Ngozi kumasuka mankhwala woopsawo: Zitsanzo

Panopa chikuwonjezereka osiyanasiyana mankhwala ntchito zapakhomo makampani komanso ulimi. Ambiri a iwo ali zoipa ndi poizoni. Mu ngozi ndi kutulutsidwa kwa mwadzidzidzi mankhwala zinthu woopsawo mu dera lomwe linakhudzidwa kupeza anthu, nyama, zomera, madzi, nthaka, mpweya, ndi osati m'dera. zotsatira tsoka athandize madera ozungulira. Tsopano tiyeni tione mwatsatanetsatane zimene zikuchitika ngozi ndi kutulutsidwa kwa mankhwala woopsawo. Zitsanzo za zina za milandu adzakhala anafotokoza m'nkhani.

Maphunziro

Ngakhale bungwe yophunzitsa ana amaphunzira za zomera, zomwe zingachitike ngozi, kumasuka woopsawo mankhwala. Safety moyo (kalasi 8) anayambitsanso ophunzira osati zimayambitsa chachikulu ngozi. Ana kulandira chidziwitso zoyambirira za momwe zinthu boma ngati zadzidzidzi. Komabe, izi si zonse zomwe muyenera kudziwa za ngozi ndi kutulutsidwa kwa mankhwala woopsawo. OBZH - izi chimango chitetezo, ndi mwa maphunziro angapo silingafotokoze vuto lonse. Ndipo ndalama lero zikuchepa zokwanira ndipo ali ndi gawo lonse.

General makhalidwe amakampani

Monga zinanenedwa pamwamba, mankhwala woopsawo ankagwiritsa ntchito mwa munthu lero. Ngati ife kulankhula za mafakitale, ndi nkhokwe yaikulu ali anaikira pa chitetezo, yadothi, kuyenga, zamkati ndi pepala mphero. Kumene, mankhwala poizoni ntchito makampani mankhwala a. Komanso, kuchuluka kwa zinthu zoipa alipo nyama ndi mkaka zomera, ogulitsa ozizira, pa zapansi malonda ndi malo. Pawiri poizoni angathe kuonedwa kuti zinthu nyumba. mabizinezi onsewa loopsa kwambiri. Nthawi zonse kuthekera kwa ngozi ndi kutulutsidwa kwa mankhwala woopsawo.

Main mankhwala zoipa

Ambiri ntchito padziko lonse mafakitale:

• Fluoride ndi bromide wa hydrogen.
• Benzene.
• Phosgene.
• Methyl mercaptan.
• Cyanide-ta.
• Sulfa woipa.
• Acrylonitrile.
• Ammonia.
• Haidrojeni sulfide.
• Chlorine.

Childs, mankhwala ambiri poizoni ali mu mawonekedwe a madzi kapena mpweya. Pa yosungirako, ntchito zamtengatenga zolinga kupanga gaseous mankhwala ndi kubweretsa boma madzi ndi psinjika. Zimenezi ntchito kuchepetsa voliyumu ya chakudya. Komabe, Mwina ngozi ndi kutulutsidwa kwa mankhwala woopsawo zikuchulukirachulukira.

gulu la ngozi

Mu ngozi ndi kutulutsidwa kwa mankhwala woopsawo amalenga zinkakhala m'dera. mankhwala poizoni angathe kuchitapo kanthu mwamsanga mu mlengalenga. Choncho, pamene ngozi kumasuka woopsawo mankhwala zinthu pawiri, amayenda pansi otaya mphepo ingafalire pa makumi makilomita. Pa nthawi yomweyo pa njira yawo wakumenya padziko lonse. Ngozi zadzidzidzi mankhwala kumasulidwa kwa zinthu woopsawo ali m'magulu malinga ndi sikelo m'dera matenda. Choncho, angagwe payekha, dera, malo, m'dera, padziko lonse ngoziyo. Gulu yamasika zikuphatikizapo ngozi kumasuka mwadzidzidzi mankhwala woopsawo zinthu m'dzikoli. Zitsanzo za masoka amenewa zimasonyeza kuti vuto la kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala poizoni mwa munthu.

