Chigoba minofu. magulu minofu chigoba. Kapangidwe ndi ntchito ya minofu chigoba

Minofu - chimodzi mwa zigawo zikuluzikulu za thupi. Iwo zochokera nsalu, CHIKWANGWANI ndi yafupika mchikakamizo cha zikhumbo mantha, kulola thupi kusuntha ndi kusungidwa mu chilengedwe.

Minofu zili mbali zonse za thupi lathu. Ndipo ngakhale sitikudziwa za moyo wawo, iwo alipobe. Mokwanira, mwachitsanzo, nthawi yoyamba kupita ku masewero olimbitsa thupi kapena othamangitsa - tsiku lotsatira mudzayamba kupweteka ngakhale minofu amenewo, pamaso pa zomwe inu ndinalibe lingaliro.

Ali ndi udindo osati kwa gululi. Pa zina, minofu amafuna mphamvu kuti mukhalebe mawonekedwe abwino. Izi ndi kuonetsetsa kuti nthawi iliyonse munthu wina mbali ya thupi ankathandiza zikhumbo mitsempha lolingana kayendedwe, osati kuthera nthawi masewera.

Kumvetsa kapangidwe ka minofu, ife amati kukumbukira ndizosowa, kubwereza gulu ndi kuyang'ana mu ma dongosolo la minofu kuti. Tinaphunzira za matendawa ngakhale zingakhudzire ntchito zawo, ndi mmene kulimbikitsa minofu chigoba.

Zikhulupiriro General

Malinga ndi wokhutira ndi zochita zikuchitika ulusi minofu anawagawa:

• striated;
• yosalala.

Chigoba minofu - elongated tubular dongosolo, chiwerengero cha mtima m'chipinda wina amene akhoza kufika mazana angapo. Iwo amakhala ndi minofu minofu, amene zaikidwa mbali zosiyanasiyana za mafupa Bony. Chidule minofu striated zimathandiza kuti kayendedwe anthu.

zosiyanasiyana

Minofu osiyana? Photos m'nkhani ino itithandiza kumvetsa izo.

minofu chigoba ndi chimodzi mwa zigawo zikuluzikulu za dongosolo minofu ndi mafupa. Iwo amakulolani kusuntha ndi kukhalabe olimba, komanso amene amasamalira wa kupuma, phonation, ndi ntchito zina.

Anthu, pali anthu oposa 60 minofu. Chiwerengero cha kulemera okwana ndi 40% ya kulemera okwana thupi. Minofu ali m'magulu malinga ndi mawonekedwe ndi kapangidwe:

• wandiweyani spindle woboola pakati;
• woonda mbale.

Gawo zimatithandiza kuphunzira

Nagawira m'magulu minofu chigoba amadalira malo ndi phindu la ntchito yawo ziwalo zosiyanasiyana za thupi. Magulu chachikulu:

Minofu ya mutu ndi khosi:

• muoneke - mukufuna kumwetulira, kukambirana ndi chilengedwe cha grimaces zosiyanasiyana, pamene kuonetsetsa kuti gulu la mbali zikuluzikulu za nkhope;
• chewable - amathandiza kusintha malo a dipatimenti maxillofacial;
• minofu zaufulu wa ziwalo za mutu (zofewa m'kamwa, lilime, maso, makutu pakati).

Magulu a minofu ya msana khomo lachiberekero chigoba:

• pamwamba - zimathandiza kayendedwe oblique ndi rotational mutu;
• Middle - kulenga khoma pansi M'mimbamo m'kamwa, ndi kulimbikitsa kunsi kayendedwe ka pachibwano ndi hyoid fupa ndi laryngeal cartilages;
• kwambiri anagwira tilts ndi kasinthasintha wa mutu, kulera kulenga m'mbali yoyamba ndi yachiwiri.

Minofu chithunzi inu mukuona apa, ali ndi udindo thupi ndipo anawagawa mitolo minofu zotsatirazi m'madipatimenti:

• thoracic - yosonkhezera torso chapamwamba ndi manja, ndipo kumathandiza kusintha mu malo a nthiti pa kupuma;
• pamimba - likupereka kayendedwe ka magazi kudzera mitsempha, akuchita Kusintha kwa malo a chifuwa pamene kupuma, zimakhudza kugwira ntchito pa mundawo m'mimba, amalimbikitsa kupinda wa thunthu;
• kumbuyo - amalenga Kanyama ka malekezero chapamwamba.

nthambi minofu:

• pamwamba - amapangidwa ndi minofu minofu ya lamba phewa ndi nthambi chapamwamba free, kuthandiza kusuntha dzanja mu phewa olowa kapisozi ndi kulenga kayendedwe ka dzanja ndi zala;
• m'munsi - zimapezeka mu kayendedwe ka munthu mu mlengalenga, ogaŵikana minofu ya lamba m'chiuno ndi gawo ufulu.

