Museum wa utasintha mu Moscow

Mu kugwa kwa 2017 m'pamene chikumbutso 100th wa Great October Socialist utasintha imene Bolsheviks anagonjetsa otsiriza Russian autocrat, Nicholas II. Asinthe chitukuko Russia ndi kuzungulira dziko. Panali dongosolo zatsopano, zomwe amakana maziko capitalist. Mu Moscow pali bungwe chikhalidwe, dzina ndi ochititsa amene akubwerera kum'patsa kuti nthawi yovutayo. Ndi Museum wa kuukira boma pa Tverskaya, 21. Kuchokera m'chaka cha 1998 - State chapakati Museum of History Contemporary la Russia (hereinafter, chifukwa kufupika, Museum wa utasintha).

Oti muli nazo zida ndi tizilombo touluka

Mu October ndakatulo "Good" Vladimir Mayakovsky analemba kuti: "Nthawi apa! Tsikani! ! The upshot nthawi yanu "akunja ndikuganiza," Museum wa October kuukira boma, ili mu Nyumbayi akale, nkhani yekha za itachita wa Zima Palace, ananyoza "Aurora", Lenin ndi oti muli nazo zida galimoto. " Izi siziri zoona ndithu. Zingamvekere chuma cha zinaonetsedwa pa chionetserocho osiyanasiyana, kuwauza za chuma, chikhalidwe ndi ndale chitukuko cha Russia mu XIX mochedwa - m'ma XX, patsogolo m'moyo Russia ano, kupitiriza kwa mibadwo .. Alendo yang'anirani waubwenzi ndi Luso a anamulondolera. Atsogoleri musati amakonda gloss pa mfundo lamadyerero. Monga amatiuza kuti chinachitika n'chiyani.

Zida, zovala, makina osindikizira, mkati mwa odyera, kumene chinachitika, agogo zahazhivali, nkhanu modzaza galu kuti anatera danga - zipinda makumi atatu zosatheka ulendo zosangalatsa zakale. Pali maganizo: kumizidwa mu anaiwalika m'mbiri ya dziko masiku zikuwoneka wamphamvu, mowonekera, koma osati mwano. Kids ndimakonda penyani filmstrips, ndi makolo - kusungulumwa. Popular cafe-owonetsera zakale ndi mankhwala, amene tsopano mukunena "chachibadwidwe, ngati kuti ...", maswiti opangidwa ndi mankhwala a zaka makumi anayi zapitazo.

nyumba lodziwika

alendo ambiri kusiya ndi cholinga amalangiza abwenzi kukaona Museum wa kuukira boma. Mu Moscow, pa Tverskaya Street, anali wabwino: zapadera, palibe hassles ndi zonyansa. Mwa njira, pali holo, lomwe limanena za tsogolo la nyumba yokha. Linamangidwa m'zaka XVIII. Iwo anasunga bwino kwa mkati ndi kunja. Kale eni osiyana ndi alendo. Mwini wa uchikumbe akale anali ndakatulo, Wolemba wina Mikhail KHERASKOV (ligwiritse mudziwe kale), amene anagulitsa izo kwa kuwerengera, Major General Lvu Razumovskomu.

Kapangidwe chachikulu (nyumba yaikulu) inamangidwa ndi Catherine Wamkulu (1777-1780 gg.). Anadzakhala pakati pa mapulani a nthawi Adam Menelaws anawonjezera mapiko owonjezera. Iwo anasiya Villa mu kalembedwe wa classicism okhwima. Nkhondo ya asilikali Napoleon ndi sanalekerere kukongola. Kukonzanso analamula wamanga Domenico Gilardi. Mwa njira, pali owonetsera zakale wina. Pa utasintha Square (Moscow) , atsegula makomo onse amene ali ndi chidwi kuphunzira za Nkhondo ya 1812. Koma ku nkhani. Pamene Razumovsky anafa, mkazi wamasiye anapereka cholowa mapulani a m'bale wake Nikolayu Vyazemskomu. Nicholas G. ceded yomanga Moscow English Club (1831). Mpaka 1917 panali ikuchitika yakale chipani amuna chiyambi mfulu. Pa nthawi ina, mosintha wamkulu nyumba malonda anatseka wapakamwa wokongola (anafunika kuyendayenda kukafunafuna khomo).

