Short yonena za General Chernyakhovsky Ivan Danilovich

dzina Chernyakhovsky olembedwa mu makalata golide m'mbiri ya Wamkulu zosonyeza kukonda nkhondo. Izi amphamvu ndi luso ambiri anali mmodzi wa yowala atsogoleri achinyamata a zaka. Pa nthawi ya nkhondoyo, anali pa zosiyanasiyana amadzibisa: kumenyana mu Baltic States, ankateteza Novgorod, Voronezh kugunda, anali mwa asilikali pankhondo ya Kursk, anamasula Ukraine ndi Belarus.

ubwana

Tsogolo General Ivan Chernyakhovsky anabadwa mu mzinda wa Uman, limene lili pafupi Kiev mu 1906. atate wake (Danil Nikolaevich) anali switchman pa njanji. Pamene kunabuka nkhondo ndi Germany, anamuitana kuti kutsogolo, komwe adalandira concussion. Pamene iye anabwerera, mutu wa banja anapita Podolia, kumene iye anali coachman pa mwininyumba lapansi. mayi a mwanayo anali mayi wokhala pakhomo. Makolo anamwalira mu 1919 chifukwa Nthenda yofanana ndi tayifodi. Choncho anasiya ana asanu ndi amasiye.

Ivan mwachidule poyamba zinkapezeka ng'ombe kwa alimi a kumeneko, ndipo mu 1920 anayamba besprizornichat mu nkhondo. Kamodzi pa ntchito njanji, anakwanitsa kufika zinachitikira locksmith, ndipo kenako anayamba wochititsa katundu pa maulendo kuzungulira Odessa.

Asilikali Soviet

Mu 1924, mnyamata mkulu wa Young League Communist watumidwa kwa oyenda sukulu ina. Choncho anayamba yonena za General Chernyakhovsky asilikali Soviet. Kenako iye anaphunzira pa gunner mu Kiev. sukulu linamalizidwa mu 1928. Kenako anaikidwa mkulu wa platoon wa 17 Corps zida zankhondo Regiment mu mzinda wa Vinnitsa.

Madzulo a World nkhondo II yonena za General Chernyakhovsky anatenga Poyankha wina. Iye anatumizidwa ku 28 oti muli nazo zida Division (mtsogoleri). Iye anakhazikika Baltic.

Inayamba nkhondo

Mu masiku otsiriza a dziko ndi Soviet Union ndi ulamuliro wa Hitler anali kukonzekera nkhondo. Komabe, Stalin ankaganiza kuti Germany kuti aukire pokhapokha chaka. Choncho, zokonzekera zonse sanali umalimbana lolimbikitsa siyusekundnuyu (ngakhale mfundo nzeru).

June 18 Chernyakhovsky Division analandira malangizo kusiya nyumba zawo ndi kusamuka kwa malo pafupi ndi mzinda Chilituyaniya wa Siauliai. Theoretically, asilikali anali kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi makonzedwe. Komabe, 22 wa ku Germany anawoloka malire Soviet. Ndipo kotero izo zinachitika kuti Chernyakhovsky kuchokera pachiyambi anali mu pakatikati pa zochitika, monga Lithuania ikanagwidwa oyamba.

Tsiku lachiwiri usiku wa gulu la nkhondo, amene anali wotsogozedwa ndi wapolisi, kugonjetsa makilomita 50 ndipo anali pafupi ndi mzinda Varniai. Ndinayamba ndi mavuto ndi mwa kundipatsako mafuta, nchifukwa chake gululi lakhala ndayima kaye. mavuto m'gulu anakumana ndi 28 Panzer Division, anali ubiquitous. The Red Army sanali wokonzeka mwadzidzidzi blitzkrieg Aroma omwe ankalamulira dzikolo German. Komanso, thambo pa Lithuania koyambirira onse olamulidwa ndi zoponya mabomba German, amene ntchito zopweteka kwambiri kwa mbali dziko.

