Bunge Nikolay Hristianovich: yochepa yonena

Nikolai Bunge anali mtumiki zachuma mu 1881 - 1886 zaka. Iye anafika ntchito pambuyo mpando wachifumu, m'malo ndi Alexander III. Bunge anakhala kwambiri ya kusintha osatchuka, chifukwa chomwe otsutsa ndiwofatsa wapanga yosiya wake. Zasonyezanso kuti zimene wasankha ndi nduna ya zachuma, zinali zoona.

Minister umunthu

Tsogolo Minister Finance Bunge Nikolay Hristianovich anabadwa November 23, 1823 mu dokotala banja. Maphunziro Chilamulo la Yunivesite ya Kiev, ndipo kenako anayamba ntchito chiphunzitso. Mu maganizo ake, Bunge wakhala ovomereza-Western olekerera ndi Agiriki "statist".

Bambowa ankasiyana kuwunikidwa amene abwera imathandiza m'nthawi imene Alexander II. Maloya ndikukhulupirira kuti boma Russian ndiye kuti Sali okonzeka kulandira malamulo. Ntchito m'badwo wake Bunge Nikolay Hristianovich anaona pang'onopang'ono kusintha owonjezekera chifukwa cha ndiko kunena patapita zaka zambiri.

Kusamukira ku likulu

Pafupi zaka makumi atatu ndi pulofesa kuphunzitsa pa University of Kiev. katatu anakhala rector, nthawi yomweyo wakuti Dipatimenti ya Bank State. Mu 1880, Bunge Nikolay Hristianovich muyaya ku Kiev ndipo anasamukira ku St. Petersburg. Mu likulu, iye anali pa pempho la boma. Akuluakulu Zinkafunikiradi nzeru zatsopano kusintha boma kuchepetsa kusagwirizana chikhalidwe. Pa nthawi imeneyo, mantha Anthu ndi ankafuna kusintha zinthu mopitirira ena peaked.

Ndingathe uitane State Bunge Nikolay Hristianovich? Kwa zaka zingapo anali kukonza pulogalamu yake ya kukonzanso chuma. Izo zinali zochokera wolemera ongolankhula maziko podcherpnut ndi utumiki wa m'mayiko a Azungu.

Bunge malingaliro

Bunge pulogalamu anaonekera mu nthawi ya kusintha kwakukulu, koma ndi chiyambi cha ulamuliro wa Alexander III iye anadzera revisions angapo. Pambuyo kugonjetsedwa lamulo Russian mu Crimea nkhondo zachuma, ngati olekerera zina, zikumangidwa ankayembekezera pa chitukuko chongoganiza payekha, amene anali kupanga chopereka waukulu kutukula chuma dziko. zoyembezereka akhala kwakukulukulu kwawo. boma, kuti amawononga ndalama yaikulu nkhondo, panali chabe ayi ndalama wamakono wa Russia.

Kukonza zotsatira za Alexander II anasonyeza chomwe chinali cholakwika Bunge Nikolay Hristianovich. Mwachidule yonena za mtumiki tsogolo ofanana ndi biographies ambiri gulu lake zolimbitsa owolowa manja. zachuma 60-ntchentche. Sizikanagwira zinachitika popanda ang'onoang'ono yaikulu boma. Dziko ankaona kuti alibe amalonda. Kale mu 70 ntchentche. zimene anayamba. State kamodzinso kutenga ulamuliro okwana chuma. Kutha opereka njanji zokambirana adamuwumiriza kukhazikitsidwa kwa olowa anakhazikitsa zopinga mkulu miyambo. Ndi zinthu zonse izi rewrote pulogalamu awo Bunge Nikolay Hristianovich. Mwachidule yonena za munthu ndi zamoyo wa maganizo ake zikusonyeza chi.

Kusankhidwa kwa nduna

March 1, 1881, zigawenga anapha Alexander II, kenako anayamba kulamulira ndi mwana wake Alexander III. Mfumu yatsopano anayamba kwa ogwira kasinthasintha m'boma. Zinali ndiye mu 1881 ku positi kwa Nduna ya Zachuma a Russian Ufumu anaikidwa Nikolay Hristianovich Bunge. Photo zachuma anaonekera mu nyuzipepala onse likulu. Anthu akuyembekezera kanthu kwa iye.

