Bzalani m'dera - ndichiyani? Maonekedwe ndi mitundu m'madera chomera

zomera zodabwitsa zosiyanasiyana ngakhale kachidutswa kakang'ono ka dziko. Ndipo inu mukhoza kuwona momwe osiyana kwambiri zomera nkhalango amene akukhala pa nyanja kapena dambo. oimira zomera akhoza azikhala yekha ndi zamoyo, amene ali okonzeka azikhala. Kuti ali moyo wa zomera zotheka pamene ena chomera dera zachitika.

mfundo zofunika

Kumvetsa zimene chomera dera, m'pofunika kukumbukira zofunika zosiyanasiyana zomera zikhalidwe za kukula ndi chitukuko. Aliyense amafuna ena chinyezi, kuunikira, kutentha. Pa mfundo imeneyi, mu chikhalidwe cha mtundu chomera munthu sakhala mobisika ndi mzake, ndipo limodzi, kupanga m'nkhalango otchedwa phytocenoses kapena mabungwe mbewu.

Choncho, zomera ammudzi - magulu zomera zimene ndinazolowera zikhalidwe womwewo wa kuli pa malo akuchipatala cha dziko ndi kugwirizana zochita mwagwirizana pa wina ndi mzake.

The zambiri zosiyanasiyana mitundu zikuchokera phytocenosis, ndi mokulira ntchito moyo malo ndi zinthu zake, ndi waphindu ndi osiyanasiyana ali paubwenzi. Mwachitsanzo, mtengo ndi amapereka gome, ndi pogona ndi kuchuluka kwa nyama zosiyanasiyana, ndipo nawonso wokhazikika yake mwa kuwononga tizirombo kunyamula mbewu, anamasuka nthaka.

Mitundu yonse ya zomera m'madera amene amakhala m'dera wina wotchedwa zomera. Malinga predominance a mitundu ina ya m'madera mbewu amaphatikizidwa mu gulu (zomera mitundu). Gulu lirilonse afika dzina Mwachitsanzo, dambo, nkhalango, dambo, steppe, Titafika pamalo, ndi zina zotero. mitundu yonse ya zomera ali ndi makhalidwe ake, amene savuta kusiyanitsa Chrixitu.

Mitundu ya m'madera chomera

Monga tanenera kale, chifukwa phytocenosis yodziwika ndi zina mtundu wa dothi, mlingo kuwala, chinyezi ndi mavuto ena chifukwa kuli zomera. Ikufotokoza kusiyana kwa madera zomera ndi zikuchokera enieni zomera ndi aliyense wa iwo.

Pamene iwo anena kuti anthu ammudzi mbewu - .. Kodi nkhalango, munda, dambo, madzi, namwali steppe, etc., ndiye amatanthauza zinthu kuli mitundu.

Nthawi zina phytocenoses dzina mosavuta view mu izo. Mwachitsanzo, spruce, paini, birch, thundu nkhalango kapena steppe feathergrass. M'dera mtundu wina zingasiyane mu mitundu zikuchokera, mwachitsanzo, Oil munda kapena bilberry.

M'kagulu ndi kupeza mitundu ya m'madera mbewu Angapatsidwe zimakhudza anthu pa ndondomeko ya kupanga phytocenoses. Motero, allocated zachilengedwe ndi kupanga mbewu m'madera.

oimira zonse za zomera za nkhalango, madambo, zithaphwi, nyanja, steppe, Titafika pamalo zimapanga zachilengedwe mbewu m'madera. zimakhudza mwachindunji pa mapangidwe munthu alibe.

Amapanga mbewu m'madera analenga munthu. Iwo akhoza kupangidwa m'chifanizo cha chilengedwe (mwachitsanzo, nkhalango, dziwe, dambo) kapena okha wapadera mu chikhalidwe (kumunda, mabwalo, m'mapaki). chomera m'midzi chifukwa zosiyanasiyana kakang'ono mitundu ofooka zachilengedwe ndipo akhoza unalipo munthu kuwasamalira.

Apo ayi pali kusintha m'madera mbewu. Oimira zomera zakutchire akhoza kukankhira kunja kwa zomera nkhalango. A zoterezi n'zothekanso m'madera achilengedwe. Choncho, nyanja, atachuluka pang'onopang'ono inasanduka dambo ndi.

Kumbukirani kuti mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya m'madera zomera kukopa mitundu ina ya nyama, mabakiteriya ndi tizilombo tina. Pamodzi, kupanga biocenosis.

Madambo ndi steppes

Mu steppe lolamuliridwa ndi zomera herbaceous ndi melkokustarnikovye. M'tchire yodziwika ndi lalikulu zosiyanasiyana zitsamba, makamaka osatha. Olemera mitundu zikuchokera ndi meadows, zomwe zili mu floodplains. Komanso madambo youma, yomwe ili kutali mtsinje, pamalo okwezeka.

nkhuni

Tiered mbewu polojekitiyo ovuta kwambiri mitundu zikuchokera - nkhalango. Pamafunikanso mtengo, chitsamba ndi zomera herbaceous. Nkhalango anawagawa deciduous ndi coniferous. Anthu nawonso, anawagawa coniferous yotakata, Ndalankhula, mdima ndi kuunika. Komanso, pali nkhalango wosanganiza, kumene kuperekedwa monga softwood ndi mtengo wolimba mitundu.