Chernyakhovsky choyamba nkhondo anali kufuna dislodge mdani wa Gulu lake m'tauni Kaltinenaya. Komabe, chapamwamba n'zosangalatsa kumva za mdani zinachititsa kuti kugonjetsedwa zachilengedwe a asilikali Soviet. Posachedwa Ivan Danilovich anabwerera mu otaya wamkulu wa Red Army.

An yosaiwalika anali Western Dvina ndi mzinda Elipaya, amene anayamba nkhondo wamagazi ndi asilikali a Ulamuliro wa Nazi. Komanso, magawano anauzidwa kuti achite chivundikiro kudutsa stragglers mayunitsi mu Riga. July 1, anali ndinayamba ndi adani a Western Dvina, ndi mbali ya nthawi zonse kuthawa kum'mawa.

Novgorod chitetezo

August 13, 1941 Chernyakhovsky anauzidwa kuti atenge mbali kumbuyo mu mzinda kum'mawa kwa Novgorod. Kukhazikitsa chitetezo anaonekera mkulu mphamvu. Iye anaphunzira mwamsanga ndi efficiently kusamutsa mbali mfundo kufika B, yomwe imavuta kwambiri ntchito mdani. Makamaka, adaphunzitsa Gulu lake sanatenge kena kalikonse, ndipo zipolopolo yekha, m'makhitchini munda ndi zina zotero. D. Izi makamaka analimbikira Chernyakhovsky, kanthawi yonena womwenso mfundo za kudya monga mwana pa Civil nkhondo.

Asilikali ikuchitika yomanga ntchito, pamene iwo anachotsedwa kwa mortars. The m'madera ambiri amatha anatumizidwa ku mzinda kuti boma la Russia, yomwe inali mfundo pamalo abwino ofunika. Nsombazi wa asilikali a Hitler akuchulukirachulukira likuvutika nkhokwe ambiri. Pa nthawiyi, Ulamuliro wa Nazi anali wotanganidwa pafupifupi onse a ku Ulaya ndipo anaponyera kum'mawa ake ankhondo onse nkhondowo-wokonzeka.

Patapita masiku ochepa kuimira Chernyakhovsky wachitatu otsala a anthu a pa. Panthawi imeneyi, dziko la Germany anakhala kuukira khumi ndi zitatu. 16 ndi 17 iwo anayesa mkuntho Novgorod Kremlin ndi kuwoloka mtsinje Volkhov. Anatsanulira machinegun moto ndi m'mizinda mtima. The vuto yovuta amakakamizidwa lamulo kulowa nkhondo akhala malo kakang'ono. Kuukira Germany akamasuke pambuyo mbali ya kutsogolo kumpoto-kumadzulo ankayesetsa kukweza yaikulu potsimikizira-kuukira m'dera la Staraya Russa. Izi kukakamiza Nazi kugawana mphamvu. Ena wotopa anapereka mwayi kwa Division 28 kutapa kum'mawa kwa mtsinje Volkhov. likulu mtima kwambiri unremarkable m'mudzi Kunin. Panthawi imeneyi, Chernyakhovsky anapeza chibayo. Chifukwa cha matenda aakulu anam'tumiza chipatala kutsogolo.

Voronezh

Mu May 1942 Chernyahovskiy Ivan Danilovich (lalifupi yonena kuti ndi nkhani ya review izi) analimbikitsidwa ndi msilikali-General. Iye akhafuna bwerera ku unit thanki, chifukwa ndi mtundu uwu wa asilikali tinathera zaka khumi ntchito yake. Pomaliza, anaikidwa mkulu wa 18 thanki Corps, pamene iye anafika mu July 1942. Mbali imeneyi inali pa Bryansk Front - osati m'dera limene ambiri wagonjetsa kale.

Pa nthawi imeneyi, malangizo kum'mwera ameja mu nkhondo pakati pa Germany ndi USSR. Ngati Leningrad anali atazingidwa ndi nkhondo za Moscow anatenga udindo mu chirengedwe, ndi mu steppes ndi kuganizira zotsatira za nkhondo. Mu July, Ajeremani analanda Rostov pa-Don. "Opaleshoni Edelweiss" anali akufuna kuti kutenga Caucasus, ku likulu la Ulamuliro wa Nazi. Malowa Izi Hitler athe kudula Soviet Union ku zofunika pa mfundo za chuma za maganizo, mafuta Baku ndi Grozny.

