Mtsogoleri wa wamba zigawenga asilikali Gerasim Kurin: yonena, zikayenda bwino ndi mfundo zosangalatsa

Mbiri ya nkhondo ya 1812 amadziwika Russia kwambiri yekha mu mawu ambiri. Komanso, mayina ambiri otchulidwa, makamaka anthu kwa anthu, adzaweruzidwa aiwala kapena bwino kokha kwa akatswiri. Ngakhale Gerasim Kurin pakati dziko lawo wosadziwika amene anamenyera ufulu wa dzikolakwathu, ndipo dzina lake m'gulu mabuku sukulu, yonena mwatsatanetsatane za zigawenga wotchuka ndithu chidwi onse amene sanyalanyaza mbiri ya dziko lawo.

magwero

Kurin Gerasim Matveevich anabadwa m'mudzi wa Pavlovo Parish Vohonskoy, pafupi Moscow, mu 1777. atate wake ndi amake, ndipo, kotero, iye analibe serfs. Mfundo yakuti Paulo pansi Ivan m'khutu linakhala cholowa cha Utatu-Sergio ansembe yotchedwa, ndipo pambuyo kusiya kupembedza a m'mayiko mpingo, imene Catherine II, kunditumiza ku gulu la boma. Choncho, Gerasim Kurin anali otchedwa mlimi zachuma. Anthu ndi udindo izi kawirikawiri chinkhoswe mu ulimi dziko waukulu a landlords lapansi. ntchito zawo zinali zamanja, malonda ndi ntchito zamanja.

Wambiri Kurina Gerasima Matveevicha (mwachidule) mpaka 1812

Information zimene kuthana mwachindunji ndi ngwazi-olimbanawo kuti kuwukira Napoleon ya Russia, pafupifupi aliyense. Ofufuza amasonyeza kuti iye ntchito mu shopu atate wake, limene liri amakhala ndalama zabwino, ndipo banja lawo linayamba ulemu m'mudzimo.

Gerasim Matveyevich anakwatira Anne Savinoy, amene anachokera ku banja ogulitsa. Atakwatitsidwa anali 2 ana: Terence ndi Anton. Anyamata pa chiyambi cha nkhondo panali 13 8 zaka motero.

Zimene zikuchitika ku madera wotanganidwa

Kulowa kwa asilikali Napoleon ku Moscow mu chaka cha 1812 sanadutsitse agonje kwa Russia monga ankaganizira mfumu French. M'malo mwake, m'mayiko onse wotanganidwa anayamba magulu zigawenga zokha m'bungwe, amene asilikali ake anayamba kumva kusowa chakudya chochuluka. Izi kukakamiza lamulo French akonzekeretse asilikali foraging mbali zonse za likulu. Popeza nthawi zambiri anaukira, Napoleon allocated polimbana Ney asilikali 4000 a oyenda ndi apakavalo, komanso mabatire angapo zida zankhondo. likulu kudziwika French mkulu wa asilikali anaika mu Borovsk, kumene analamula ntchito foraging ndi kuteteza mayunitsi awo. Limodzi la magulu awa, "chakudya alenje" ali ku mudzi wa Paulo, kumene ankakhala Gerasim Kurin ndi banja lake.

gulu detachment

Ataphunzira kuti foragers French pa njira kumudzi, iye gulu la alimi 200 ndipo anayamba kumenyana. Posakhalitsa anayamba kulowa okhala m'midzi yoyandikana, ndipo chiwerengero cha zigaŵenga zankhondo anafikira anthu 5800 kuphatikizapo okwera 500. Chifukwa chachikulu zimene zimachititsa anthu kutenga zida, anali khalidwe wankhanza wa French, amene, adakwiya yaitali motero asilikali kampeni ndi kuperewera kwa zakudya m'thupi, nthawi zambiri chinkhoswe mu kuba wamba ndi looting. Komanso, Gerasim Kurin anali ndi mphatso zokopa ndipo anali ndi mphamvu pa anthu a m'mudzimo.

ntchito

Pa 23 September 2 October 1812 Kurin Gerasim ndi chipani chake maulendo 7 nawo kumenyana ndi asilikali a ku France. Limodzi la ndewu amuna anakwanitsa kulimbana ndi sitima zankhondo, anagwira 200 mfuti ndi mfuti, komanso 400 matumba katiriji. Izi zinathandiza kuti zigaŵenga zankhondo kwa nthawi yaitali kupereka okha ndi zipolopolo ndi kupanga forays kwambiri kufika mumsasa mdani.

Polimbana Ney anakwiya "uncivilized" makhalidwe a wamba Russian ndipo anatumiza kulimbana ndi gallinaceous 2 squadron wa dragoons. Zikuoneka kuti French sanadziwe za chiwerengero cha zigaŵenga zankhondo, monga mwinamwake iwo Sichikupezeka amenewa gulu laling'ono.

Mkulu anaganiza kuyesa kuthetsa nkhaniyi mwamtendere ndi "wotsika" kwa amene anandituma kwa "mbuli" wa osayanjanitsika - bwanamkubwa wakale. Iye adayesetsa zigaŵenga zankhondo osati kulowerera foragers za ntchito zawo, zikuoneka kuonetsanso kuti kuba osauka a.

