Fuko Mishel: Wambiri ndi Philosophy

Fuko Mishel mwa m'nthawi yake ankaona kuti nzeru kwambiri choyambirira ndi mwapang'onopang'ono France. The malangizo chachikulu cha ntchito yake - kuphunzira chiyambi anthu ndi nkhani za mbiri yakale, maganizo a anthu cha wadwala matenda okhudza ubongo ndi lingaliro kwambiri matenda a maganizo.

Childhood. mwana

Mishel Fuko anabadwa pa October 15, 1926 kum'mwera m'tauni yaing'ono zigawo. banja lake a madokotala mafumu: bambo ake ndi agogo, onse wokwatibwa ndi ntchito. Iwo ankayembekezera kuti mdzukulu wamkulu ndi mwana kupitiriza ntchito yawo kupita pa njira ya thanzi, koma ngakhale kuthamanga, mnyamatayo kumbuyo ufulu wawo kudziletsa kuzindikira mwina anasamuka mankhwala metaphysics. kupatulapo wina ulamuliro panali duality cha dzina lake. Mu banja lake panali mwambo - onse oyamba-borns kupereka m'dzina la Paulo, koma mayi Paulo anaitana mwana wake Michel, ndi mwana anasankha pamene mwanayo anamutcha dzina chachiwiri. Choncho, zikalata zonse boma amaonekera ngati Paulo, koma anthu umadziwika monga Mishel Fuko. yonena wake ndi maganizo ndithu.

Tsogolo Katswiri, mbiri komanso wafilosofi, anali mu sukulu yabwino mkulu mu France, koma analephera kukumana ndi ophunzira anzanu. Avereji ya maphunziro yomweyo analandira pa anatseka misewu Nazi ku Ulaya, ndipo zimenezi zinakhudza kwambiri monga munthu, wasintha ngodya za masomphenya ake. Chirichonse chimene chinachitika pa nthawi imene mfundo anatsimikiza ndi tsoka la anthu, angathe kumwedwa pa maziko a maziko makhalidwe masiku ano zikuyenela a anthu. Anthu ankaganiza mosiyana, kusinthika miyoyo yawo mofulumira, ndipo si bwino, choncho anali kumbali ya miyeso kwakukulu.

achinyamata

Utatha yunivesite mu 1946, moyo watsopano amayamba chifukwa makumi awiri Michel. Ndipo kunali kopitirira kwambiri kuposa kale. ophunzira onse zoipa wosweka udindo za tsogolo lawo, chifukwa yunivesite anali ngati anthu otchuka monga Sartre ndi Canguilhem, analibe nthawi kulemba dzina lake m'makalata agolidi mbiri. Kubwereza kapena kuposa njira zawo, anayenera kukhala kwambiri chosiyana ndi zina.

Pa nkhani imeneyi, Fuko Mishel anapanga kanjedza. Iye ankadziwa modabwitsa mwakhama luso ntchito, kuphunzira ntchito. Komanso ake maphunziro mokwanira, Izitu n'zovutitsa ndi caustic Monyoza ndi osayanjanitsika m'kalasi akudwala nkhanza wake. Chifukwa cha zimenezi, a m'kalasi anayamba kupewa iye, ankaganiza kuti iye anali zaipa. kumangika amenewa anachititsa chakuti Mishel Fuko anayesera kuti atenge moyo wake zaka ziwiri pambuyo ndipa. chochitika koyamba napita naye kuchipatala maganizo a St. Anne. machitidwe ake mbali zabwino komabe anali, chifukwa rector anatsindika wophunzira kusokonekera kwa chipinda osiyana.

akuthandizeni

Choyamba, chifukwa amene nzeru zapamwamba Mishel Fuko anatha kutenga malo m'tsogolo, zinali Zhak Lakan Gyusdorf. Zinali iye amene anakonza zoti nkhani ophunzira awo pa maganizo, anawatenga ku chipatala cha St. Anne a maphunziro othandiza. Wotsatira unali Al-Louis Tyusser, kupitiriza mwambo wa kuloŵedwa m'malo mwake ponena za maphunziro za ophunzira. Fuko Mishel, ngakhale mbiri, akhoza kupanga mabwenzi kwa zaka zambiri.