Malinga ndi dongosolo, asilikali gulu "A" anali kuchita kwawo kwa Don n'kuulanda mizinda zofunika. Pa nthawi yomweyo mapangidwe "B" likulowera kwa Stalingrad kuonetsetsa otetezedwa ndi thandizo kumbuyo. Ndi umenewu unali Chernyahovskiy Ivan Danilovich. Wambiri ya General akadali inalibe ntchito zimenezi.

July 3 Army molamulidwa ndi Paulo ndi Weichs atazunguliridwa Stary Oskol ndipo anafika Don. Panali ngozi Voronezh adani. Pa nthawi imeneyi, Stalin otchedwa General Golikova, amene ananena kuti iye akutumiza reinforcements mu mawonekedwe a 18 thanki Corps Chernyakhovsky. The gulu la anthu wamba Voronezh anthu. Pa nthawi yomweyo, akasinja wa 18 Corps anayamba anadzetsa nkhondoyo. Kukubalalitsani magulu anasamuka mumzindawo, kuyesera kuti tisalole mdani kupita Don. Y. wolemera asilikali, General Chernyakhovsky anamuuza iye kuti achite izo, koma Golikov samvera kwa iye ndi kumulamula monga mtsogoleri achikulire.

Ivan Danilovich yekha anatsogolera mmodzi wa magulu kuzungulira mundawo "Drummer" kuti kuuzira atumiki, amene molimba mtima anatsatira kumenyana mtsogoleri wa (a kumuukira panafika 14 oyeretsa). Mu nkhondo imeneyi, likule kugunda galimoto lake, nchifukwa chake iye ali ndi concussion. Iye ayenera kupita kuchipatala, koma iye anakana kutero.

July 7, anali polenga kuteteza latsopano Voronezh Voronezh Front Army wa 4 ndi 4 a thanki Corps. Komabe, potsimikizira kuti analibe bwino. The Germany linalanda Voronezh analanda Donbass ndi ngozi malire m'munsi wa Volga.

Pa mutu wa 60 Army

July 25 Chernyakhovsky Ivan Danilovich, amene yonena anachita popanda zododometsa kutsogolo anasankhidwa kukhala mkulu wa 60 Army, chomwenso ndi nkhondo kufupi Voronezh. Anaikidwa m'malo Antoniuk, amene sanathe kulimbana ndi ntchito zawo.

Gen. Chernyakhovsky, amene yonena ankadziwika kuti msilikali aliyense atenge kutsogolo, nthawi yomweyo ananyamula ntchito yake. Iye anapitiriza chitetezo pa Voronezh, nthawi zofuna zawo ndi mdani. Chakumapeto August, dziko la Germany mu malangizo ena anali wokhoza kuswa kupyola ku Volga. Tsopano ndewu yaikulu anatitumiza ku Stalingrad, pamene mwamtendere wayandikira Voronezh.

M'nyengo yozizira, pamene zinthu pa Volga anayamba kutenga mawonekedwe mokomera usilikali Soviet, mitengo anayamba kukonza yaikulu potsimikizira-kuukira, omwe anali kutenga mbali makamu ambiri, kuphatikizapo 60 a. Iwo anali gawo la Voronezh ndi Bryansk amadzibisa. Nthawi yoyamba anayamba January 24, 1943.

Kutsogolera isanayambike kum'mawa kwa Voronezh anali Ivan Chernyakhovsky. Wambiri ndi kupambana nkhondo anakhala malangizo ake yabwino limaitana ndi Stalin. 25 ya 60 Army analowa Voronezh ndi kwathunthu kuchotsa izo kwa adani. Pakati pa mudzi uwu ndi Kastornov anali atazunguliridwa ndi mphamvu ndithu mdani, kuphatikizapo nyumba ziwiri Chihangare. Pa zinthu izi, tinalandira lamulo kukhala zonyansa mphamvu pazipita mpaka mzere kutsogolo si okhazikika. Choncho, mayunitsi Soviet, kuphatikizapo Army Chernyakhovsky anasamukira pang'onopang'ono Stary Oskol, Kursk ndi Kharkov. Pa nthawi yomweyo, 38 Army chinali n'chongoletsa wazunguliridwa ndi asilikali a Ulamuliro wa Nazi ndi ogwirizana ake. Communication wa mayunitsi anadukana, iwo anali chitetezo. Nthawiyi, 60 February 8 Army analowa Kursk. Ndinali kumeneko ndi Chernyahovskiy Ivan Danilovich, amene yonena limayenda ndi opaleshoni ina bwino. Mu March, asilikali ake adadza kwa mtsinje Zakudya.

