Mitundu chidali cha golide

Gold - mmodzi wa zitsulo rarest pa dziko kuyambira nthawi yakale monga chizindikiro cha chuma, kupambana ndi wapamwamba. Mu nthawi tebulo Di Mendeleev iye amatchedwa Aurum, kutanthauza "golide", ndi anthu umatchedwa "wolemekezeka". Ndipo palibe mwangozi, chifukwa golide ndi inert zitsulo, pafupifupi samalowa mu nsinga mankhwala ndi kupanga mankhwala atsopano - khalidwe ngati strata wolemekezeka wa anthu. Kuti zitsulo inertia anachititsa mtengo wake mkulu ndi kufunika. Komabe, ngakhale "chidani" ndi zinthu zina, asayansi anali Ngokhoza kulenga zosiyanasiyana wa golide, umene tsopano ntchito m'mafakitale ambiri, kuchokera zodzikongoletsera kutsiriza ndi chida kupanga. Uliri woyera tsopano pafupifupi kukumana.

umboni golide

Mu chikhalidwe, golide zimachokeradi mu mawonekedwe a "wowala" miyala coarse-grained, ndi mu mawonekedwe a specks kakang'ono, mbewu mchenga mkati mwenimweni, golide mwankhanza miyala. Nthawi zina mbewu ang'onoang'ono kwambiri motero kuti iwo akhoza amangoona mothandizidwa ndi zipangizo zina zapadera.

Koma palinso yokha, yaikulu imene - "Wokondedwa Mlendo" - wapezeka Australia, ndi kulemedwa pafupifupi 75 kg. Ndipo pamene imachitika migodi golide mu Urals, nyemba yolemera makilogalamu 35 anapezeka, wotchedwa "chachikulu makona".

Koma msika golide afika pokhapokha kuyeretsa Mipikisano mlingo. Koma ngakhale pambuyo zawachitikira ndi zopangira lili akuphatikizapo wina kuchuluka zosafunika. Chifukwa cha ichi, ndi mitundu golide woyamba losiyana kusokonezeka - peresenti zitsulo zili mu mankhwala.

golide dongosolo zochepa chabe pamalangizo

boma ngati nkhokwe za golide pogwiritsa ntchito zitsanzo choyeretsetsa cha chitsulo ichi. Chiwerengero cha zinthu ziri momwemo 99,999% pa galamu imodzi ya thunthu. Koma muyezo banki ingot masekeli 1 makilogalamu lili magalamu 999 wa zitsulo. Kuti ndi mtengo wa ingot akufufuta chikwi, Tingaone pa golide ndi kuphana katundu wa dziko.

A chitsanzo cha golide imaonekera pa mankhwala mu mawonekedwe a chizindikiro laling'ono, limene ndi manambala achindunji kwambiri. Dziko likugwiritsa ntchito zitsanzo ziwiri za dongosolo:

1. Chinkafunika. Kugawira mu CIS, Europe ndi Russia, pogwiritsa ntchito manambala pakuyenerera.
2. Carat kuchitidwa mu Union ndi European ndi United States. Izo zimatengera chiwerengero cha zidutswa wa golide, umene nkhani 24 aloyi lapansi.

Dongosolo carat golide mu mtundu woyera (kuchuluka koposa 99,9%) limafanana ndi chitsanzo 24, ndipo chinkafunika - 999th. Ngati zinthu zagolide inu mwazindikira Sitampu ndi nambala "750" kapena 18K, mankhwala lili 75% wa zitsulo mfulu. Zokongoletsa 585 ambiri mu malo pambuyo Soviet. Koma kwambiri otsika khalidwe anaona 9 carat kapena zinthu 375 chitsanzo, chifukwa iwo monga zosaposa 37,5% ya golide.

"Spectrogram" zinthu zagolide

golide woyenga bwino ndi yofewa kwambiri, ductile ndi malleable zinthu zimene kwenikweni "kusungunuka achokeko 'zovuta makina. Kuti zinthu zagolide yaiwisi kwa mawonekedwe, ndi anawonjezera zosiyanasiyana zitsulo: siliva, mkuwa, cadmium, chromium, pulatinamu ndi ena. Choncho, wosiyana ndi golide, kapena m'malo kasakaniza wazitsulo ake.

Malinga amene item anawonjezera mu feedstock, ndi katundu thupi la aloyi, komanso monga mtundu. Mthunzi zagolide kungakhale zosiyanasiyana ndithu, akhoza zimasiyana golide chikasu ndi wotumbululuka pinki kwa buluu mdima, zofiirira ngakhalenso wakuda. Zonsezi pamapeto pake amasankha mtengo wa zokongoletsa ndi makhalidwe awo zokongoletsa.

Yellow ndi woyera golide

golide Yellow ndi aloyi kwambiri miyambo ndi wofala m'dzikoli. Momwemo zitsulo wolemekezeka mu chiŵerengero osiyana a siliva adawonjeza mkuwa. Izo zimatengera chiwerengero cha zodetsa, momwe golide kwambiri mu msika zodzikongoletsera. Ngati kuchuluka siliva ndi wamkulu kuposa kuchuluka kwa mkuwa, mankhwala yosalala mandimu yofiira. Ngati mkuwa zambiri limapezeka mthunzi wofiira. The mankhwala ambiri pa msika 585 ndi 750. golide White ndi mtengo kwambiri ndi wokongola aloyi, zomwe sizodabwitsa. Kuti mupeze chinanso palladium kapena pulatinamu, nchifukwa chake mankhwala ndi kupeza azioneka yochitidwa. Kuwonjezera kusintha mtundu ndi mphamvu makhalidwe - iwo ali apamwamba. Pakuti zodzikongoletsera ntchito golide woyera 585 ndi 750.

Red ndi golide pinki

Red Gold aloyi anakonza powonjezera lalikulu zedi zamkuwa. Komanso mankhwala ena zili akhoza kufika 50% ya kulemera okwana. N'chifukwa chake mitundu yonse ya mithunzi ya golide wofiira ndi mtengo wotsika. Izo zikuwoneka zabwino ndi ngale wofiira - zamtengo wapatali ndi garnets. Pakuti pinki hue mu kasakaniza wazitsulo ndi mkuwa, akuwonjezeka ku mbali 3 2 zasiliva. Mtundu anatsindika otchuka. N'chifukwa chake nkhaniyi ndi otchuka ndi nyumba zambiri mafashoni mu dziko amene amapanga zodzikongoletsera anthu otchuka.

golide Green ndi buluu

Pezani golide wobiriwira mu njira zingapo. Ambiri a iwo - ndi moyenera Kuwonjezera aloyi siliva. Ndi kukhazikitsa zitsulo lisinthike hue - mankhwala chobiriwira, lachikasu wobiriwira ndi zoyera. Kuyambira izi zimatengera mmene golide ndi ofunika wobiriwira. Ngati kuchuluka siliva ndi 30%, ndiye latsopano mchere - lide. Pakuti kasakaniza wazitsulo buluu golide anawonjezera zitsulo kapena cobalt. Mbali yoyamba, ndi hue zimasiyanasiyana imvi kuwala kwa buluu ozizira. Pamene kuwonjezera aloyi cobalt ayamba kukhala kulocha buluu. Ena nyumba mafashoni kukwaniritsa zotsatira ofanana ndi kutsatira ndi rhodium ❖ kuyanika. Nawa osati kasakaniza wazitsulo zonse zomwe ziti za golide kumeneko. wotchuka kwambiri mu dziko ndipo amakhala wakuda wolemekezeka zakuthupi, komanso mithunzi zofiirira ndi zofiirira.