Mwana wamkazi wa Stalin - Svetlana Alliluyeva. Wambiri ndi Photos

mwana wamkazi wa Stalin Svetlana Alliluyeva ankakonda kwambiri ya bambo ake akuluakulu. Zingatanthauze kuti mtsikana anabadwa mu banja munthu, mutu wa dziko chachikulu, tidzayesedwa kupita waluntha. Koma kwenikweni sizinayende. moyo mwana wamkazi wa Stalin kunali ngati ulendo mosalekeza, analibe kanthu kochita ndi tsogolo la ana a andale ndi udindo wapamwamba wa Soviet Union.

kubadwa

Svetlana anabadwa mu Leningrad pa tsiku lomaliza la chisanu 1926. Iye anali mwana wachiwiri m'banja Iosifa Stalina ndi Nadezhda Alliluyeva. Kuwonjezera kuti ndi "mtsogoleri wa nthawi zonse ndi anthu" ndi mkazi wake anakulira mwana wa Basil. Komanso, msungwanayo anali m'bale wake wa Yakobo, atate wake anabala kwa mkazi wake woyamba, Ekaterina Svanidze (anafa mu ukapolo German panthawi ya nkhondo).

Alliluyeva moyo pambuyo kudzipha amake

Kuchuluka kwa zomwe ena zitha ndimalota za kukula mwana Stalina Svetlana. Wambiri ya ubwana wake, ndimachita imfa oyambirira a mayi ake, anadzipha pamene anali ndi zaka 6. Ndi Svetlana kubisa chifukwa chenicheni cha imfa ya mayi anga, pomuuza kuti anamwalira pa tebulo ya opareshoni pa kuukira kwa appendicitis pachimake. Koma, pamene iye ananena Alliluyeva, mayi ake chifukwa sindikanakhoza kupirira chitonzo ndi kunyozedwa kwa mwamuna wake pakampanipo. Pambuyo kudzipha lake Svetlana ndi Vasily makamaka amasiye, chifukwa Stalin anali otanganidwa kwambiri ndi zochitika za boma ndi nthawi kuti asamalire ana analibe.

Kuwala anakulira pakati namwino ambiri ndi aboma. Makalasi lankhosa woyendetsa wake wake. Bwino anaphunzira ku sukulu, anadziwa English. Pambuyo pa mliri wa nkhondo ndi m'bale wake Vasily anali anasamutsidwa kuti Kuibyshev. moyo wa mtsikanayo anali wotopetsa. Iye analetsedwa kuyenda, kukhala abwenzi ndi ana m'dera kulankhula kwa alendo. Zosangalatsa okha Svetlana anali filimu kuti iye anali akuyembekezera kunyumba filimu purojekitala.

chikondi choyamba

Basil, mosiyana ndi mlongo wake, sanali kuphonya. Bambo pakhomo, ndipo mnyamatayo, masuku pamutu kulibe, nthawi zambiri anakonza phwando phokoso. Pakati pa abale Ankadziwa kuti nzotheka kuti akakomane ndi zisudzo odziwika panthawiyo, oimba ndi masewera basi. Mu umodzi wa zipani awa 16 wazaka Svetlana anakumana ndi wolemba 39 wazaka ndi wosewera Alekseem Kaplerom. Mwa Iye ndi Iye anagwa mu chikondi ndi mwana wamkazi wa Stalin. Wambiri ya mkazi adzapitiriza adzaonetsa ndi mabuku, koma chikondi chake choyamba ndi wamkulu iye sadzaiwala. Olimba zaka kusiyana sindinadandaule mtsikana kapena wina yakeyi. Alex anali amazipanga wokongola ndipo apambananso ndi akazi. Ndi nthawi chikondi ndi Svetlana iye kawiri linatha. Wake wakale akazi anali wotchuka Soviet zisudzo.

Young Kuwala Kapler anakantha erudition ndi akulu ake mawunikidwe pa moyo. Iye anali munthu wachikulire adadziwa kuti chibwenzi ndi mwana wamkazi wa 'Mtsogoleri wa anthu "amakhala mu misozi kwa Iye, koma sanathe kuchita chilichonse mumtima mwawo. Ngakhale kuwala nthawi zonse amayi anga asilikali olondera mfumu, iye anakwanitsa kuthawa chofuna ndi kuyendayenda wokonda ake m'misewu chete, kukaona naye Tretyakov Gallery, zisudzo zisudzo, magawo filimu anatsekedwa Committee Cinematography. Mu Maulendo Ake, Svetlana losifovna analemba kuti panalibe ubale weniweni pakati pa iwo sanali, monga mu Soviet Union kugonana chinali chinthu chochititsa manyazi.