Kuyenda mwa nkhalango, ife kulowa mu ulamuliro wa gulu makamaka. Good connoisseur zachilengedwe, yemwe wakhala wokhometsa bowa ndi zipatso angathe kutsatira cranberries mu m'nkhalango ya m'nkhalango ya paini, kuseri kwa maluwa - mu glades ndi clearings, ndi strawberries - pamapiri dzuwa ndi m'mphepete. Kodi azikhala zomera yosiyana? Iwo kotheka kuti Co-kulibe?

Bzalani m'dera tichipeza osiyanasiyana zomera zimene ndinazolowera kwa malo omwewo, koma ntchito m'njira zosiyanasiyana. Pambuyo kuwala amafuna, chinyezi, zinthu kutentha sali ofanana.

Monga zomera nkhalango ntchito kuwala? Mu tiers ulemu anasamukira akorona awo kuwala wachikondi thundu, phulusa, linden. Mu gawo lachiwiri omasuka phiri phulusa, mbalame chitumbuwa, Aspen. Mitengo imeneyi ndi oumirira kuwala. Zitsamba zili mu gawo lachitatu. Ndipo kwambiri mthunzi-ololera, ndere ndi zitsamba anaiika wachinayi.

Forest chomera dera ali ndi chigawo wapadera gawo wotchedwa zinyalala nkhalango. Nthawi zina asayansi monga iye gawo lachisanu. Bowa - okhala waukulu wa zinyalala. Pamodzi ndi bowa ndinazolowera kuli anthu m'menemo yaing'ono nkhalango ndi mabakiteriya. Kudyetsa mbali akufa zomera, iwo kuwasandutsa kukhala manyowa, ndi humus - mu salt mchere, omwe ali ofunika kwa zomera latsopano.

Layering alipo mobisa. mizu ya mitengo apita. Pang'ono apamwamba mizu zitsamba, pa pamwamba - zomera udzu. Tiered dongosolo la mizu zimawathandiza kuyamwa zakudya ku zigawo zosiyana nthaka.

Nyengo mfundo aliko

Kuti ndizicheza ndi mnzake mu nkhalango osati amalola tiered dongosolo aboveground ndi mobisa mbali ya zomera, komanso chitukuko mu mawu osiyana.

Choyamba, pamaso leafing, ukufalikira mphepo mungu. Ngakhale mitengo wamtali sizinathe maluwa, mphepo ufulu kutengerapo mungu.

Chipale chofewa samabwera pansi, ndi pansi pa zinyalala mosangalala kudzutsidwa tizilombo. Tsopano, pamene nthambi umboni za nkhalango adutsa pansi kwambiri dzuwa, ukufalikira primroses ndi Entomophilous.

Anatembenuka zitsamba wobiriwira ndi primroses asanathe, kudziunjikira mu rhizomes zakudya. moyo wawo chimatha kufikira masika zotsatirazi. malo awo atengedwa ndi zitsamba zina. Ngakhale mu nkhalango kwambiri kuwala, udzu chivundikiro amakhala thicker, zambiri osiyanasiyana, mwachangu ndi ndondomeko ya photosynthesis.

Mu zokula mokwanira hema wobiriwira pamene nyengo afika otentha ndi mphepo chimafa, zomera pachimake Entomophilous m'tchire. Kotero zonse mu nkhalango, zinthu zofunika pa moyo wa anthu ake onse.

spruce

nkhalango spruce zambiri kukula mu dothi lolemera dongo. masingano Oil, zinyalala linawola pang'onopang'ono. Anasonkhanitsa zaka, ndipamene mphasa, izi zimakhudza chinyezi, nthaka kutentha boma ndi ena mwa makhalidwe ake ena. The spruce nkhalango pang'ono kuwala, ndi chinyezi. Ngakhale pa chirimwe chotentha tsiku ndi ozizira. Osati wolemera nthaka chivundikiro mitundu. Pansi firs pakatikati kukula mthunzi kukoma chotchezera, zosiyanasiyana mitundu Moss, blueberries, cranberries.

nkhalango paini

Forest, kumene paini ndi nthumwi yaikulu, wotchedwa nkhalango pine. Amakonda kuwala dothi lamchenga. Dzuwa mu iwo mokwanira, koma chifukwa cha kusowa zakudya zosiyanasiyana zomera ang'ono. nthaka ali ndi ndere ndi lichens. Mwa iwo kukula mwala mabulosi, blueberries, cranberries, mitundu ina ya Mumapezekanso.

nkhalango deciduous

Bzalani gulu la nkhalango mitundu amaonera nthaka wolemera mu mchere. Mitundu zikuchokera ndi yosiyanasiyana. Mitengo mungapeze thundu, linden, Elm, mapulo. Kuyambira zitsamba zimadza otuwira, honeysuckle nkhuni ndi euonymus. Busa chivundikiro wolemera mitundu: zakutchire ginger, khwangwala maso, goutweed, angapo mitundu ya belu, anemone ndi ena ambiri.

chithaphwi

Ndi gulu la zomera umaimiridwa ndi mitundu wapadera amatha kulibe zinthu chinyezi amaika nthaka komanso kusowa mpweya izo. Mu Russia, zotchuka kwambiri kumpoto kwa zithaphwi alandira zone nkhalango ndi m'nkhalango.