Kapangidwe ka minofu chigoba

Mu dongosolo wake, ali ambiri ulusi minofu ya mawonekedwe elongated ndi awiri a microns 10 100, kutalika ranges awo kuchokera 1 mpaka 12 masentimita ulusi (microfibrils) ndi woonda -. Akitini, wakuda - myosin.

Woyamba imakhala ndi mapuloteni ndi dongosolo fibrillar. Iye anaitana akitini. ulusi wandiweyani zigwirizana aliwonse myosin. Iwo yodziwika ndi nthawi wofunikila kuwonongeka kwa ATP mamolekyulu, imbaenda ku kuchepetsedwa osiyana liwiro.

Myosin maselo yosalala minofu ili mu chikhalidwe omwazika, ngakhale kuti pali wambirimbiri mapuloteni, amene nawonso, ndi mnogoznachaschim mu yaitali contractions zimandilimbikitsa.

Kapangidwe ka minofu chigoba ndi ofanana ndi nsalu chingwe kapena ulusi Shackleton waya. Top padziko chivundikiro ake woonda minofu connective otchedwa epimizium. Pamwamba pake mkati mwakuya mu minofu achoke bwino nthambi minofu connective, kulenga partitions. Iwo "atakulungidwa" mitolo munthu minofu minofu, amene ali mpaka 100 aliyense fibrils lapansi. Iwo chozama achoke kuchepera nthambi.

Mwa onse a zigawo mu minofu chigoba umalowa mu kachitidwe magazi ndi mantha. Wolumikizira Vienna akuthamanga pamodzi perimiziuma - minofu connective kuphimba mitolo ya ulusi minofu. Wolumikizira ndi capillaries venous ili pafupi.

citukuko

minofu chigoba kukhala ku mesoderm lapansi. Kuchokera somites mantha poyambira anapanga. Nthawi iwo zigwire myotomes. maselo awo, natenga mawonekedwe a spindle ndi, ikusintha kukhala myoblasts, amene anagawa. Ena a iwo akupita patsogolo, pamene ena kukhala zikutsatiridwa ndi mawonekedwe miosatellitotsity.

A gawo laling'ono la myoblasts chifukwa funsani a mzati amapanga kukhudzana ndi mzake zambiri mu zone kukhudzana plasmalemma apasuke. Chifukwa maphatikizidwe selo symplasts. Iwo ikuyenda wamng'ono undifferentiated ena a minofu, ili mu malo omwewo ndi chapansi myosymplasts Kakhungu.

Chigoba minofu ntchito

Maziko a musculature a dongosolo minofu ndi mafupa. Ngati ndi lamphamvu, thupi kosavuta kukhala ndi malo olondola, ndipo Mwina zosayembekezereka wa kupindika msana kuwerama kapena sanamvere. Pa ubwino kudziwa masewera onse, kotero tikambirana udindo ankaimba ndi minofu.

Contractile chigoba minofu minofu thupi ntchito zosiyanasiyana, omwe ndi ofunika kwambiri kuti pamalo olondola a thupi ndi anzake a ziwalo wina ndi mzake.

Minofu kuchita ntchito zotsatirazi:

• kupereka sayenda wa thupi;
• kusamalirana kutentha mphamvu analenga mkati mwa thupi;
• atsogolere gulu ofukula ndi posungira danga;
• zimathandiza kuchepetsa pa mundawo kupuma ndi kuthandiza ndi kumeza;
• kutiumba otsanzira;
• amathandiza kuti chitukuko cha kutentha.

thandizo sikumatha

Pamene minofu ndi pa mtendere, pali nthawizonse mavuto pang'ono, wotchedwa minofu kamvekedwe. Iwo aumbike chifukwa mafurikwense zazing'ono pulsed kuti alowe msana minofu chingwe. mmene amayamba ndi chizindikiro kuti kudutsa kuchokera kumutu mpaka motoneurons msana. Minofu kamvekedwe chimadaliranso chikhalidwe chawo ambiri:

• anatambasula;
• Anadzaza mlingo wa m'chimake minofu;
• magazi patsogolo;
• okwana wa madzi ndi mchere bwino.

Munthu amatha kusintha mlingo wa minofu katundu. Chifukwa zolimbitsa thupi yaitali thupi kapena amphamvu maganizo ndi mantha kupsyinjika musanaganizire minofu kamvekedwe ukuwonjezeka.

Chidule minofu chigoba ndi mitundu awo

nchito imeneyi n'kofunika. Koma ngakhale iye, ndi kuphweka akuoneka, akhoza kugawidwa mu mitundu yambiri.

Mitundu ya contractile minofu:

• isotonic - luso minofu minofu adzafupikitsidwa popanda kusintha ulusi minofu;
• Isometric - zimene usasungunuke amachepetsa, koma m'litali akanali yemweyo;
• auksotonicheskie - ndondomeko ya chidule cha minofu minofu, mmene m'litali ndi mavuto minofu pansi kusintha.