Pamene zokambirana nkhuku akukonzekera kuukira. Choyamba, anatumiza motsogozedwa Bogorodsk wamba detachment asilikali, analamula parishi mutu Yegor mpando. Ndiye Kurin ntchito kuyesera abale akewo, kusiya kwambiri ndi "asilikali" abisalire ndi, ndi kuchita nkhondo ndi French, ndi zigaŵenga zankhondo dazeni ochepa. Pamene nkhondo pachimake, iye analamula kuti abwerere, nakoka dragoons, ataledzera ndi kugonjetsa zovuta pa Russian wamba a. Modabwitsika yekha ikuthamangira ankhondo French anali atazunguliridwa, monga okwera anafika Stulova. Chifukwa cha nkhondo ziwiri squadrons French adakhala wothyoledwa, ndipo mbali ya dragoons ndi analandidwa.

ntchito Recent

Kukwiyira Ney anatumiza asilikali zonse ndi zigaŵenga zankhondo lapansi. Atamva nkhondo ya mizati ya French, nkhuku anaganiza kuwapatsa nkhondo mu kumudzi kwawo. Iwo lili wamba mabanja zambiri za magulu awo, lotsogoledwa yekha. Pa nthawi yomweyo Gerasim Matveyevich Stulova anatumiza apakavalo abisalire pafupi ndi mudzi wa Melenki ili pafupi ndi msewu Pavlovsky - Borovsk, malo ili kuseri kwa mtsinje Yudinskom chigwa, sanawakhulupirire lamulo la Ivan Pushkin.

Pamene French anadza kwa Paulo, panalibe pamaso. Koma patapita kanthawi anadza kwa Iye deputation, wopangidwa mwa anthu amphamvu. Iwo analowa mu zokambirana ndi asilikali, amene pa nthawi ino anapempha mwaulemu alimi kugulitsa chakudya, pambuyo kulola kuyendera nyumba yosungiramo katundu. amuna anavomera kugwira foragers amene ali n'komwe kuti ambiri portly woimirira ndi negotiator - ndi lokha Kurin.

Woyenera anatchulidwa mwapadera

anawazunza angapo bwino anapanga zigaŵenga zankhondo mantha mu nzeru zawo, ndipo iwo anaganiza kuukira wotanganidwa Bogorodsk. Komabe, ndi nthawi Ney atalandira kale malamulo kubwerera ku Moscow. Kurin Gerasim ndi chipani chake anaphonya ndi thupi lake kwa maola angapo ndipo anapitiriza kuteteza mudzi wake ndi katundu wake ku wolanda ndi French.

wopindulitsa

Zochita za mkulu olimbanawo ndi partisans ake sanasangalale nazo ndi lamulo Russian. Atsogoleri ambiri ankhondo anadabwa kuti mlimi popanda kudziŵa za machenjerero ndi malamulo chinkhoswe ntchito bwino kuti kuthawa ndi kuwononga asilikali zonse za asilikali a ku France, pamene wagawo wake anali kunyamula zomvetsa kochepa.

Mu 1813 Kurin Gerasim Matveevich (1777-1850) anali kupereka kwa George Cross 1 kalasi. kuti wakhala mwapadera sipakhala mizere ya m'munsi ndi anthu wamba, ndipo izo zimayenera kuvala wakuda ndi lalanje tepi. Ngakhale mabuku kawirikawiri amatchula kuti Gerasim Kurin ndinalandira mutu wa nzika aulemu, zimenezi zikhoza kukhala zolondola, monga nzika wolemekezeka zapatsidwa kwa oimira gulu la anthu osauka. Komanso anakhazikitsa yekha mu 1832. Choncho, polingalira za mtundu wawo, Gerasim Matveyevich sakanakhoza kukhala mutu, ngakhale kuti kwenikweni choyenerera.

Mu yamtendere,

Pamene anamaliza kukonda dziko lako Nkhondo ya 1812 chaka Gerasim Kurin anabwerera ku moyo chake chachibadwa. Komabe, m'midzi ndiponso anthu a m'midzi yapafupi sanaiwale za zochuluka wake, ndipo iye anali ulamuliro wawo unquestioned pa nkhani zambiri.

, Imatchedwanso kuti m'chaka cha 1844 anachita nawo monga mlendo wolemekezeka pa kutsegula kwa Pavlovsky Posad - mzinda, popangidwa ndi pophatikizana a Pavlov ndi midzi 4 ozungulira.

Iye anafa wopambana mu 1850 pa msinkhu wa zaka 73. Iye anaikidwa mu manda a Pavlovsk.

Tsopano inu mukudziwa kuti Gerasim Matveevich Kurin - partisans amene bungwe kumuwombera lake 1812 ndi bwino kwambiri m'mudzi ndi malo ake ku ntchito French. dzina lake ali pa ndime ndi mayina a Ngwazi mayiko, monga Vasilisa Kozhin Umuna Shubin, Ermolai Chetvertakov, kutsimikizira kuti mu ora la kuyezetsa dziko anthu Russian zingagwirizanitse ndi bungwe okha zimathandiza kuti kugonjetsa mdani.