Patatha zaka zisanu monga mutu wa dipatimenti chuma, Nikolai Bunge anakhala pang'ono kusintha kwambiri. boma ali adatchithisira malipiro indemnity kwa alimi, restructured dongosolo msonkho kupita ku maziko ndalama zatsopano, ndipo anathetsa msonkho kafukufuku. Mu 1882 idamangidwa wamba Bank. Kwa zaka zingapo, timalandira machitidwe woyamba malamulo ntchito.

kusinthika zachuma

Nikolay Hristianovich Bunge, amene ntchito kawirikawiri kudzudzulidwa, wakhala anayambitsa kusintha, sizinayende anabweretsa anasinthira chuma Russian. Bajeti ya mtumiki anakhalabe kuchepekedwa, chuma sikukanatheka ngongoleyo ndi zina zotero. D. Ndipo, koma, States Nikolay Hristianovich Bunge anapanga zambiri zabwino kwa dziko lake. Kudzera pulogalamu wake, Customs Service la Russia anakwanitsa kuteteza alimi zoweta ku mpikisano achilendo, zomwe zachititsa kuwonjezeka pang'onopang'ono ntchito zapakhomo. Kusintha misonkho analola chuma kudziunjikira chuma yokulirapo m'munsi. Kenako iye anapita kulimbikitsa kukula mafakitale.

Nikolay Hristianovich Bunge anabadwa mu nthawi ya ruble amphamvu, pamene ndalama national sanali zogwirizana msika katundu, monga pa mapeto a XIX atumwi. Pamene anali ku malo Minister zachuma vuto ndi mwapadera kwa dongosolo akale. Boma wachita zambiri ziziyenda mlingo kuwombola asunthe kupita pa muyeso wa golide kuwombola. kusintha linamalizidwa m'malo Bunge Sergei Witte.

mfundo agrarian

Kodi Russian wamba Nikolay Hristianovich Bunge? Minister Finance anafuna kukhala msika chuma m'mudzi, amene anali kukhala payekha wamba landownership. Bunge ankakhulupirira kuti alowererepo boma akhale kochepa ndi osungidwa kuteteza zofuna za makalasi m'munsi, ambiri apitirize kukhala mu mkhalidwe zosayeruzika mwachibale kwa eni lalikulu ndi olemera. Economist akanatero "narodolyubtsem" osati chifukwa cha maganizo owolowa manja, komanso chifukwa cha pragmatism wawo. Minister pulogalamu linali losavuta - kuthandiza anthu wamba kwa izo, anapezanso mphamvu, anathandiza kukweza dziko.

Kodi kwenikweni ndi miyeso kuti atengedwa mu funso agrarian Nikolay Hristianovich Bunge? Photos midzi popanda mtumiki zida ndi zomangamanga ano anakakamizika kuti kusintha kwambiri. Iye anakamba anthu a m'midzi misonkho zosafunika, kuphatikizapo msonkho pa mchere. Wamba amadwala kuchepa kwa malo ndi mopanikizana m'zigawo chapakati. Kuthetsa izi pulogalamu vuto resettlement wotwaliwa kwa m'mudzimo kunja kwa mzinda wa mayiko wopanda, malo amene ali abwino kulima dziko ndi mbewu kukula.

malamulo ntchito

Mugone zovuta pakati boma sanali alimi okha, komanso ogwira ntchito. Pambuyo chiyembekezo chakuti a serfdom mumzinda anatsanulira mtsinje wamphamvu proletarians, amene anafuna moyo wabwino mu mafakitale ndi makampani ena. Mosiyana kuti Russia mpaka sipanatenge ndi mwadongosolo fakitale malamulo.