Moyo watsopano yachifumu

History Museum wa kuukira boma anayamba atangobadwa zochitika moto wa October. Anaganiza kupanga maziko a zipangizo kwa Russian kumasulidwa kayendedwe, kuphunzira mabuku mfundo anasonkhanitsa. The yotsalira mawonekedwe (madera aang'onoang'ono) club anachita pachiyambi cha 1918. Koma m'mbuyomu wapereka njira m'tsogolo. Watsopano malamulo, zigamulo anali kutuluka. Dongosolo loyamba kwambiri, amene anamasulidwa pa Commission Luso ndi luso ndi zakale pa Commissariat la Anthu zokhudza kusamala maonekedwe a kamangidwe ka chuma, chinaperekedwa kwa bungwe chikhalidwe. ogulitsira CIMODZI CIMODZI, kamodzi wamkulu zachinyengo kutsogolo kwa nyumba yachifumu anali anagwetsa. Wapakamwa kachiwiri inadutsa ukulu.

A osiyana "Belo" ndi Nyumba ya English kalabu: pali tsopano Museum Moscow akale. Chionetsero choyamba mu malo dzina kusintha anatsegula mu November 1922 ndipo anaitanidwa "Red Moscow". Mbiri likulu Vladimir Giljarovsky anauzidwa kuti chotulukira zinachitika pa sikisi koloko. Anayatsa magetsi. M'zipinda, nayima kunja Kutentha, ngati zaka ofunda. Alendo chitsanzo latsopano anali ofanana kwambiri kwa anthu pachiyambi: ". Ufumu wa idleness" yunifolomu ya usilikali, zamphepo chikopa, zovala, iwo mofulumira chimayendayenda posachedwapa

Apo ayi tilibe njira kuletsa kulankhula

Anthu monyadira akutama mbendera ofiira ndi zedi chida kugalukira, anapachikidwa pa mpanda wa nsangalabwi wakale. Old chithunzi wokometsedwera luso zithunzi ndi zithunzi "masiku khumi limene linagwedeza Dziko" otchulidwa (monga tafotokozera chochitika, mtolankhani American Dzhon kuchotsa). Mwa alendo anali akazi (zomwe sizikanatheka pa kukhala wa English Club).

Anasangalala kuti pali latsopano owonetsera zakale. Kusintha umavumbula chionetsero ndi ngodya thematic anali ochuluka: asilikali oyendetsa kubadwa kwa dziko latsopano! Ambiri kudziwana wina ndi mzake pa zithunzi nkhondo. Atasonkhana mayunitsi yosungirako anakhala maziko a kufotokoza zakale ndi Museum Chiwukirano mu Moscow. Mu 1924, bungwe la anakhala State Museum wa kuukira boma. Mutu woyamba SERGEY Mitskevich - amadziwika umunthu. Russian chosintha, mphunzitsi wa mtundu wanyimbo journalistic, mbiri, pulofesa University Moscow. Kulinganiza wa Antchito Moscow 'Union.

The zambiri sosholisimu

Museum wa utasintha mu Moscow, ambiri kuphimba mitu zionetsero Unyinji wa anthu wamba ndi otchuka ndi inati tidakocheza (makamaka: atsogoleri awo Stepan Razin ndi Emelyan Pugachev anabadwira ku mudzi Zimoveyskoy pa-Don ndi kusiyana mu zaka zana). Akanatha kuwonjezera nzeru la kayendedwe Decembrist, Anthu Chifuniro, kumvetsa "zikusowa" zochitika Russian utasintha, ndi Civil nkhondo. Iwo anali chionetsero wamkulu, limene lili Museum wa kuukira boma.

Moscow anazindikira kuti pomanga sosholisimu pang'onopang'ono wambirimbiri zinachitikira ayenera kusintha ndi zimayesetsa kulengeza. Popeza 1927, kuchuluka thematic kunanditsegula. Makumi a zaka zotsatizana dziko osauka (ndipo kenako anayamba) sosholisimu amakopeka osati nzika za Soviet Union, komanso alendo yachilendo.

mphatso Repin

Chiwerengerochi osiyana boma, nthumwi lalikulu capitalist, zokomera, m'mayiko osauka, olemba, amisiri, Osema, kanjedza zisudzo, "ndi proletarians a m'mayiko onse ankaona" ndi ntchito yawo kukaona Museum wa kuukira boma. Alendo ena samabwera chimanjamanja. Choncho kufotokoza kudzadza impregnated zithunzi opanduka "pa January 9," "Red maliro" ndipo ena. Zoperekazo wotchuka zojambulajambula Ilya Repin.

