Mutu ndi ntchito nzeru

Pamaso kutembenukira kwa funso la chimene chimapanga phunziro la nzeru sayansi, m'pofunika kumvetsa kuti kwenikweni chinthu choterocho. Popanda njira imeneyi kumvetsa tanthauzo nkhani za nzeru chingakhale chopanda phindu, chifukwa kupingasa chidwi sayansi mu chimango cha chidziwitso nthanthi pafupifupi zopanda malire. Chifukwa china njira imeneyi ndiye kuti pamaso mufufuza chinthu, muyenera kukhala ndi chithunzi chabwino chinthu sayansi.

Chinthu sayansi aliyense, ndizoonekeratu ku akuti yokha, nthawi zonse cholinga, ndiye kuti moyo wawo si anatsimikiza ndi chilakolako kapena zokonda za kafukufuku makamaka - phunziro la sayansi. Nthawi zambiri mukhoza kupeza maweruzo polingalira kupingasa ya munda wa chidziwitso nzeru nkhani ndi chinthu zofanana. Komabe, njira ayenera kuzindikira wosabereka, chifukwa pamaziko a kupingasa izi chidwi sayansi sayansi izi anangotengeka, amakhala m'mbali.

Yachokera pa mikangano mbiri ya chidziwitso ndi akatswiri maganizo, nzeru za nkhaniyi tinganene kuti lonse cholinga chenicheni mwauzimu ndiponso chikhalidwe chenicheni chimene anthu wokhalapo, kuphatikizapo munthuyo.

Mosiyana ndi chinthu, chinthu sayansi onse ndi nthawi zonse m'maganizo, kuti ali, linakhalapo ndi mkhalapakati ndi chidwi sayansi ndi nkhani ya chidziwitso - ofufuza za. Iye amasankha mbali ya chinthu (cholinga chenicheni) ndi iye chidwi sayansi kenako zoona, anapanga phunziro la sayansi. Pankhani kudziwa nzeru zaumunthu, sayansi nkhani anatsimikiza ndi kapangidwe ka sayansi, malangizo ake, zinthu, ziphunzitso ndi ziphunzitso. Izi ndi njira limapezeka limodzi la malamulo nthanthi ya nzeru - dialectical ubale wa nkhani komanso kufufuza kapangidwe ka sayansi. Mu losavuta ndi ambiri zowombetsa mkota mtundu wa chinthu ndi ntchito nzeru akhoza kumatanthauza motere.

Monga mutu nkhani yake amasonyeza malamulo ambiri wamkulu wa chiyambi cha mitundu ya kukhalapo kwa nkhaniyo ndi dziko lauzimu, komanso mafano awo explicable, ratsionaliziruemye chikumbumtima anthu.

Mbiri anapanga mumaganiza nthanthi achititsa makamaka nkhani malo pakati pa azimuth. Mwachitsanzo, existentialists, kuchokera Heidegger chachikulu kuti chinthu ndi ntchito nzeru ndi kudziwa tanthauzo la munthu - kukhalapo, womwenso zamalankhulidwe kulungamitsidwa osati munthu, chotero, komanso zonse otizungulira. Malinga ndi njira zosiyana nkhaniyi positivists. Ngakhale Ogyust Kont amanena kuti chinthu ndi ntchito nzeru ayenera kupangidwa kwa zosowa za anthu, kufotokoza ndi zopanga malamulo ndiponso zizolowezi za moyo wa munthu. Iwo anakonzeratu chifukwa chakuti Comte ankaona osati anayambitsa sukulu ya nthanthi ya positivism, komanso tate wa Chaanthu wa sayansi. Koma popeza Karl Popper positivist tanthauzo la zimene nkhani ndi ntchito za anthu, zasintha kwambiri. Apa tikuona kusintha kwa kusanthula chithunzi sayansi dziko, kumeneko amapangidwa ndi waukulu methodological muyezo wa kusanthula izi - mfundo ya verifiability wodziŵa lowonjezera ndi mfundo za falsification.

Pamaziko a kudalirana kuti kulumikiza mfundo chinthu, kapangidwe ndi ntchito ya nzeru, kudziwa ntchito yake zitha kukhala mu mawonekedwe wodziika. Childs, izi ndi monga:

• methodological, kapena kuti nzeru akufotokozera makina kudziwa ndi amapereka njira zake chilengedwe ntchito zosiyanasiyana za ntchito anthu;
• ambiri mabodza sayansi chakuti ndi mu chimango cha chidziwitso nthanthi ndi chiphunzitso zikuluzikulu ndi magulu ntchito mu chidziwitso;
• ntchito chikhalidwe kumafuna kulingalira anthu mu chimango cha chidziwitso nthanthi kukhulupirika limodzi;
• malamulo ndi zolimbana, lili mu choona kuti ndi nzeru apalana muyezo chifukwa cha ntchito Kufufuza muzochitika zosiyanasiyana za moyo wa munthu;
• worldview, odziwikiratu, izo zikutsimikizira mapangidwe modes ndi maganizo ndi makhalidwe chokhazikika pa mfundo ongolankhula ndi malamulo.

Tikumbukenso kuti malinga ndi mndandanda simungathe kuchepetsa mndandanda wa ntchito kutsatira nzeru za moyo wathu. Iwo akhoza anasiyana ndi n'zotheka zopanga latsopano, palibe zazing'ono, koma mkhalapakati ndi ndondomeko mbiri.

Nzeru za sayansi, nkhani zake ndi ntchito mwachindunji kudziwa kapangidwe ka kudziwa nzeru zaumunthu, amene si mbalume ndipo nthawi zonse kuwonjezera ndi kudzikundikira mfundo pagulu latsopano la sayansi. Komanso kukula kwa nzeru, limodzi ndi kosangalatsa khazikika m'njira mumaika chidwi sayansi mavuto ena, kotero ife tikhoza kusunga chodabwitsa abwera nkhani usanati zosiyanasiyana nthanthi pa nthawi zosiyanasiyana. chodabwitsa Iyi ndi zimakhudza mwachindunji pa nkhani ya za nkhani zosiyanasiyana kuti ali mutu wa nzeru ndi sayansi.