M'mayiko bajeti: lolemekezeka

Bajeti ya dziko - dziwe la ndalama kuti ntchito ndi maboma awo ndalama zochita zawo. Ndi mtundu wa ziwerengero dziko la ndalama zolowa. State bajeti interacts angapo mayunitsi a zachuma. Ndi mothandizidwa ndi ndalama izo kuthandiza mafakitale zingamuthandize ndi kiyi.

mfundo zofunika

Bajeti ya dziko angapo mbali. Kapangidwe umadalira pa zinthu zingapo, zofunika pakati awa ndi utsogoleri-Kupititsa Kapangidwe ka boma. bajeti Nthawi zambiri ndi boma ndi kuvomelezedwa ndi nyumba yamalamulo kapena ena wapamwamba malamulo thupi. Tikumbukenso kuti mfundo anatuluka mkubwela kwa boma. Komabe, mawonekedwe a chikalata ovomerezedwa ndi wapamwamba malamulo thupi anapeza yekha ndi kudza kwa ulamuliro bourgeoisie lapansi. Zachuma otchedwa dipatimenti chuma, zomwe amachita ndi kuphedwa kwa bajeti, mwachitsanzo, kusunga ndi kugwiritsa ntchito ndalama zake.

chikalata ichi akupereka ndalama ndi ndalama kwa chaka. Nthawi zambiri n'komwe nthawi 1 January 31 December. Motero chimasonyeza asapita ndalama kuti kuwuka kwa boma anthu ndi mabungwe alamulo ndi kulemekeza kusokonekera ndalama anthu. Pamafunikanso nkhani ziwiri. Revenues amayambira kupyolera:

• Misonkho. Iwo ali ndi udindo ndi chapakati ndi makonsolo.
• Non-msonkho amachotsera. Mwachitsanzo, ndalama pa malonda yachilendo kapena pangano katundu, amene wokwatibwa ndi boma.
• Seigniorage. Ndiko, kupindula kwa nkhani ya ndalama.
• Ndalama kuchokera ndalama kukhulupirirana ndi wamba.

Mu Russia, za 84% ya revenues bajeti anachokera revenues msonkho.

Mowa - izi ndi zipangizo wotumidwa ndi boma ndalama zolinga zawo zenizeni ndi zolinga. M'maonekedwe zazikulu za citukuko maganizo, iwo anawagawa m'magulu awa:

• zogula boma.
• Zosintha.
• Utumiki ngongole anthu.

ndalama akhoza ling'ambika ndipo cholinga chawo anafuna:

• Zolinga za ndale. Pano mukhoza kusankha ndalama chitetezo ndi zida boma.
• Pa zolinga zachuma. Izi mtengo wa yokonza m'boma ndi ang'onoang'ono payekha.
• Zolinga chikhalidwe. Izi ndi ndalama za penshoni, ankamvetsa ndi maphunziro, komanso maphunziro, umoyo, sayansi ndi zoteteza chilengedwe.

Mu nkhani zakale

Lingaliro la bajeti mu dziko anaonekera m'ma 18. Zokhala ndi ndalama ndi ndalama za boma ali Sir Robert Walpole. Pa nthawi imeneyo, iye anali Chancellor wa Exchequer, nafuna kubwezeretsa chidaliro cha anthu dongosolo pambuyo kugwa kwa South Nyanja Company mu 1720. Mu 1733-mamita Walpole analengeza mapulani ake oyamba a msonkho excise pa kumwa zosiyanasiyana, kuphatikizapo vinyo ndi fodya. Katundu msonkho pa anthu olemekezeka, pa mwake, anafuna kuchepetsa. Unachititsa yoweyula anakwiya anthu. Iwo lofalitsidwa kabuku kakuti "Bajeti lidzatsegulidwa, kapena yankho kapepala a." Mlembi wake anali William Pulteney. Iye ndiye anali woyamba ntchito mawu akuti "bajeti" mogwirizana ndi mfundo zachuma a boma. Walpole kanthu chinathetsedwa. Koma ndi zolembedwa m'ma 18 m'zaka za ndalama ndi boma ndalama wakhala zofala m'mayiko olemera.

mitundu ya bajeti

Kawirikawiri atatu. The kuchepekedwa ambiri. Izi zikutanthauza kuti ndalama boma upambana revenues. Kuonetsetsa kuchepekedwa ndalama, zachuma ndi chachikulu. bajeti zochuluka zimachitika ngati revenues upambana ndalama. Izi ndi zinthu m'malo osowa. Njira ndi bajeti moyenera. Amatanthauza kuti revenues ndalama ofanana. Ndi kuti boma la zochitika anakhumba ndi mayiko onse a dziko lapansi.

kusankhidwa

Mu bajeti ya dziko pali ntchito zinayi zikuluzikulu:

• Kufalitsa. Izi zikutanthauza kuti bajeti aumbike likuvutika ndalama centralized ndi ntchito misinkhu yosiyanasiyana ya boma. yogawa ndalama amalimbikitsa moyenera chitukuko m'madera.
• Kudzutsa. Boma mothandizidwa ndi bajeti asaaonerera pa chuma dziko. Mwina makamaka patsogolo kapena ziletsa mlingo kukula kwa linanena bungwe m'madera ena.
• Social. Bajeti kudziunjikira ndalama kuti angagwiritsidwe ntchito zaumoyo, maphunziro, chikhalidwe ndi kuthandiza anthu ovutika.
• Control. Boma kuonetsetsa polandirira msonkho komanso kugwiritsa ntchito ndalama bajeti.

mfundo kalembera

Akukhulupirira kuti bajeti iliyonse ayenera kukhala wangwiro, ogwirizana kwenikweni ndi poyela. Kuyambira kugwilizana ndi mfundo izi zimatengera pa yonena za boma, komanso bwino ndi liwiro la chitukuko cha chuma cha dziko. Pansi chokwanira zinatanthauza kuti bajeti kwenikweni ndalama zonse zolowa ndi ayenera kukhala mbali. Onse sizinalembedwe mthunzi chuma ndipo kumathandiza kuwonjezeka chitukuko m'goli. umodzi bajeti akusonyeza pamaso pa chikalata umodzi, umene ndalama zonse ndalama anawagawira m'njira inayake. Choncho, chingayerekezedwe ndi Mosiyana. Zenizeni kapena, ngati iwo amatchedwa mfundo imeneyi, zoti Yesu bajeti limasonyeza kuti nkhani zonse chikalata ichi akhale ololera ndi zolondola. Kuchita izi, ndipo akhale mtsutso anthu ndi chilolezo cha nyumba yamalamulo wa boma. Monga yotsirizira ndi kulumikizana ndi mfundo imeneyi n'kofunika omasukirana. Kumaphatikizaponso kufunika nthawi malipoti ntchito bajeti ndi matupi osiyanasiyana.

Zachuma monga bungwe yapadera ndalama

bungwe The chikuchita ndi kuphedwa ndalama za bajeti. M'mayiko osiyanasiyana mwina maina osiyana. Komabe, onse Zachuma amachita akonzedwa ofanana mbali. Pakati pawo:

• Kuonetsetsa kuti revenues onse bajeti.
• Chitsimikizo cha kudzipereka boma ndalama.
• Kupanga ndalama m'malo mwa olandira ndalama ku boma.

Ndalama ya mayiko m'dziko 2017

chizindikiro ichi angaonedwe m'njira zosiyanasiyana. Mwachitsanzo, ponena za ndalama waukulu wa mayiko mu dziko, mukhoza kuganizira ndalama (zotsala) kuchepekedwa kukula. Taonani dziko loyamba m'dziko mawu a ndalama. mayiko ndalama osiyanasiyana bajeti kwa $ 3.4 thililiyoni mu US ndi 1 miliyoni mu Pitcairn Islands. Pamwamba asanu chizindikiro zimenezi zimaphatikizapo, kuwonjezera pa United States, m'mayiko monga China, Japan, Germany ndi France. Iwo ndi atsogoleri kwa ndalama. Koma zochititsa chidwi kwambiri oveteredwa mayiko kuchepekedwa bajeti ya dziko (zochuluka). Mu malo oyamba - Germany. bajeti ake zotsala madola US biliyoni 23. Pamwamba asanu lilinso m'mayiko monga Norway, Macau, Switzerland ndiponso Iceland. Ngati tikambirana kuchuluka zochuluka, atsogoleri ndi ochepa limati zina. Izi Macau, Tuvalu, Iceland, Palau ndi Turkey ndi Caicos Islands.

The ndondomeko ya asilikali a dziko

chizindikiro ichi kuchita masamu ndi magulu awiri. Malinga ndi Stockholm Mayiko Institute Research Mtendere, bajeti ankhondo a mayiko m'dzikoli kuposa madola biliyoni 1,686 mu 2017. Ichi ndi 2.2% ya dziko aakulu mankhwala zoweta. Mu malo oyamba mu mawu a dera anatipatsa ndalama United States. Mu 2017, anakhala biliyoni 611,2 kapena 3.3% ya GDP. Pa tsiku lachiwiri - China. Koma ndalama pafupifupi katatu zosakwana United States - madola 215,7 yekha biliyoni, kapena 1,9% ya GDP. Mu atsogoleri atatu m'gulu Russia. RF ntchito pa dera lankhondo madola biliyoni 69,2 kapena 5.3% ya GDP. Pamwamba asanu chizindikiro ichi lilinso m'mayiko monga Saudi Arabia ndi India. Malinga ndi Institute Mayiko kwa Studies Strategic, malo oyamba mu ndalama nkhondo monga United States, ndipo chachiwiri - China. Koma ndiye pali mayiko monga Saudi Arabia, Russia, UK ndi India. Iwo ndi osiyana pang'ono ndi ziwerengero okha, koma si kofunika.

bajeti ndi chimodzi mwa zida zofunika kwambiri za lamulo la boma. M'pofunika kusamala banja, kukonza ndi kupititsa patsogolo chuma cha dziko.