katswiri

Mu 1948, Sorbonne amapereka wolemba digiri mu nzeru. Patapita chaka Institute of Psychology Paris zimamuthandiza dipuloma yake, ndipo patapita zaka zinayi Fuko Mishel maphunziro kusukulu chomwecho, koma kale psychopathology zapaderazi. A zambiri nthawi yambiri ntchito nzeru zapamwamba mu Anne Hospital St.. Iye amapita ku mayeso zachipatala mu ndende, kunyumba kwa odwala, kuphunzira moyo wawo ndi chikhalidwe chopweteka. Chifukwa maganizo amenewa odwala, ntchito yaikulu aluntha analimbikitsa ano Mishel Fuko. Wambiri mwachidule Limati nthawi imeneyi moyo wake, chifukwa iye si amakhalamo. Chipatala anali mmodzi wa ambiri ndiye France. Iye analibe ubwino uliwonse kwambiri kapena kuipa ndi kubala chidwi m'malo ogwetsa pamene inu muyang'ana pa izo kupyolera mu maso a dokotala masiku ano.

chiphunzitso

zaka zisanu, kuchokera 1951 mpaka 1955, Fuko Mishel anaphunzitsa pa Ecole Normale Supérieure ndi kutsanzira akuthandizeni awo, nawonso, kumabweretsa ophunzira kuchipatala cha St. Anna pa maulendo ndi nkhani. Sidali nyengo lotanganidwa mu moyo wa nzeru zapamwamba za. Pa nthawi yomweyo, amayamba ntchito pa buku lake "The History wa misala", motsogozedwa ndi Marxism ndi existentialism - otchuka nthanthi mafunde a nthawi. Pofuna kubwereza chipambane Sartre ndi kukhala maphunziro a bungwe chimodzimodzi, wasayansi wofuna anafuna mpata uliwonse kusintha chilengedwe chake. Iyeyu anali kuphunzira German kuwerenga ntchito za Heidegger, Husserl ndi Nietzsche.

Kuyambira Nietzsche ndi Hegel - Foucault

Patapita zaka, pamene mtima wake kwa Marxism ndi existentialism anasintha, kulemekeza ntchito Nietzsche amakhalabe moyo wonse. Chikoka Chake Tingaone ntchito ina ya Foucault. Izo zinali izi nzeru zapamwamba German anamutengera lingaliro wa makolo, ndiye kuphunzira mbiri ya chiyambi cha mfundo, zinthu ndi maganizo.

Wina chikupereka zilandiridwenso Mishel Fuko anakakamizika Hegel. Kapena kani, mphunzitsi wake Hippolyte, amene anali kutsatira odzipereka a Hegelianism. Ndi ouziridwa nzeru za m'tsogolo kuti ngakhale nkhani yolembedwa zoyenera kwa kusanthula ntchito za Hegel.

Marxism

Mishel Fuko, yonena ndi nzeru amene zapiringizana ndi kayendedwe pandale ku Ulaya pa nthawi imeneyo, kuloŵa Party Communist mu 1950. Koma kukhumudwa maganizo awa mofulumira, ndipo patatha zaka zitatu masamba "ofiira" zino. Ali kumeneko yochepa chipani Foucault amalowerera apeze ophunzira a Ecole Normale Superieure ndi bungwe ngati bwalo la zinthu. Institute bwalo inasanduka kutsutsana kalabu, mtsogoleri amene anali, ndithudi, Michelle. Izi chikhumbo cha kusintha maganizo lolingana pakati pa achinyamata singalifotokoze chakuti ubwana wawo ndi unyamata zinachitika pa Nkhondo Yachiwiri ya Dziko Lonse, ndipo mnyamata - m'kati kusokonekera kwa mitundu ya chikoka pakati pa USSR ndi Ulaya. Iwo ankaona kuti zozizwitsa, ndi moona amaona zochita, ndipo aliyense wa iwo kudzionetserapo fundo chipani mu kampira chikondi. Umembala mu Party Communist anawapatsa mwayi kuyandikira maloto awo.