MPC ndi "toksodoza"

chidule Choyamba umaimira "pazipita chovomerezeka ndende" poizoni. Komanso ndi lingaliro ili ntchito ndi akuti "toksodoza" (mlingo poizoni). matanthauzo Izi zimaonetsa katundu wa mankhwala zoipa. The pazipita kololeka zili - ndi ndende yakuti pa chikoka tsiku lililonse la munthu kwa nthawi yaitali sayambitsa kusintha matenda kapena pathological kuti angathe kuonedwa ntchito njira zamakono matenda. MPC amatanthauza tsiku maola asanu ndi atatu ntchito. chiwerengerochi si ntchito kuti aone zinthu zowonongeka ngozi ndi mwadzidzidzi amasulidwe woopsawo mankhwala zinthu. M'dziko maganizo "toksodoza" izo chimagwiritsidwa ntchito. chizindikiro amasonyeza kuchuluka kwa mankhwala amene angathe kuyambitsa zotsatira poizoni.

Features

Izo ziyenera kuti ngozi ndi kutulutsidwa kwa mankhwala woopsawo (chithunzi cha ena masoka awa akuimira m'nkhani), yodziwika ndi nthawi yochepa ya kanthu mwa zigawo zoipa. Ukulu wa kuwonongeka kwa chilengedwe ndi munthu zimadalira lonse ndi kawopsedwe wa mankhwala. Mu ngozi ndi kutulutsidwa kwa mankhwala woopsawo (zitsanzo dziko - umboni) izo amalenga ngozi osati kuchipatala, koma nthawi miyoyo ya anthu.

Ngozi kumasuka mwadzidzidzi mankhwala woopsawo zinthu: Zitsanzo Pe kunja

Mu 2012, pa January 17, izo zinadziwika za kuwonongeka m'tauni ya Brühl, pa imodzi mwa mafakitale popanga zipangizo. ngoziyi inkachitika mankhwala anachita, kupanga mtambo wa chlorine. ngozi anavulala anthu 39. Awa, chipatala anatumiza 16. Popeza chomera anali anasamutsidwa antchito 300. June 27, 2011 boma US wa Arkansas, mu imodzi mwa makampani a processing, ndi wokonza lalikulu ndi Tyson Zakudya nyama, ngoziyi inkachitika, zomwe zinachititsa chlorine poyizoni muli antchito 170. Monga tanenera ofalitsa m'deralo, chifukwa cha ngozi anali osakaniza mwachisawawa mankhwala osiyana poizoni. Pa nthawi yangozi pa chomera panafika anthu ogwira ntchito pafupifupi 600. Iwo kuchipatala anthu 173.

Mayendedwe mwadzidzidzi m'mayiko osiyanasiyana

May 20, 2012 pafupi ndi German yakumadzulo / siteshoni Mülheim msewu sitima yonyamula katundu onyamula mankhwala. Chifukwa cha zimenezi, ambiri Pe anakhetsa ndi sodium chloroacetate, phula ndi mafuta phula. Mkati mwa utali wozungulira wa 0,5 Km anali anasamutsidwa, ndi njanji yokha kanthawi kutsekedwa. Mu 2011, pa July 11 pafupi ndi tauni ya Debelets (Bulgaria) kugubuduza Pamadzi galimoto, akubwera kuchokera Turkey. ngoziyi inkachitika vinylbenzene kutayikira. Pafupifupi mamiliyoni 2.5 anthu anasamutsidwa kuchoka m'dera akhudzidwa. Mu chaka chomwecho, pafupi BUCKINGHAM Palace kwa galimoto anali akasinja ndi mankhwala. Chifukwa cha tsoka achoke kwa anthu kuti sanapangidwe. Komabe, akuluakulu cordoned kuchoka m'dera mu utali wozungulira wa mamita 25.