nzika wachikondi la Soviet Union ndi m'mayiko wochezeka kunyamula mphatso mtsogoleri wa boma Iosifu Stalinu. Ambiri a iwo ndi osiyana pachimake mfundo: foni mu mawonekedwe a lonse, foni yakumanja-nyundo, wotchi, chokongoletsedwa ndi zing'onozing'ono zagolide T-34 thanki. The mphatso chionetsero unathandizira pa 39 za zaka 55th zaka za m'ma XX. Zosiyanasiyana zachilendo ndi otchuka pakati amaonetsa ndipo m'masiku athu. Mu 1941 m'nyumbayi kale anali pa mtsogoleri yamphamvu pakati pa magulu ofanana. Ndalama totaled zinthu miliyoni. Anatsegula nthambi.

nawo nthawi opaleshoni

The Great kukonda dziko lako nkhondo (1941-1945) mwasintha lakuthwa mu sayansi ndi maphunziro ntchito, zomwe kunachitidwa ndi nyumbayi. Kukwera sizichitika, gawo chabe la mikango ndalama anapita kwambiri kumbuyo. chiwerengero cha ogwira ntchito ali anatsika ndi pafupifupi katatu. Koma ntchito sanaime. Mu July 41st alendo zinali kuperekedwa chionetsero ndi akuuza nkhani ya Soviet ndi ankhondowo Nazi. Ndi pakati mutu, ndipo nthambi anakumana ndi limodzi malo m'zaka nkhondo.

mdani anathamangira ku Moscow. antchito Museum ankatsutsa icho njira zilipo: kuwauza anthu za ungwazi wa asilikali Soviet. Kupezeka ziwerengero limati motere: chiwerengero cha alendo mu 1942 - 423, 5 anthu zikwi ..

Ndi opareshoni panja kukhudzana (mfuti mortars ndi zipangizo zina za Red Army ndi zikho mdani). Ndi kayendedwe yachibadwa ntchito kumbuyo mu 1944. Panali kutembenuka tsankho la: zipangizo, makamaka kusonyeza chosintha kumasulidwa zoyenda adabalalitsidwa. Ena "" mu GAU (Main archival kasamalidwe), ena - mu State zakale Museum, yotchuka kudziwika monga Museum wa kuukira boma pa Red Square, ndi ena - analandira mosangalala ndi Library of Literature okhonda. The sender yekha lolunjika pa kuphunzira panopa maganizo linkadziwika Russian Social-Democratic. Komabe anafunika kudziwa ndi ndondomeko ya chitukuko chibadidwe chabe anthu, ufulu ndi ofanana.

Anapita Kudziwa

Amadziwika kuti kamodzi kukumbukira gawo dzina woyenera anali mu disfavour: Joseph asangalala kukokomeza makhalidwe Jughashvili chopereka (Stalin) kukwaniritsa dziko. Mu 1959, pambuyo wotchuka XX Congress Party wa Communist la Soviet Union, korona munthu debunked. Ulendowu malemba akhala bolder, cholinga zambiri. Amene ankabwera kukhazikitsidwa mu 1960 kumayambiriro, akukumbukira kuti: eksponatury anasonyeza chiwerengero chachikulu, chimene chimafotokoza za chitukuko cha umoyo wa anthu ndi maphunziro. Alendo anaphunzira, onse mawu a kukula kwa makampani kuteteza chilengedwe, chimene chikuchitika mu makampani, "chikhalidwe", kangati chawonjezeka moyo wa nzika Soviet.

Mu 1968 panali renaming wina chizindikiro anaonekera akuti "chapakati Museum wa kuukira boma la USSR." Chaka chotsatira, iye anapatsidwa ufulu kuchita kafukufuku wa sayansi. Mayendedwe mkulu wa kukhazikitsidwa kwa Research Institute mtetezi cholowa cha zaka anapatsidwa kwa nthawi yoyamba. Olimba mlingo wa ntchito pafupifupi mphoto boma mlingo. Museology (1984) zasayansi linatsegulidwa, anayamba kuphunzira mbiri ya zinthu zochititsa chidwi ku Soviet Union.

Kodi pali moyo kunja mfundo ya?

njira za ndale komanso za m'ma 1980s dziko la mawu "kulowezana kwa mibadwo." A kutanthauzira watsopano zakale, kuchoka ku njira anafuna kuti chikominisi ndi zizolowezi zina ano anakankhira kusiya ndi maganizo ndi mabodza. yosungirako apadera chatsegulidwa kwa kuonera anthu.

Mu 1998, Museum wa utasintha ukasintha anamanganso kukhudzana. GTSMSIR wakhala yaikulu sayansi ndi methodological pakati, kuchititsa misonkhano thematic a nthumwi, kuchititsa makalasi sayansi ndi zothandiza. Chiwerengero cha chochitika kuno akatswiri owonetsera zakale kuchokera konsekonse mu dziko. Anthu chidwi ndi mabungwe alamulo akhoza kulandira malangizo, ndime ya maphunziro akatswiri.