Pa tsiku loyamba wamkulu tanthauzo la mwana wamkazi wa Stalin anadziwika posachedwapa. Mlembi General wa USSR anatenga kusakonda yomweyo Kapler, ndi mu moyo wa wosewera wa m'mavuto. Iye mobwerezabwereza anaitana kwa Lubyanka ndi pansi maola yaitali mafunso. Ndiye kodi kuweruza kwa Kapler chibwenzi ndi Svetlana kunali kosatheka, iye mlandu kazitape United Kingdom ndi mochuluka monga zaka 10, anatumizidwa Vorkuta kukonza ntchito njuchi. Kwa amayi ambiri, buku limeneli inatha mbama angapo waukulu ndi bambo kwambiri.

banja loyamba

The mbiri winanso wa Stalin mwana Svetlana Alliluyeva kugwirizana ndi kuphunzira pa MSU. Nditamaliza sukulu ya sekondale, analembetsa ku mphamvu ya Philology, koma, akamaliza njira choyamba, pansi pa mavuto atate wake unasamutsidwa kuti mbiri. Iye ankamuda nkhani Komabe, anakakamizika kugonjera chifuniro cha Papa, si mabuku ndi ntchito zolembalemba ntchito yabwino.

Monga wophunzira, Svetlana anakwatira Grigory Morozov - sukulu mnzake wa m'bale wake. Mtsikanayo anali ndi zaka 18. Stalin anali ndi ukwati ndi anakana kuona mwana wake m'chilamulo. Mu 1945, achinyamatawo anali ndi mwana wotchedwa Yosefe. ukwati woyamba Svetlana a inatenga zaka 4 yekha, kuti chimwemwe chachikulu Stalin anakomoka. YOSIMBIDWA Alliluyeva mu umodzi wa zoyankhulana wake, Grigory Morozov anakana kudziteteza ndipo ine ndikufuna kuti iye anam'berekera ana khumi. Svetlana komanso kukhala mayi heroine sanali kupita. M'malo mwake, iye anali kukonzekera kuti maphunziro apamwamba. M'zaka za ukwati mtsikana Morozov anapanga 4 wa mimba, ndiye iye anadwala akadandaule kusudzulana.

Ukwati pa kuumirira wa atate wake

Mu 1949, Iosifa Stalina mwana Svetlana Alliluyeva anakwatiwanso. nthawi iyi anasankha bambo mwamuna wake. Iwo anakhala mwana wa mlembi wa Party Communist wa Andrei Zhdanov loweruza. Pamaso pa ukwati, achinyamata analibe msonkhano uliwonse. Anali okwatira, chifukwa chotero monga Stalin. Yuri mwalamulo anatengera mwana ku ukwati wake woyamba Svetlana. Chaka chotsatira, mkazi wake anabala Alliluyeva mwana Catherine, kenako akadandaule kusudzulana. Stalin sanakhutire ndi tsenga ichi, Svetlana, koma kuti iye azikhala ndi munthu sakondedwa, iye sakanakhoza. Mlembi General wa Soviet Union anazindikira kuti tizimumvera mwana sakanakhalanso, ndi kuti mulimbane ndi chikhalidwe zake zopanduka.

Moyo pambuyo pa imfa ya bambo ake

Mu March 1953, "mtsogoleri wa anthu onse" sanaonekenso. Pambuyo pa imfa ya bambo Svetlana anali kukaperekedwa wake passbook, chifukwa imene inalipo rubles 900 okha. zinthu zathu ndi zikalata za Stalin anatenga. Koma akudandaula za kupanda chidwi pa mbali ya mkazi sakanakhoza boma. kumvana inakhazikitsidwa ake ndi Nikitoy Hruschovym, amene anali kuphunzira pamodzi ku yunivesite. malo Svetlana ya ntchito mu 1956 anali Institute of World Literature, kumene iye wakhala kuphunzira mabuku a olemba Soviet.

Chabwino, kodi kuchita mwana lotsatira Stalin, Svetlana? moyo mu 50s anawonjezera banja lina. nthawi iyi, osankhidwa Alliluyeva anakhala Soviet wasayansi-Africanist Ivan Svanidze. moyo olowa unakhala kuchokera 1957 1959 ndipo inatha, monga milandu yapita, chilekano. ana Common analibe akazi. Kuti wosangalala kusungulumwa kwanu, Svetlana wochemerera mabuku yochepa. Panthawi imeneyi, mndandanda wa okonda wake, limodzi ndi wolemba Soviet mabuku wotsutsa Andrei Sinyavsky ndi ndakatulo David Samoilov.