Features wa chipanichi, tione yovuta pa mfundo ozungulira, kusiyiratu zakuthwa zolinga bourgeois zikugwirizananso ndi ntchito ya Foucault. Koma, monga mwa nthawi zonse, pang'ono pa njira ina kuposa kuchita. Ambiri ndi chidwi pa maubwenzi mphamvu. Koma si ziwonetsa motsimikiza pankhaniyi, ndipo anthu covertly pano anthu: kholo ndi mwana, mphunzitsi ophunzira, madokotala ndi odwala, Wolakwayo woyang'anira. More mwatsatanetsatane nzeru zapamwamba kumvetsa ndi kufotokoza ubale wa zamaganizo ndi munthu wadwala matenda okhudza ubongo.

maulendo

Moyo mu France ndi kutopa Michel Foucault, ndipo mopupuluma ankanyamula matumba wake, anasiya kupita. amasiya wake woyamba anali Sweden, kenako Poland ndi Austria-Hungary. Nthawi imeneyi, pali ntchito yogwira pa "History wa misala." Nthawiyi moyo wake khalidwe la Ambiri Amakonda ena mmene anaona Mishel Fuko ( "Wambiri"). Photos of zowoneka za maiko osiyanasiyana ndipo ngakhale maiko, ife Muolowetsa latsopano, anataya nzeru za anthu. Iye lectured mu Brazil, Japan, Canada, ndi USA, Tunisia.

banja

Kumapeto kwa moyo wake, munthu uyu aluso anali anapeza malo amene anali wokhoza kukhala osangalala. Kufunafuna yaitali chifukwa zovuta omvetsetsa ndi kuvomereza anthu Loona za mmene anakhala ndi ntchito monga Mishel Fuko. pamoyo wake wakhala chinsinsi, kuyambira amuna kapena akazi okhaokha m'mayiko chikominisi okonda si mowonekera aŵiri. Koma mu California, US, zinthu sizinali choncho zoipa. Pali analipo ndi zosokoneza osiyana anthu ndi gay iwo anamenyera ufulu wao, manyuzipepala ndi magazini. Mwina ndi moyo ndi mukopedwe kuchoka mofulumira moyo Foucault a. M'dzinja 1983 nzeru zapamwamba lomaliza anapita United States, ndi m'chilimwe cha 1984 kufa ku mapeto gawo HIV - AIDS.

afterword

Kuphunzira a misala monga kupatuka munthu ku chikhalidwe ndi chitukuko, maganizo anthu a cha wadwala matenda okhudza ubongo, zimene zimachitika pakati pa dokotala ndi mtima kukhulupirira Foucault ankaganiza kuti palibe amene sanapite vutoli kuchokera mkati mwa dera anthu. M'buku lake - si mbiri za maganizo, koma njira ya chitukuko ndi kukhazikitsidwa kwa anthu monga mwambo.

Iye anali chidwi mbali mmene misala pa chikhalidwe cha nthawi imene amagwira osauka. Iye adayandikira kufanana pakati pa lothandiza mbiri ndi waukulu, malinga ndi kampani, kusonyeza misala, ndiye umaonekera mabuku, ndakatulo, kujambula zithunzi za nthawi. Ndipotu anthu a luso ndimachita kukhulupirira kuti wadwala matenda okhudza ubongo amadziŵa ena chinsinsi cha moyo wa munthu ndi tinganene kuti ngati choonadi chapamwamba, koma mulibe choonadi nthawi zonse zabwino ndi zosangalatsa, anthu "olimba" ayenera wokhala ndi mpanda wolimba ku mabvumbulutso a "kudwala".