Mfundo anachita mwachindunji ndi ndege zosagwiritsa

Pa nkhondo yachiwiri ya padziko lonse mwa njira zonse ntchito chikumenyana zipani chidwi amene anali mayunitsi nkhondowo, zotsatira za zomwe zinali zochokera ntchito mfundo zotani mwachindunji.

Mfundo imeneyi anayamba kuphunzira experimentally kalelo. Zikuoneka Geron Aleksandriysky anakhala kafukufuku choyamba. Amadziwika kuti zaka zana ndi makumi awiri Chikhristu chisanayambe, analenga woyamba chopangira mphamvu ndege. Ankaimira ndi mpira dzenje ndi dzenje lateral "spikes" amene wakukotama pa ngodya 90 °. Mkati mpira kudyetsedwa nthunzi. Pamene kudzera mbali chubu ( "njira") awiriawiri kupita kunja, ndi zibaluni chiyambi atembenuza. Komabe, mfundo za m'mene anakhazikitsa chimeza galimoto mphamvu mu angagwiritsire ntchito nthawi kuti sanapeze.

Mfundo yoyamba pa ntchito ya kutsogolo anachita kwa tsiku roketi kuthawa m'ma 10. Komabe, umboni wosonyeza odalirika zambiri za chida Launch ku China m'zaka 13 pa nkhondo Mongol.

Ganizo ntchito anachita mwachindunji mwamsanga atagonjetsa mu Europe. Komabe, pali iye sanali kukhala. Mbali yaikulu zimenezi zinachitika chifukwa chakuti m'zaka 14 analengedwa handguns (mfuti), amene analidi kuposa mizinga Chinese.

Roketi malonda chidwi Russia. Mu 1680 izo anakhazikitsa msonkhano woyamba kwa kupanga zida Moscow. Mu ntchito zake zinatengera mbali kenako Peter I.

Limodzi ndi chitukuko cha nkhani chida anali ankafufuza ndi ndege zosagwiritsa. Information za ena zikuchitika tsiku ili m'dera ku m'ma 17. Kwakusiyana Kanyama mwakhama kuphunzira kanjedza sayansi. Iwo akufotokozedwa ndi lamulo la kusamala patsogolo. Zotakasika kayendedwe - ichi kayendedwe ka thupi chifukwa kulekana kwa gawo la ilo ndi ena liwiro. Kuti anapulumuka ntchito m'dera limeneli Newton, Huygens, Bernoulli, Zhukovsky ndi ena.

Mu Russia, pofika cha m'ma 19 koyamba pali lingaliro ntchito ndege zosagwiritsa ntchito zomangamanga ndege. Polojekiti ya lingaliro chinalengedwa ndi wotchuka Narodnaya Volya Kibalchich mu 1881. Kenako mu zolemba zake, Tsiolkovsky anayamba ntchitoyi, maganizo mu 1903 ntchito ndege zosagwiritsa kulankhulana interplanetary. pofuna kukwaniritsa dera ili la sayansi analandira mu zolemba Goddard, Oberth, Lorena. Awa ndi ena ogwira ntchito mu zatsopano awo kufufuza embodiments zosiyanasiyana ntchito anachita mwachindunji, advantageously ntchito injini ndege.

Koma tisaiwale kuti anasonkhana ongolankhula chuma cha khumi zoyambirira za m'ma 20 sikunali kokwanira ntchito kuti mchitidwe pa First World nkhondo. Ngakhale mfundo ya ndege zosagwiritsa ankagwiritsa ntchito makamaka kuunikira ndi ndimakwiya.

Nthawi pakati woyamba ndi wachiwiri nkhondo dziko, osiyana kuchititsa udakali kwambiri ntchito pa chitukuko cha ndege ndege. Chifukwa cha ntchito imeneyi, chida latsopano chimagwiritsidwa ntchito pa nkhondoyo.

Today ndege njira wofunika makamaka usilikali ndipo anayamba mbali ziwiri: mota mwachindunji anachita mu dongosolo la ndege monga mtundu zotakasika zida zida zankhondo. Ndi ofala ndi ma siginalo ndi kuyatsa zikutanthauza monga mtundu zida anati.

Komanso, pali gulu zotakasika m'chilengedwe. Choncho, mwachitsanzo, nyama, nyamayi, modabwitsa, cuttlefish kusamutsidwa khalidwe chifukwa wachotsedwa madzi ndege. Mu dziko masamba akhoza anati mfundo ya ndege zosagwiritsa. Mwachitsanzo, mbewu a ku maiko akummwera "squirting nkhaka." Kuyambira kukhudza kuwala kwa zipatso kucha, omwe akufanana ndi nkhaka, izo kha pa phesi. Kotero zipatso ntchentche mwa dzenje ndi mbewu madzi. "Nkhaka" ndi zouluka zosiyana. Tikumbukenso kuti liwiro la madzi panamveka mamita teni pa wachiwiri, ndi chipatso kuwuluka kupita mamita awiri.