Mu 1884, pa kuyamba ntchito Bunge inaletsedwa ana ku makampani akuluakulu. boma wakhazikitsa m'munsi pakhomo - zaka 12. Achinyamata pansi 15 sangagwire ntchito maola oposa 8 tsiku. Mu 1885, loletsa pa usiku ntchito kwa akazi anali. Akuluakulu kutengera malamulo onse kuti okhudza ubale wa bwana ndi proletarians. mfundo izi kuti kwambiri asagwiritse mwankhanza ndi ululu wa opanga. Pa nthawi yomweyo ife zakulitsa kupondereza ndi ogwira ntchito amene anakhala nawo pa kunyanyala ndi kunyanyala. Akuphedwa ufulu fufuzani wapadera boma anayendera.

The nationalization wa njanji

Minister Finance Nikolay Hristianovich Bunge, tsiku la kubadwa amene chinachitikira ndi zikamera wa njanji mu Russia, bwino kufunika mu moyo wa dziko. Pa utsogoleri wake wa zachuma ufumu anayamba nationalization zonse za chuma. Kumapeto kwa zaka za m'ma XIX ngati njanji "ogosudarstvlivalis" mu Belgium, Austria-Hungary, France, Holland ndi zina zotero. D. Kudzera kukonzanso uku, Bunge akanatha kumangoganizira ofanana zinachitikira kumadzulo.

polimbana ndi kuphangira

The nationalization kunali koyenera pofuna kuthana ndi okhawo, zolusa ntchito izi zikutanthauza kulankhulana. Society pamodzi adamfunsa kuboma kuthetsa kusokonezeka kwa njanji. Kuti zimenezi zitheke, ndi ntchito yapakati-othandiza unakhazikitsidwa. Utumiki wa akuluakulu Finance achita yofunika kwambiri mu izo. Bunge yekha kukangana ndi kwambiri mwaphuma kulanda chitsulo mseu boma. Minister makalata memoranda, anafotokoza maganizo ake pa vuto. ntchito imeneyi anapita pamwamba ndipo ankatengedwa ndi autocrat.

Utatha a dongosolo ankalola, boma anabwerera mchitidwe kumanga njanji okha ndalama za boma. Ponena za kale anayambitsa m'njira ntchito Bunge analankhula poyera kangapo za kamvekedwe komweko. mfundo zawo, ndipo anabwereza atatsala pang'ono pantchito. mtumiki akukhulupirira kuti Russia silingathe yokakamiza mayendedwe njanji, monga momwe Adachitidwira Mwachitsanzo, mu Germany, chifukwa chakuti panali osati omaliza zokwanira yothandiza anthu.

Zotsatira za ntchito

Iganizireni zotsatira za Zachuma, ndikofunika kumvetsetsa kuti Russian States Nikolay Hristianovich Bunge anakumana ndi zopinga zambiri mu njira yake. Anatengera mbiri katundu ku nkhondo ndi Ottoman, mavuto mafakitale, unavuta m'munda, stagnation mu ulimi, kuwonjezeka zombo ndi asilikali ndalama.

chitsutso ndiwofatsa zonse ndi distaste a mtumiki, poganizira kuti kukondera ndi gawo owolowa manja a anthu. Pachitika anapitiriza lonse Bunge kukhala pa mpando wa mtsogoleri wa dipatimenti ndalama.

Yosiya ntchito m'tsogolo

Minister otsutsa anapanga pantchito wake mu 1886. Koma mfumu anadziwa amene Nikolay Hristianovich Bunge, ndipo anayamikira khalidwe lake. Choncho, zachuma ndi osati anagwa kuchokera pa mtima, koma anatsala ku Bungwe la State. Kukhala mutu wa komiti ya nduna anapitiriza zimakhudza Inde ndale za akuluakulu, ngakhale m'njira yosiyana.

Amene anali kufuna Nikolay Hristianovich Bunge? Mfundo akuluakulu Moyo kunena kuti anayesa kuletsa thandizo yokumba a m'midzi, mopanda tsankho kwa minda munthu. The Economist anali wothandiza wa resettlement wa m'mudzi kum'mawa. A yoweyula watsopano misa wamba kulamulira kwa Siberia zinachitika atamwalira Nikolay Hristianovich Bunge. Mbiri sewero la munthu - ndi nkhani ya kuloŵedwa ntchito Stolypin a, anayamba kugwiritsa kusintha agrarian. Nikolai Bunge anamwalira pa June 15, 1895 mu Tsarskoye Selo.