Thawirani West

Mu 60s, ndi isanayambike wa Khrushchev "m'firiji pamtunda" tinangoona zinasintha tsogolo la mwana wamkazi wa Stalin. Svetlana Alliluyeva anakumana ku Moscow ndi nzika ya India Brajesh Singh nakhala lamulo wamba mkazi wake (adzalowa mu ofunda ukwati ndi mlendo sankandilola). Hindu anali kudwala ndipo anafa mochedwa 1966. Mkazi, ntchito kugwirizana ndi boma, anapempha boma la Soviet kulola kuti ayambe phulusa mwamuna wake kunyumba. Atalandira chilolezo kwa chiwalo cha Politburo wa CPSU CPU Kosygin, iye anapita ku India.

Kukhala kutali ndi Soviet Union, Svetlana anazindikira kuti akabwerera kwawo sakufuna. Kwa miyezi itatu ankakhala m'mudzi makolo a Singh, ndiyeno anapita ku Delhi ili mu ofesi ya kazembe US ndipo anafunsa United States lofuna kukhala ndale. Izi zikusonyezanso zosayembekezereka Alliluyeva anachititsa manyazi mu USSR. Boma Soviet amalowa sukuluyi ake mu mndandanda wa oukira. zinthu zikuchitika chifukwa chakuti nyumba ya Svetlana anali mwana wamwamuna ndi wamkazi. Koma mkaziyo sanaganize kuti kuwaponya, chifukwa, mu maganizo ake, ana anali wamkulu mokwanira ndipo akanakhoza kukhala paokha. Ndi nthawi Joseph kale anakwanitsa kufika banja yekha, ndi Catherine anali m'chaka changa choyamba ku yunivesite.

Alowe Lana Peters

Siyani India ku United States mwachindunji ku Alliluyeva analephera. Pofuna kusokoneza asapita kuvuta ndi Soviet Union, US akazembe otumidwa mkazi Switzerland. Svetlana anakhala nthawi zina ku Ulaya ndipo kenako anasamukira ku America. Mu West, mwana wamkazi Stalin anachita sanali osauka. Mu 1967, lofalitsidwa buku lakuti "20 Letters Mnzanu," amene anauza za bambo ndi moyo wake womwe asananyamuke ku Moscow. Lembani izo Svetlana losifovna inayamba mu Soviet Union. Bukuli anakhala kutengeka dziko ndipo anabweretsa wolemba za okwana 2.5 miliyoni madola mu ndalama.

Kukhala kutali America, Svetlana Anayesa kukonza moyo ndi wamanga William Peters. Pambuyo pa ukwati wake, umene unachitika mu 1970, iye anatenga dzina la mkazi kapena mwamuna ndi kudula dzina lake, kukhala chabe Lana. Posachedwa kumene anayambitsa Akazi Peters anabadwa mwana Olga. Mozama mu chikondi ndi mwamuna wake American, Svetlana ali padera mu ntchito yake pafupifupi onse ndalama zawo. Pamene ndalama ake anathawa, ukwati unasweka. Alliluyeva pambuyo pake kuti kukwatira Peters wake analangiza mlongo wake, kuti "kalonga Soviet" ayenera mamiliyoni ambiri ochokera kwa atate wake. Pozindikira kuti miscalculated, iye anachita zonse m'bale wosiyidwa. Pambuyo kuthetsedwa mu 1972 a mwana wamkazi ukwati Stalin, Svetlana Alliluyeva (chithunzi ndi William Peters anapereka m'munsimu) anapitiriza dzina la mwamuna wake ndipo adatsala yekha ndi Olga. Magwero yaikulu ndalama zake anakhala ntchito wolemba ndi zopereka za mabungwe othandiza anthu osoŵa.