Kukonzekera Nkhondo ya Kursk

The kupambana kwa Red Army kuloledwa kuyamba kukonzekera Nkhondo ya Kursk. March 26 Ivan Danilovich mayunitsi awo anali miza ku chapakati Front. mkulu Rokossovsky chidwi ndi womdziwa ndi ambiri achinyamata. Pole ndipo kenako ananena zabwino zokha.

Pamene chitetezo cha pa Kursk zazikulu, 60 Army anali pa nsonga ya lokwera. Kudzanja lamanja la ndi mbali ya mkulu-General baht ndi lamanzere - kuyang'aniridwa ndi asilikali Chibisova. Pamene asilikali anali mu malo Chernyakhovsky (amene yonena m'gulu zosiyanasiyana kuyenda) anayendayenda m'midzi m'dera lonse, amene anali pafupi kutsogolo. Panalibe m'dera limodzi, lomwe iye samadziwa. A kusanthula zakuya za zomwe zikuchitika ndi chidwi tsatanetsatane wakhala zochititsa kwambiri.

Ndege maphunziro German amanyansidwa anayamba pa 6 July. Commander Von Kluge zinachititsa kuukira Ulamuliro wa Nazi magawano, koma kupambana kwake anali yaing'ono kwambiri. Analephera kusuntha makilomita 10 okha, amene sanali ngakhale gawo laling'ono la okonzeka kutsogolo gulu (100 makilomita).

M'mawa ndi madzulo pali anali akuwuluka detachment wa High Lamulo, pamene asilikali ankhondo lipoti la zilili pa Intaneti. Mmodzi mwa iwo anali General Chernyakhovsky. Wambiri asilikali anali mokwanira ndi misonkhano ndi zokambirana, pamene tsoka masauzande a asilikali.

counterattack

Pambuyo nkhondo thanki pa Prokhorovka, amene adapha mbali yabwino asilikali German. Zinali kugwa ndipo kugwa kwa Nazi "Citadel" dongosolo. Kale 23 chiwerengero cha asilikali a Soviet counterattack anabwerera zonse kuti anagwidwa ndi Germany pa amanyansidwa awo wamagazi. Pa August 5, patatha mwezi umodzi mzinda wa Orel ndi Belgorod chabwezedwa pambuyo chiyambi cha Nkhondo ya Kursk.

Pa nthawi yomweyo 60 Army anakhalabe kumbuyo, kuyembekezera awo kupita chitsogolo mu Kumanzere-Bank Ukraine. asilikali, amene anakhala miyezi yambiri kunkhondo, anali ofunitsitsa nkhondo. Kumva yathera ndi Chernyahovskiy Ivan Danilovich. Short yonena za General kwenikweni amafuna kukopa ngati masiku Kudera kudikira mu kunkhondo.

Pa nthawiyi n'kuti Moscow kwa nthawi ya nkhondo ankachitika makombola kukondwerera adzabwerenso mizinda ya ku Russia. Pomaliza, mu m'ma August iyo inali kuyambitsidwa Chernyakhovsky ndi Rokossovsky muli malangizo atsopano pa tingalimbanirane.

August 30 nagonjetsa osauka anatengedwa Glukhov. Patsogolo anali malire ndi Ukraine. Pa tsiku lotsatira Chernyakhovsky anakwanitsa patsogolo makilomita 60. Ajeremani mofulumira kuchoka m'malo awo. Mkuluyu sankadziwa mtendere kamphindi. Nthawi zonse anapita ku Chigawo wina ndi mzake, kukangana kulikulu la mapu, kupeza mayendedwe pa telefoni ndi wanthambo mizere, amene pa nthawi akhazikitsidwa m'madera akumidzi.

