Mitundu kachitidwe masankho: ubwino ndi kuipa

Pamaso pa ulamuliro demokalase monenetsa amapereka kusankha dongosolo mulingo woyenera kusankha. Malinga ndi mmene bungwe yoika ndondomeko maudindo boma, kusiyanitsa mitundu ya kachitidwe masankho: njila, majoritarian, kuphatikizapo. Koma kodi mfundo zosiyanasiyana, kodi ubwino ndi kuipa? Tiyeni tiyese kuganizira.

Concept ndi mitundu kachitidwe masankho

Monga tanena kale, demokalase akusonyeza kuti mbali ya boma (kapena ulamuliro) amatumiza anthu owayimilira. Zimenezi ikuchitika mwachindunji kapena ayi. Direct kutengerapo ndondomeko zachokera chisankho, ndi njira zina - mwa oimira kale osankhidwa (monga kusankha Pulezidenti ndi aphungu Republic kapena ndondomeko primaries).

Monga ulamuliro, boma demokalase pali malamulo omwe amayendetsera ndondomeko anasamutsa mbali ya ulamuliro wa. Pamafunikanso malamulo ndi njira kuti akhoza kutchulidwa oyenera, amene anapanga chifukwa cha boma lovomerezeka. Onse atsogolera pamwamba kunena:

dongosolo visankho - enieni, mwalamulo kumatanthauza ndondomeko yosankha matupi womuimira.

The zosiyanasiyana njira ndi malamulo amatilola amapeza mitundu zotsatirazi kachitidwe masankho: njila, majoritarian, kuphatikizapo.

Dongosolo njila amakhala ndi kuganizira pazipita maganizo a oponya voti. Akamanena za mtundu umenewu uli chakuti adzaponye chisanko kupereka mavoti awo zipani nawo chisankho. Pa nthawi yomweyo mu malo oyamba pali mbiri ya chipani wonse osati Mkhristu aliyense payekha. The Party anafotokoza mndandanda masankho a mamembala chipani, woimira zofuna za electors mu matupi osankhidwa a mphamvu. Komanso mtundu wa kukhazikitsidwa amakhala ndi "pakhomo chisankho" mu chisankho. Chotero ulamuliro amalola Ndime ya mbali yaikulu. Tikumbukenso kuti malingana ndi malamulo a boma, pakhomo akhoza ngati 1% (monga Mwachitsanzo, mu Isiraeli) ndi 12% (Sweden). Izi zikutanthauza kuti chipani amene walandira voti gawo la aang'ono a oponya voti chifundo, si pochitika mu thupi osankhidwa ndi anaimba mawu ake kupita kumapate anthu wodutsapo pakhomo izi. Tikumbukenso kuti ndondomeko kutengerapo ikuchitika yolingana ndi chiwerengero anaimba sympathies oponya mavoti. Choncho dzina la kachitidwe.

Majority. Mosiyana woyamba sayendera mbiri ya chipani, koma makhalidwe a anthu phungu asankha ndi izo. Kusankhidwa chimachitika otchedwa ndi "m'maboma umodzi membala." Komanso, aliyense chipani chimodzi ndondomeko nominates nthumwi imodzi. Chisankho kutenga malo mbali ziwiri: mwa okondedwa awiri oyamba atsimikiziridwa lachiwiri - woimira wotsatira wa distilikiti osakwatiwa-lamulo.

A dongosolo losanganikirana. Maonekedwe a zinali chifukwa cha kupanda ungwiro kwa mitundu iwiri yoyambirira. Tinganene, States kuti ayamba mtundu uwu, ntchito awiri monga machitidwe - ndi njila ndi majoritarian.

Mitundu kachitidwe masankho - zolakwa

Asayansi Political ndi akatswiri malamulo amanena kuti ntchito ambiri kapena njila machitidwe yekha kumabweretsa chilengedwe cha mavuto ena.

Pamene akhomere ndi kufufuta okha dongosolo ambiri kumaphwanya chimodzi mwa zinthu zofunika demokalase - "podziwa maganizo a anthu ambiri ku malo ochepa." Kodi makonzedwe kuti tidzapambana pa chisankho ali munthu amene anasonkhana 50% kuphatikiza voti imodzi. Iwo ankadziwa kuti wopambana adzakhala kuganizira zinthu zawo maganizo omwe adzaponye chisanko otsala.

Mosiyana ndi vuto limeneli dongosolo njila umayendetsedwera. Koma si angwiro. drawback Aika limapezeka zotheka ya maphwando kuti anapambana chisankho. Ngakhale kuti mu nkhani zimenezi zimasonyeza kuti vuto lenileni ndale, mukhoza kulenga zinthu zina zimene sizingatheke osankhidwa pulezidenti (mwachitsanzo, mu mabwalo a aphungu) kapena kupanga boma.

Izi mitundu kachitidwe masankho akhoza kulipidwa okha pogwiritsa ntchito mtundu wachitatu - njira wosanganiza chisankho. Ndi maiko zambiri timakonda ntchito, kuphatikizapo la Russia.

Mitundu kachitidwe masankho ofuna la Russia

Malinga thupi aumbike, malamulo ameme RF likukhudza njira zosiyanasiyana za chisankho. Kotero, ntchito kudziwa Pulezidenti RF mu dongosolo ambiri. Mu mapangidwe boma Duma - wosanganiza ndi ku bungwe la Federation - ndi nomination wa atsogoleri a malamulo ndi wamkulu boma la Federation lapansi.

Nawonso nzika za boma komanso ntchito dongosolo losakanizika, khalidwe la State Duma. Pankhaniyi, 50% adzasankhidwa ndi dongosolo ambiri, 50% - mwa njila. Choncho mitundu ya kachitidwe masankho ofuna la Russia umaimiridwa ndi mitundu iwiri - ambiri kuphatikizapo. njira yotere chifukwa kufunika othandiza mapangidwe bwino matupi Republic njira theka ndi Russia.

Mwachidule pamwamba pa zonse, tisaiwale: lingaliro ndi mitundu kachitidwe masankho kumathandiza kwambiri mapangidwe maboma ndi kulanda mphamvu za chifaniziro ndi kasamalidwe ka zochitika za dziko.