Bwererani Alliluyeva mu Union

Mu 1982, Svetlana anasamukira ku London. Pali anasiya Olga mu Quaker chiphaso sukulu napita ulendo dziko. Anadabwa aliyense mkazi mu 1984 anabwerera ku Soviet Union. Chifukwa ngati wasankha zinthu zimene iye ananena kuti Olga anali kupereka maphunziro abwino, ndi mu USSR, ndi mfulu. boma la Soviet anakumana ndi amathawathawa mwachifundo. Iye anabwezeretsa nzika anapatsidwa nyumba, galimoto ndi dalaivala munthu, anapuma. Koma kukhala mu Moscow, mkazi sanali, ndipo anasamukira ku nyumba ya bambo ake Georgia. Apa Alliluyeva zinapatsidwa malawi achifumu. Olga kupita ku sukulu, kuti maphunziro m'zinenero Russian ndi Chijojiya komanso kuchita masewera Kukwera Akavalo. Koma moyo Tbilisi sanali osangalala Svetlana. Bwezerani asapita zowonongeka ndi ana izo analephera. Joseph ndi Catherine adakhumudwa ndi mayi ake chakuti zaka pafupifupi 20 zapitazo, iye adawasiya. Ndipo ine sindimakhoza kupeza luntha pakati pa abale a mwana wamkazi wa Stalin Svetlana. yonena ake zikuphatikizapo kudziwa mfundo yakuti mu 1986 iye anali mwana wamng'ono kachiwiri anasamuka ku America. nthawi ili panalibe mavuto ndi kunyamuka kwa. Gorbachev panokha analamula kuti mwana wake wamkazi "mtsogoleri wa anthu" ulere achoke m'dzikolo. Back mu States, Alliluyeva onse amasiya nzika Soviet.

Re-emigration ndipo atakalamba

Kodi ndi komwe ankakhala mwana wamkazi wa Stalin, Svetlana Alliluyeva, pambuyo kuchoka wachiwiri kuchokera USSR? Back mu States, mayi wina wachikulire anakakhala m'tauni ya Richland (Wisconsin). Kucheza ndi mwana wake Yosefe ndi mwana wamkazi wa Catherine, iye kwathunthu anasiya. Posakhalitsa, Olga anayamba kukhala mosiyana kwa iye ndi kukhala moyo paokha. Choyamba Svetlana losifovna lendi m'kanyumba osiyana, anasamukira ku nyumba yosungirako okalamba. Mu zaka 90 ankakhala okalamba kunyumba London, ndiye iye anapita ku US. Zaka zomalizira za moyo wake Alliluyeva anakhala anthu okalamba kunyumba ya mzinda American wa Madison. Iye anafa ndi khansa Nov. 22, 2011. Mu nazo anamugoneka Alliluyeva anafunsa kuti m'manda pansi pa dzina Lana Peters. Manda ake sakudziwika.

Ana Svetlana Iosifovny

zaka 85 pa dziko lapansi la mwana wamkazi wa Stalin. Wambiri ya mkazi chingakhale chosakwanira popanda kutchula mmene tsogolo la ana atatu. Mwana wamkulu wa Alliluevoy Iosif anapereka moyo wake kwa mankhwala. Iye ankachita cardiology ndipo walemba mapepala sayansi pa matenda mtima. Mayi ake, Joseph G. kuwauza Atolankhani sanali, iye anali naye pa ubwenzi zoipa. Ine anakhala zaka 63. Iye anafa sitiroko mu 2008.

Mwana Svetlana Iosifovny zivomezi Catherine ntchito. Ngati mchimwene wake, iye anali kwambiri anakhumudwa ndi Alliluyeva, pamene iye anapita ku West, kusiya ana ena. mafunso a atolankhani za mayi wake Catherine Y. safuna kuyankha, nadzinenera kuti iye sanadziwe konse mkaziyo. Kuti kubisa ku chisamaliro kwa atolankhani ndi mabungwe a chitetezo, Alliluyeva, mwana wamkazi anapita Kamchatka, kumene akukhala lero. Amatsogolera moyo kwaokha.

Wamng'ono wamkazi Olga Peters anayamba Alliluyeva kenako mwana. Anabereka zaka chachisanu khumi. Monga munthu wamkulu, Olga anasintha dzina lake kwa Chris Evans. Lero, iye amakhala ku US, anagwira ntchito wamalonda a. Mu mkazi Russian nkomwe amalankhula. Monga mwana wamkulu ndi mlongo, ubale Olga ndi mayi ake si anapanga.

Long ndi kowala moyo anathandiza mwana wamkazi wa Stalin Svetlana Alliluyeva. Wambiri ndi zithunzi anapereka m'nkhani, adzalola owerenga mfundo zambiri zochititsa chidwi za tsoka lake. Mkazi uyu si mantha zoipa, maganizo a anthu ndi kukhudzidwa. Mwana wamkazi "Mtsogoleri Wamkulu" amadziwa kukonda, zowawa, ndi kuyamba moyo watsopano. Iye sakanakhoza kukhala bwino ana ake, koma ..silinaona pamenepa. Svetlana losifovna sadzalekerera pamene icho chinali kutchedwa mwana wamkazi wa Stalin, kotero, kamodzi mu West, kunena tiwonana dzina lanu lakale. Koma, kukhala Lanoy Piters, unakhalabe pa dziko lonse lapansi "Soviet wolemekezeka."