Iwo agawidwa mu otsika kunama, amene mudzachitira sedge ndi Moss, ndi pa mahatchi. Aliyense ali zikuchokera khalidwe la mitundu zomera.

nyanja

Various nyanja zomera koma moyo mu malo omwewo. Only ntchito m'njira zosiyanasiyana.

Pa kumtunda kumene osaya, anakakhala mzimbe, cattail mabango. zimayambira awo ndi masamba anayikidwa pa madzi. Iwo amalandira mpweya woipa, ndipo kwambiri kuwala. Pali komanso kukula ndi kapisozi. Awo zimayambira mizu pansi, monga petioles yaitali kupirira masamba kuwala.

Koma pali zomera kuti saukitsidwa pamwamba. Zakudya iwo atengemo nyanja ndi wokhutira anamwazikana kuwala. Zakuya, chindichepere izo. Kusintha ndi chomera zikuchokera: Apamwamba Chipinda ang'onoang'ono, makamaka anthu algae tosaoneka.

Mu chikhalidwe, dera lililonse chomera kugwirizana ndi anthu ammudzi nyama okhala m'dera lomwelo. Apa ndi m'mphepete mwa nyanja m'nkhalango wobisa anthu ambiri a nyanja, monga osaya zokwanira chuma kuwala, kutentha, chakudya.

Moyo wa posungira sizikanatheka kukanakhala opanda ntchito ya anthu ake. Iwo kuyeretsa m'nyanja, kutenga nawo mbali pa vuto la kanthu, mawu, ntchito zawo zofunika kuthandiza mosalekeza za chilengedwe. N'zokhudza wina ndi mzake ndi sing'anga. Anthu m'madera panopa kulenga zinthu zofunika pa moyo wa anthu ake onse.

Titafika pamalo

Titafika pamalo mbewu m'madera ali mu zochitika zapadera. Apa ndi kutentha pang'ono, kawirikawiri mphepo yamphamvu, Madzi oundana.

Mu malo nkhanza sizikula mitengo yayitali, koma sizikutanthauza kuti iwo sali mu Titafika pamalo, koma iwo ali ochepa, undersized. Only pano mukhoza kuwona boletus, amene ali apamwamba kuposa birch lapansi. Kapena mtengo pa ndime ndi mabulosi chitsamba cloudberry.

mitengo kumalo ozizira limakula pang'onopang'ono. Growth mphete distinguishable yekha ndi galasi lokulitsira, m'lifupi awo kuchita masamu mu hundredths wa millimeter a.

zomera osiyana atengere Titafika pamalo. Pakuti ambiri, kukula chitsanzo cha mapilo. mawonekedwe Izi zimathandiza kupewa mphepo yamkuntho mphepo. Mkati pilo ndi akuzisunga kutentha bwino. Kukula mu ndere Titafika pamalo ndi lichens, maluwa zitsamba, zitsamba.

zimakhudza anthu Madera chomera

Mapangidwe chomera dera yeniyeni amatenga Zakachikwi kuposa wina. Ndi kupangidwa, iwo akhoza kusungidwa kwa nthawi yaitali, kufikira anagwiriridwa ndi ubwenzi wake.

mu moyo wa munthu wolephera ngakhale gawo laling'ono la nkhalango sangathe kupitirirapo padera. Mwachitsanzo, pa ngodya ya Nkhalango Mtsinje anali malo ankakonda halts alendo. Iye anafa angapo hearths udzu ndi kukula achinyamata nkhalango. Chitsamba kumathandiza otsetsereka kwa Matope omwe ankakokoloka anawononga, kudula. Mosatsata kutetezeredwa wobiriwira, anthu yadzuwa, mtsinjewo.

Kusintha kwa moyo chomera dera sakadakhoza kusintha chowawa chilengedwe.

Anthu a Titafika pamalo ndi odziwika bwino malamulo a chilengedwe a m'deralo. Mwachitsanzo, galimoto gulu la mbawala ndi malo, iwo kusunga zomera. Pambuyo Yagelnaya msipu kudyedwa ndi nswala, kubwezeretsedwa mu zaka 15-20. A wosanjikiza dothi thaws mu chilimwe, ndi laling'ono kwambiri pa pansi - Madzi oundana ndi zomera chivundikirocho ndi woonda.

Nature Titafika pamalo wosatetezeka kwambiri. Ndipo wina kumva kuwawa, ntchito pano zomera, kuchiritsa kwa nthawi yaitali.

ntchito iliyonse ya anthu pa dziko lapansi sangathe sikungawononge moyo zomera. Ndipo ngati munthu akudziwa zimene chomera dera, malinga ndi zimene malamulo akufotokozera, izo adzachita mosamala ndi mwanzeru.