Mehmed Wachinayi: chakhumi ndi chisanu ndi chinayi kwa Sultan wa Ottoman

Mehmed Wachinayi anali mfumu yakumeneko chakhumi ndi chisanu ndi chinayi wa za mafumu a Ottoman. Mwalamulo, analamulira zaka sate-naini. Iye ankaona wolamulira otsiriza, imene boma ndi owononga mu Europe. Turkey asilikali unyolo kulephera mu yokopa limene lachititsa napasula wolamulira Kalanga.

makolo

Mehmed IV wa, mbiri ya zomwe chikugwirizana ndi zochitika mu Europe, anali mwana wa Ibrahim Choyamba. Atate anakhala Sultan chifukwa cha zimene anali womaliza nthumwi moyo wa mtundu wake. Kuyambira ndili mwana, iye openga ndipo anali m'ndende. Kupulumutsidwa ku imfa napita mphamvu zake Kösem Sultan, amene adza kwa mayi ake.

Mphamvu yeniyeni ya Ufumu a Kesemen ndi vizier. Ndipo Ibrahim kusamalira kwambiri za harem zawo. Mehmet anali mwana wake woyamba, koma bambo ake sanali anamva kuti mnyamata maganizo wapadera. Umboni wa zimenezi ndi choncho, pamene Sultan mu nawo mkwiyo n'kulanda mayi wamng'ono Mehmed ndi kuuponya mu dziwe. Mnyamata mu nthawi kuchokera mmadzi, koma kugwa, iye anadula pamphumi. The chilonda pamphumi mpaka imfa yake. Sultan anathamangitsidwa mphamvu 1648, mokakamiza antchito mokomera mwana wake, ndipo mu chaka chomwecho anaphedwa ndi strangulation.

Sultan anali mayi wa chakhumi ndi chisanu ndi chinayi Hatice Turhan. Akukhulupirira kuti anabwera kuchokera m'mayiko Asilavo (m'dera la Ukraine amakono). Pamaso adani Turkey mu zaka khumi dzina lake Nadia. Mdzakazi wa mfumu ina iye anayamba pa zaka khumi ndi zisanu. Kwa nthawi yaitali zinali Walid-regent mwana wake akaziwo anali ana aang'ono. Kwa mutu uno anapita kupikisana ndi Kösem Sultan.

ulamuliro wa

Mehmed IV Ahmed oglu anabadwa wachiwiri January 1642. zaka zisanu ndi chimodzi kenako anakhala mfumu. Onyamata wake Anali wodzaza ndi zokhota, amene anatambasulira mayi ake ndi agogo ake. Pakuti Sultan mwamphamvu munakhala dzina lakuti Avci, limatanthauza Turkey "mlenje". Ankawakonda chizolowezi wolamulirayo.

Pa pafupifupi zinayi wake makumi pa mpando wachifumu, kupeza Mehmed Wachinayi anali nawo zambiri zochitika zomwe zachitika mu ndale za dziko.

zochitika zosiyanasiyana zofunika kwambiri mbiri ya amene mwachindunji zokhudzana ndi Ottoman:

• nkhondo ndi Avenetia;
• zinalephereka nkhondo ndi Austria;
• Nkhondo ndi Poland (mfumu yakumeneko panokha analamula) komanso mapeto a Zhuravsky dziko mu 1676;
• akumane nkhondo ndi Russia;
• kuzinga Vienna ndi kugonjetsedwa kwa asilikali Ottoman.

Atagonjetsedwa ku Vienna mu 1683 asilikali Ottoman akhadikhira angapo palibe masoka zazing'ono. The Ottoman anataya Ionian Islands, ndi Morea, Moldavia, Wallachia, Hungary. Pansi pa ulamuliro wa Akhristu nkomwe ku Belgrade. Choncho, Ottoman ali kwambiri yafupika m'gawo lake.

Kumwa Cossacks Chiyukireniya

Mehmed IV anabadwa m'chaka chomwecho pamene anapezerapo kupanduka kwake unakula nkhondo yomenyera dziko, Bogdan Khmelnitsky. mayi wake anakhala Chiyukireniya mwa kubadwa. Pali ngakhale chiphunzitso chimene mayi ake anali kuyesera kuphunzitsa mwana wakeyo chinenero, koma adasakabve pambuyo anaphunzira Ibrahim choyamba.

Sultan Mehmed IV analamulira ufumu wake, pamene mayiko Chiyukireniya inali nthawi ya mabwinja. Popeza anapanga pangano ngati Bogdan Khmelnitsky ndi Yuri Khmelnitsky. zothandizira mipingo yawo wake wa hetman anafunsa monga Ivan Vygovskyy, Paulo Teteria, Ivan Bryukhovetsky.

Malinga ndi Baibulo lina, iwo unali Mehmed Chachinayi kalata wotchuka kwa Cossacks kutsogoleredwa ndi Ivan Sirko. Ngakhale mtsogoleri ngakhale nthawi kulumbirira kuti adzakhala okhulupirika kwa mfumu ina Turkey.

Nthumwi ufumu wa Ottoman panokha anapita m'mayiko Chiyukireniya. Iye anatsogolera kampeni pa mchira. Mu lamulo lake, August 27, 1672 mpanda wolimba anagwa mu Kamenetz. Chifukwa cha ntchito imeneyi, masiketi ndi gawo la wina wotchedwa Galicia anabwera pansi Ottoman ulamuliro. Koma anali womaliza bwino kulanda Sultan.

Kumapeto kwa ulamuliro

Mehmed IV sanali wolamulila wamphamvu. Kwa nthawi yaitali iye analamulira Walid ndi viziers. ntchito zinathandiza pa nkhani kulephera pa dziko lonse ndi kufooka kwa Ottoman. Mofanana ndi bambo ake, chakhumi ndi chisanu ndi chinayi yakumeneko kutsitsidwa ku mpando wachifumu ndi thandizo la Janissaries kupanduka. Izi zinachitika mu 1687. Mehmed anafera m'ndende, zaka zisanu pambuyo awa akuti 06/01/1693.

Pambuyo kuchotsa pa mpando wa Sultan Suleiman ndinakhala wachiwiri, amene anali mng'ono wa kuloŵedwa m'malo ake. Iye sanali m'zochitika za ufumuwo sanawakhulupirire viziers ake onse.