Mu September, izo anabwerera ku mzinda wina: Konotop, Bamach ndi Nizhyn. Mu November 1 Chiyukireniya Front unakhazikitsidwa. Chernyakhovsky, amene yonena wakhala chitsanzo chabwino kwa atsogoleri ena, anatenga gawo mu ntchito zambiri. Zinali kuwoloka Dnieper, Kiev ndi anamasulidwa mazana a m'midzi bwino-banki Ukraine.

Chief 3 Byelorussian Front

October 17, 1943 Wambiri ya General Chernyakhovsky zinali zodzaza ndi chochitika chapadera. Kapitawo anali kupereka mutu Hero wa Soviet Union olimba mtima pamene iwo anawoloka Dnieper. Pamenepo kapitawo pa zaka 37, anasankhidwa mkulu wa 3 Belorussia Front. Iye anakhala munthu wamng'ono mu Red Army, anapatsidwa udindo umenewu. Izi bwino chosasimbika wakhala Zimapezeka ndi khama, kulimba mtima komanso nzeru. Wambiri ya General Chernyakhovsky, mfundo amathandiza kwambiri kuti cholinga ichi.

Mu dera latsopano Ivan Danilovich nawo kumasulidwa kwa m'mizinda ikuluikulu monga Vitebsk, Minsk ndi Vilnius. Chernyakhovsky anabwerera ku malo anakumana Wamkulu zosonyeza kukonda nkhondo. Pambuyo dera Soviet Baltic yachotsedwa ndi Aisiraeli, kutsogolo anasamukira ku dera la Germany.

imfa

February 18, 1945 Chernyakhovsky anabwera pansi moto mu galimoto yake. Izo zinachitika pa mzinda wa mzinda Melzak (ili ku East Prussia). Ndi iye mu galimoto zikadali anthu 4, koma palibe mmodzi wa iwo anavulala. Panalibe zinawonongeka kwambiri pa galimoto.

Pali umboni kuti yonena za Chernyahovskogo I. D. anamupatsa mwayi kusuntha utumiki kwambiri. Mwachitsanzo, pa General Likulu ankakonza lamulo pa awarding iye mutu wa kulamulira dziko la Soviet Union, koma kupha sanalole lamulo kufalitsa pepala. General thupi anaikidwa Vilnius. Patapita (mu 1992) kuti unasamutsidwa kudziko lakwawo, mu Moscow.

Kukumbukira Chernyakhovsk

Atangochoka ku mapeto a nkhondo pambuyo General anadzatchedwa mzinda German wa Insterburg, wotchedwa Chernyakhovsk. Anam'samutsira Soviet Union, monga momwe adali East Prussia (tsopano Kaliningrad dera).

General Chernyakhovsky moyo kwathunthu subordinated khamu ndi nkhondo. Ndi achinyamata kukhala asilikali, iye, koma bwinobwino m'banja. Banja ndi ana awiri - mwana wamwamuna ndi wamkazi. Personal moyo Chernyakhovsky chidwi ambiri. ntchito yake meteoric anavula, anasiya amapha shrapnel, otsutsa ambiri anafotokoza kugwirizana pa GHQ. Koma si choncho. Young msilikali anali pa Crest wa yoweyula yoperekedwa ndi mzake, chifukwa madzulo a nkhondo, Red Army anataya ambiri a atsogoleri awo ndipo adzasonkhanitsa pa purges Stalin. malo wopanda anali wotanganidwa chifukwa cha khama ndi luso, ngakhale achinyamata, watsopano-m'badwo asilikali.

Wambiri Chernyakhovsky, amene zithunzi nthawi zambiri anagwidwa nkhondo mu masamba a manyuzipepala Soviet, anali zakuthupi kwambiri chifukwa mabuku ambiri kukonda dziko. Kukumbukira General anali mu USSR ndi kusamalidwa, komanso chilichonse chokhudzana ndi nthawi yovutayi.