Ndi Bagration amatuluka Kodi

Bagration amatuluka - mfundo yomwe yakhala chizindikiro cha ungwazi wa msilikali Russian, kulimba mtima ndi usilikali. nthawi eyiti amalemekezeka akazembe Napoleon, pokhala ndi mwayi yaikulu anthu oti, anayesera kuti atenge izi zinawonongeka munda malinga. Nkhondo Bagration amatuluka n'kulola asilikali Russian kuyima pa munda wa Borodino. makolo athu ulemerero momveka bwino losagonjetseka Napoleon kuti asilikali Russian akupita kulimbana mapeto ndipo si chikupita kuphonya mdani likulu la dziko lake.

maganizo

Tisanafotokoze, ndiponso kumenyana Bagration amatuluka, mwachidule kunena za chiphunzitso cha.

Amatuluka - maonekedwe wakale za malinga kumunda, ongokhala awiri kudzazidwa. Kutalika pafupifupi aliyense anali 20-30 mamita. Aliyense ili pa ngodya ndi n'kupanga muvi akuloza ku mbali ya mdani. Choncho dzina: ku French mawu otanthauza "mivi". Amatuluka anali mtundu wina wa kumunda zosakhalitsa mini-m'malinga, amene anamanga pa mbali zofunika kwambiri. Ali okwanira anthu ndi mfuti zimene angathe kupirira alimbane a adani amphamvu. Ndipotu, kunja kwa buluu tinkamvetsa malinga ndi imene kumwedwa ndi mphepo ndi amphamvu.

M'mbiri komanso strategichskoe dzina

Bagration amatuluka - 4 munda zida zankhondo malinga kutalika - anali m'mudzi Semyonovskoe. Zinalengedwa kulimbikitsa udindo wa wachiwiri Western Army Petra Ivanovicha Bagrationa. Pa mapu njira ya lamulo Russian, iwo amatchedwa "Semenov amatuluka" ndipo dzina lake ndi mbiri yakale - Bagration amatuluka - analandira polemekeza wotchuka ngwazi pa nkhondo. P. I. Bagration anali pano analandira bala chotsimikizira kuti chakupha.

Bagration amatuluka: vuto m'munda wa Borodino

N'chifukwa chiyani Napoleon kuyesa analanda wamphamvu kumbuyo redoubt? Mfundo yakuti kwambiri French ambiri amenye anakonza kuukira chachikulu ndi oyenda amapereka mwa zida zankhondo pa pambali, pafupi ndi mudzi wa Semyonovskoe. Zimene zikuluzikulu nayembekeza aphwanye chitetezo Russian pa phiko ndi kupita kumbuyo kwa asilikali athu.

mphamvu za zipani

Wopambana pambali kuukira kumbuyo kwa asilikali Russian kuti kuloledwa kuti akanikizire mphamvu zazikulu za wathu mtsinjewo. Izi adzalola kuti kuwononga kwathunthu. Iwo anazindikira ndipo Kutuzov: yopapatiza gulu ndipo analenga zida zankhondo malinga atatu. Total Bagration allocated gawo 50 zipolopolo kutsogolo ndi 8 zikwi. Asilikali.

Napoleon allocated wamphamvu pambali kuukira 40 chikwi. Man. Iye anaona kuti ayenera kukhala zokwanira anagumula kumbuyo malinga pambali. Komabe, mkulu kwambiri pa nthawi ino kwambiri miscalculated: danga yopapatiza sikuloledwa kutsogolo kwa mzere kumbuyo mokwanira amapondereza mwayi lapadera. Komanso French Kodi kuganizira kulimbikira kwa asilikali Russian amene, mosiyana ndi kampeni European, nthawi imeneyi kuteteza kwawo kwa mdani wolusa.

Cholimbana amatuluka

Kumenyera Bagration amatuluka anayamba imodzi ndi kuukira kwa mdani kumudzi wa Borodino - 6 koloko m'mawa. Theka kilometre kum'mwera kumadzulo kwa malinga a unali mudzi Utitsa. Pakati ndi kung'anima mu nkhalango kubisala Russian woyang'anira kuteteza mtima wa ntchito French mozungulira kudutsa mu nkhalango.

Ngakhale pamaso nkhondo polimbana Davoust m'mphepete mwa nkhalango Utitskogo anayamba kumanga nsanja kwa nkhondo. Apa, zida zankhondo yathu ndi anapezerapo salvo chake choyamba pa mdani pafupifupi mfundo-kanthu, ndi dinstantsii mamita 500, sakupereka mdani ufulu mawonekedwe mu ndime ya. The French anayamba amakhala awiri pamaso nkhondo. mdani, nawonso, bungwe mabatire atatu 102 mfuti ndi kilometre ku amatuluka ndipo anayamba moto. Komabe, kumvetsera konse kwa zida zankhondo Russian anali riveted kwa mizati oyenda.

Pamene tikuyandikira pa mtunda wa mamita 200 wa zida zankhondo Russian anasamukira ku pafupipafupi moto grapeshot. Ndipotu mfuti anatembenukira kwa mfuti za makina, zomwe abutment kuwombera mdani yachiwiri.