Ziwerengero za la Russia

Mu nthawi kuchokera 1985 mpaka mu 1990, woyamba mabizinezi zoweta anali pafupifupi 120 masoka akuluakulu. Zochitika zimenezi zimagwiritsidwa ndi yosungirako, mayendedwe ndi ntchito kupanga mankhwala poizoni. Chaka cha 1994, izo zinalembedwa pafupifupi zikwi ngozi ya mtundu uwu. Mu Russia lero ukugwira ntchito za 3000 mankhwala woopsawo zinthu.

malipoti ku boma latsopano la Russia

Ngozi kumasuka mankhwala woopsawo zitsanzo za zomwe zotchulidwa pa zifukwa zosiyanasiyana zinachitika. Tsoka ambiri zimachitika chifukwa cha zolakwa zina, kuwononga makina, depressurization ya akasinja, mwansanga zoyendera. Mu 2013, inali kudziŵika za ngozi mu Makhachkala. ngoziyi inkachitika pa chomera m'deralo zitsulo. Chifukwa, mpweya benzene udzu pa ngozi ya kupha anthu 2. Pe sanali limodzi ndi yoyaka ndi kuphulika. Pa kupulumutsidwa ntchito ogwira ntchito chomera anasamutsidwa. Sizinapezekebe mapulani ndi kuukira moyo wa anthu m'madera pafupi.

Nkhani mu 2012

Mwatsoka, ngozi ndi kutulutsidwa kwa mankhwala woopsawo mu Russia (zitsanzo angapezeke mu mabuku zambiri kuposa PP kufotokoza m'mayiko ena) ndi sizachilendo. Choncho, ngozi zikuluzikulu akuti mu 2012:

• M'dera Perm mu Berezniki, mu fakitale "Avisma" November 14 ngozi. tsoka ankanena za anthu atatu. anthu 21 anali m'chipatala pa ngozi imeneyi. Poyamba anauzidwa kuti kufa zinachitika chifukwa cha chlorine kutayikira. Komabe, monga anafotokoza pambuyo pake ndi oimira Utumiki wa Mkati, mu mpweya wakhala kunja irritant wina. Ngoziyi zinachitika kumalo a ntchito chifukwa cha ntchito ndi fani ndi wazimitsa.
• Mbewu "Devon", umene umabala ma polima mu N. Levashovo mu Vyborgsky m'dera SPb chifukwa litulukira 100 L metilzotsianata atatu anakhudzidwa.
• Mu Moscow pa June 12 refrigeration zomera amoniya umuna zinachitika mu buku la 1 lita imodzi. Pa nthawi yangozi pa dera la ogwira panali anthu 12. ogwira ntchito onse anasamutsidwa. Panalibe ovulala pa Ronaldo.
• Kumapeto kwa May, komanso mu Moscow, mmodzi wa zipatso ndi masamba zapansi anamasulidwa Freon. pawiri anali kuwagwiritsa ntchito kupanga aerosols ndi zonunkhira, kuti wozimitsa moto ndi mu kachitidwe refrigeration. Chifukwa cha mkhalidwe wa mwadzidzidzi wavutika 4 mwamuna.
• The Barrow May 19 m'dera chomera mankhwala anakhetsa 20 L chlorine munali pawiri. Itawonongedwa zinachitika mu shopu nambala 1 kupanga wagawo kupanga mankhwala. Pawiri anakhetsa pa malo a 10 mamita ^2. Chifukwa, mwadzidzidzi anavulala atatu.
• Mankhwala kutayikira pa "Korund" mbewu linalembedwa pa 17 May mumzinda wa Dzerzhinsk, Nizhny Novgorod chigawo. wantchito wina m'chipatala ndi poyizoni. akuvutika asanu ndi awiri anathandiza mu situ. The zipatala 8 anthu anafunsa pambuyo nkhaniyi.

