Mpweya Kaonekedwe

Kuti mbali ya m'mlengalenga, umene uli pafupi ndi Dziko lapansi ndi zomwe, motero, kupuma munthu, wotchedwa troposphere. The troposphere ali kutalika kwake ndi makilomita asanu ndi anayi kwa khumi ndi osakaniza makina mpweya zosiyanasiyana.

Zikuchokera mpweya alibe mosalekeza. Malinga malo enieni mtunda, nyengo, kachulukidwe anthu, mpweya ukhoza kukhala zosiyanasiyana ndi katundu osiyana. Mpweya akhoza akatulutsidwa kapena gassy, kapena katundu watsopano - zonse izi zikutanthauza kuti pali zina zosafunika.

Komabe, izi amaona kuti kukhala gawo muyezo wa mpweya monga kuchuluka ndi:

- asafe - peresenti 78,9;

- mpweya - peresenti 20,95;

- mpweya woipa - peresenti 0,3.

Komanso pali ena mumlengalenga mpweya (helium, argon, Neon, xenon, krypton, wa hydrogen, radon, Mpweya umene), ndi nitrous oxide, ndi nthunzi. Uwerenge zimakwana pang'ono zosakwana gawo limodzi.

Ndi ofunika mungawafotokozere kukhalapo mu mlengalenga zosafunika ena okhazikika chiyambi zachilengedwe, makamaka, ena mwa mankhwala gaseous, amene anapanga chifukwa cha njira chilengedwe ndi mankhwala. anatchulidwa mwapadera pakati pawo oyenera amoniya (zikuchokera mpweya kutali ndi kumene anthu zikuphatikizapo thousandths pafupifupi zitatu mpaka zisanu mamiligalamu pa mita kiyubiki), dziko (mlingo wake wofanana avareji awiri zikwi khumi mamiligalamu pa mita kiyubiki), oxides asafe (mumlengalenga ndende malire mamiligalamu pafupifupi khumi khumi pa mita kiyubiki), sulfide wa hydrogen, ndi mapulogalamu ena gaseous.

Kuwonjezera zosafunika vaporous ndi gaseous, mipweya ya mpweya ameneŵa danga chiyambi fumbi imagwera pa padziko lapansi mu kuchuluka matani asanu zikwizikwi pa kilometre lalikulu pa chaka, komanso fumbi lomwe kufika pa kuphulitsa mapiri.

Komabe, kusintha kwambiri (osati yabwino) zikuchokera mpweya ndi zinthu zodetsa troposphere wotchedwa nthaka (mbewu, nthaka) fumbi ndi utsi wa moto nkhalango. Makamaka zambiri fumbi misa chokhala ndi mpweya wochokera mu zipululu a ku Central Asia ndi Africa. N'chifukwa chake amene anganene motsimikiza kuti mwangwiro oyera chilengedwe mpweya kulibe, ndipo ndi lingaliro kuti alipo yekha chiphunzitso.

Zikuchokera mpweya amamuchititsa amasinthasintha, ndi yofanana zachilengedwe imakhala yokwanira kumathandiza zazing'ono, makamaka poyerekeza ndi zotheka zotsatira za chisokonezo wake yokumba. Matenda oterowo makamaka kugwirizana ndi zochita za anthu mafakitale ntchito zipangizo kukonza banja, komanso magalimoto. matenda amenewa kungachititse, kuphatikizapo mpweya ndi denaturation, mwachitsanzo kusiyana kutchulidwa ya kapangidwe kake ndi katundu anthu mu mlengalenga.

Awa ndi zambiri zochita zina anthu zinachititsa chakuti mbali yaikulu ya mpweya anayamba kukumana pang'onopang'ono ndi zonyozeka, komabe mwamtheradi sizingasinthe kusintha. Mwachitsanzo, asayansi amati mu zaka makumi asanu zapitazi, anthu akhala akugwiritsidwa ntchito za yofanana mpweya monga yapita zaka miliyoni, monga kuchuluka ndi - awiri peresenti ya katundu wake kwathunthu mu mlengalenga. Choncho mogwirizana ndi kuchuluka mpweya mpweya woipa mu mlengalenga lapansi m'chimake. Izi kutulutsidwa kwa deta atsopano wafika pafupifupi mazana anai biliyoni matani oposa zaka otsiriza zana.

Choncho, zikuchokera mpweya kusintha kwambiri, ndi zovuta kuganizira mmene zidzakhalire zaka zochepa.