoyango latsopano, masitaelo, ndi insoles), komanso kusintha kwa mitundu ya zogulitsa ake. Nsapato tsopano zikhoza kugulidwa monga zapamwamba ang'onoang'ono, sitolo zazikulu, ndi pa Intaneti.

A mndandanda wa zitsanzo atsopano awa akuimira pa olankhulira nthawi iliyonse ambiri m'mayiko ndi mlengi odziwika bwino, pamene pali chilimwe ndi chisanu, ndi Demi ndi nsapato madzulo. nsapato Modern - izi zosiyanasiyana masitaelo ndi zitsanzo, zimene zakhala otchuka ndipo ambiri zaka zapitazo, ndipo anaonekera posachedwapa: nsapato zake, ndi nsapato, nsapato, loafers, amaononga, nsapato, nsapato ndi zina zambiri mitundu yosiyanasiyana. okonza Modern ndi opanga zili ndi luso lamakono, mosavuta kumasulira malingaliro awo mu chowonadi.