Tsoka Russia mu 2010

Pa November 22, panali payipi yojambula mu umodzi wa zomera refrigeration kumpoto kwa Moscow. Zinali ammonia. PP chitoliro chifukwa depressurization. Motero amayamba chitetezo basi, umene chakudya amoniya mipingo. antchito kampani anasamutsidwa. palibe kuvulala akuti pangoziyi. Mu Yekaterinburg pa October 21 panali amasulidwe odorant (mankhwala woopsawo pawiri). Mphepo angapo chayamba kuchepa Berezovsky ndi Kalinovka. Akatswiri mofulumira anapeza kutayikira malo ndi oletsedwa izo. Kugwiritsa ntchito njira manganese, opulumutsa kubala neutralizing pawiri m'nthaka. Kuopseza sanali anthu. Mu usiku TH 14 15 TH wa February mu Krasnokamsk CJSC "Proihimperm" opangidwa ndi kusefukira kwa zosungunulira. Pa ntchito, payipi zinatseguka. Chifukwa, phula zinachititsa 2 m ³ zosungunulira. kugwirizana Sloped wopyoza kuchimbudzi kwa yoyenga ndi mu posungira. Chifukwa cha mkhalidwe wa mwadzidzidzi anakhalabe wopanda madzi anthu oposa zikwi 50, kotunga wakhala sakukhudzidwa pa nthawi ya kuwonongedwa kwa zotsatira za ngoziyo.

ngozi Transport ndi kutulutsidwa kwa zinthu mwadzidzidzi mankhwala woopsawo ku Russia: Zitsanzo

Mu 2012, pa February 6, m'chigawo Novosibirsk mu luso. Marsh ammonium hydroxide zinawukhira ku yakumadzulo / anthu d thanki. Pamene a chatsanulidwa kotala la kuchuluka kwa okhutira. Gawo la ammonia ndi otayika njira. Pamodzi ndi sitima yonyamula loyenda thanki anafika ku siteshoni. Himzavodskaya Kuibyshev yakumadzulo / e. Apo iye anali uncoupled ndipo anatumiza amaima. Chaka chimodzi zimenezi zisanachitike, mu 2011, kumayambiriro kwa November, kugubuduza Pamadzi ndi madzi ammonia. Kuchuluka okwana (12 m) unaturuka mozungulira 200 malita. Yafika moto anatsuka njira. Khosi la thanki linasindikizidwa. Pa siteshoni Chelyabinsk (Main) mu chaka chomwecho mu umodzi wa magalimoto anapezeka kusuta mu usiku wa September 1. Pamene afufuze chinapezeka kuti anali bromine mu muli galasi. Ambiri mwa anthuwa linathyoka. Ogwira ntchito siteshoni ngolo anali mwamsanga kusamutsidwa kwa mtunda otetezeka. Iwo anali billed cordon. Tsiku limodzi bromine litulukira wakhala kwathunthu inathetsedwa. Malinga komiti investigative, 132 anadwala likuchita utsi 52 a iwo anali kuwatumiza ku chipatala.

pomaliza

Si ngozi onse kumasuka mwadzidzidzi zinthu mankhwala woopsawo mu Russia. Zitsanzo m'nkhani yekha mwalamulo kudziwika milandu. Ena masoka sanalandire nkhani. Izi mwina chifukwa sikelo yawo. Komabe, kuyenera kuti chirichonse chimene chinali, Mulimonsemo mankhwala poizoni zoipa mpaka kalekale kwa anthu onse ndi chilengedwe. Ngozi kumasuka mankhwala oopsa mu Russia - mavuto aakulu akukumana boma. Nkhani onena kuteteza anthu ku mavuto amene poizoni. Kusintha chitetezo katundu, pofuna kupewa ngozi zokhudza kumasulidwa kwa zinthu mwadzidzidzi mankhwala woopsawo mu dongosolo Russian wa oyang'anira ayenera bwino, zida akweza, omangika malamulo a khalidwe mu makampani amenewa.