Tiyenera kuzindikira kuti njira za nkhondo pa nthawi imeneyo zinali zosiyana kwambiri ndi Nthawi ina: pankhondo ya mkokomo wa ng'oma anali paraded asilikali mizati. Ngati French Mwachitsanzo, kukwawa kapena kusuntha pa pake, iwo akanati yomweyo zokhalamo. Komabe, nkhondo nthawi zonse zikuchitika m'madera lotseguka ing'onoing'ono, dongosolo ndime Napoleon ndi nthawi mwayi. Apa zinali zosiyana: pa yopapatiza gawo m'dera anali kumbuyo redoubts, amene, monga mfuti ya makina, "Ndimatchetcha pansi" ndime ya mdani.

Pambuyo mfuti Russian anayamba kuwononga tithe French ndi grapeshot pa osiyanasiyana pafupi, yotsirizira ankakayikira anaiyamba kuukira zina. Kachitsotso chatha anali ngati mfuti salvo kwa woyang'anira nkhalango. mdani anayamba abwerere. Komabe, adzasonkhanitsa ndi ankhondo kachiwiri atuma anyankhondo kuukira.

Ndipo nkhondo kunachitika: French anaukira, anabwerera, kumangidwanso, ndiye anaukira kachiwiri, kuvutika zomvetsa kwambiri. Russian M'malo mwake, Musatenge zomvetsa ikuluikulu ya maola loyamba la nkhondo. oyenda wathu ouziridwa, powona kuti mdani akuvutika zomvetsa.

Onse Atengedwa kuukira eyiti pa Bagration amatuluka. The French kuti osati watwya mphamvu potenga mizere kumbuyo, komanso ntchito mpaka nkhokwe zake zonse, zimene zinali zofunika bwino chitukuko nkhani ya watulukira. Adzasonkhanitsa anakhumudwa, Napoleon oponderezedwa kwambiri, ndipo asilikali ake anataya chikhulupiriro mwa invincibility wake. Russian ndinapitiriza udindo wawo.

kuukira chitatu

Ndi chakudya chamasana, zinaonekeratu kuti nkhonya zazikulu umalimbana pa amatuluka French Bagration. 400 mfuti anayamba ndi kuotcha kuti redoubts Russian kumbuyo. Iwo anaponyedwa zina 45 chikwi. Man. Bagration akhoza wolimba 15 okha zikwi Anthu. Ndi mfuti 300.

Kutuzov anazindikiranso kufunika kwa gawo lino la kutsogolo. Analamula kuti apakavalo kuwala yolambalalitsira pambali mdani ndi kukantha pa kumbuyo kwa mdani. Izi zinali zofunikira kuti alimbikire malo a French, musataye iwo kuponya magulu awo onse Bagration. Pa nthawi yomweyo kuti anapatsidwa kusamutsa mphamvu zonse pambali, koma nthawi zofunika izi. The French anathamangira kwa alimbane ndi. Panthawi imeneyi, chapamwamba kwambiri analola kuswa pa kung'anima lapansi. Bagration ndi kuwaponya mphamvu zawo zonse, melee sikunathe imene mtsogoleri yekha n'kufa. Amatuluka unatengedwa, koma lonse la dongosolo Napoleon chinaonekera: pambuyo asilikali Russian anayamba kupanga chitetezo zochokera zolinga yeniyeni ya mdani.

Bagration amatuluka, "Nkhondo ndi Mtendere"

The zochitika zofunika kwambiri nkhondo ya Borodino, zikupezeka mu buku L. N.Tolstogo "Nkhondo ndi Mtendere". Bagration amatuluka izo penapake "anataya". Zonse mwa zochitika zikuluzikulu za nkhondo ya Borodino nkhondo, wolemba zikugwirizana ndi batire Rajewski, imene imakhudza munthu a m'nkhaniyi - Per Bezuhov.

Zotsutsana mu buku anena za Bagration: "Iye ali opusa, koma iye ali zinachitikira, maso ndi mtima ..." (Volume 3, Part 1, Chapter VI.), Koma nthawi yomweyo "... bwino - Bagration yekha Napoleon anavomereza izi ... ". Lingaliro buku la "kupusa" ndi otsutsa malingaliro a "olimba mtima." L. N. Tolstoy momveka bwino ana kuti Bagration - munthu wolimba, ndi wolimba wankhondo, koma monga ambiri si angathe mawerengedwe mwankhanzaku ndi lamulo bwino. Izi njira zina anatsimikizira komanso kunkhondo: Bagration amatuluka anaponya nkhokwe zake zonse, ndipo anapitiriza kuukira pa mutu wa asilikali ake, anali wovulala.

zotsatira

M'nkhani ino tinalalikira zimene Bagration amatuluka: tanthauzo anapatsidwa, anafotokoza kufunika kumenyana iwo zotsatira za Nkhondo ya Borodino, mphamvu ya zipani. Inde, ngakhale ungwazi asilikali Russian, nkhondo anataya. Komabe, izi zili choncho, zimene iwo amati, "walephera nkhondo koma akapambana nkhondo."