Tiyeni tione ndondomeko izi mwatsatanetsatane

Choyamba, ubongo amatumiza machitidwe ubongo kudzera zimachitika zomwe umalandira owononga minyewa pafupi ndi minofu mtolo. Kenako efferent manyuroni innervated wa vesicle Zofanana ndi anamasulidwa mtundu. Chili ndi maselo pa sarcolemma ulusi minofu zimatsegula njira sodium, imbaenda Kakhungu depolarization, kuchititsa angathe kuchitapo kanthu. Pamene mtundu zokwanira kumapangitsa yopanga ayoni calcium. Izo ndiye zikugwirizana ndi troponin ndipo kumapangitsa chidule chake. Ndiyeno, chimakakamiza tropomeazin, kulola kulumikiza akitini ndi myosin.

Ndiye ndondomeko akuyamba akitini filament kutsetsereka myosin wachibale, limene pali kuchepetsa minofu chigoba. Kumvetsa ndondomeko ya chidule cha striated mitolo minofu adzatero chojambula chifaniziro.

Mfundo ntchito minofu chigoba

Mogwirizana kwa ambiri mitolo minofu kumathandiza kuti izikhala ya thupi.

The ntchito minofu chigoba angayambe njira zotsatirazi:

• minofu synergists ntchito njira imodzi;
• minofu antagonist amathandiza kukwaniritsa magulu zosiyana kwa voteji.

kanthu ankatsutsa minofu ndi chimodzi mwa zifukwa zikuluzikulu za ntchito ya dongosolo minofu ndi mafupa. Angagwiritse ntchito kanthu ntchito zikuphatikizapo ulusi osati minofu, izi zimapangitsa, koma muzikangana awo. Amathandiza kuti tigonjetse kuyenda ndi kupereka concreteness ndi chisomo.

Striated chigoba minofu atadziŵa olowa zimapangitsa ntchito mwakhama. khalidwe lake anatsimikiza ndi malo a olamulira olowa ndi malo ake minofu.

Ena ntchito za minofu chigoba ali underreported, ndipo nthawi zambiri salankhula za iwo. Mwachitsanzo, ena mwa matabwa ndiwo ndalezo mafupa.

Ntchito minofu pa mlingo ma

The kanthu minofu chigoba likuvutika mapulotini awiri: akitini ndi myosin. zigawo izi ndi amasamukira wachibale wina ndi mzake.

Pakuti dzuwa la minofu minofu amafuna mowa mphamvu zopezeka mu nsinga mankhwala mankhwala organic. The kuwonongeka ndi makutidwe ndi okosijeni zinthu zimachitika minofu. Apa, mpweya kwenikweni pano, ndi mphamvu anamasulidwa 33% ya okwana ntchito pa mphamvu minofu minofu ntchito, ndi 67% ndi kunditumiza ku zimakhala ena ndipo adadzonga kukhalabe zonse kutentha thupi.

Matenda a minofu chigoba

Nthawi zambiri, kuvutika mu kugwira ntchito kwa minofu chifukwa chikhalidwe pathological ya ubongo udindo.

The kudwala ambiri minofu chigoba:

• Minofu omangana - electrolyte vutoli mu madzimadzi extracellular ozungulira minofu ndi mitsempha ulusi komanso osiyanasiyana kuthamanga osmotic mmenemo, makamaka kuchuluka kwake.
• Hypocalcemic tetany - musanaganizire tetanic chidule minofu chigoba, anamuona kugwa kwa extracellular Ca2 + ndende mpaka 40% a misinkhu yachibadwa.
• Akulu dystrophy amakhala ndi kupata alibe ulusi chigoba minofu ya myocardium, komanso ngati akulu chilema kungachititse imfa chifukwa cholephera kupuma kapena mtima.
• Myasthenia - aakulu autoimmune matenda amene thupi umatulutsa mankhwala akupha fodya Ach-cholandilira.

Yosangalala ndi ayambe minofu chigoba

kudya zakudya zopatsa nthanzi, moyo ndi kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi, mungathe kukhala mwini okongola athanzi ndi minofu chigoba. Kwenikweni kuchita maphunziro kulemera ndi kumanga minofu misa. Zokwanira zonse cardio ndipo anati yoga.

Musaiwale kuvomereza mokakamizidwa wa mavitamini ndi michere, komanso kuyendera saunas ndi malo osambira nthunzi ndi matsache, moti mpweya kuti akatidzadza minofu minofu ndi mitsempha ya magazi.

Mwadongosolo ulesi zofikisa zingawonjezere kusinthasintha ndipo reproducibility wa mitolo minofu. Ndi amadza zabwino pa kapangidwe ndi ntchito ya minofu chigoba linamasulira ulendo cryo.