Ndege IL-112: makhalidwe ndi kupanga

Ndege zonyamula ndege za Air Force ya Russia zikulamba kwambiri. Izi sizingalekerere atsogoleri a dipatimenti yodzitetezera, okondweretsedwa ndi asilikali. Ndege, zomwe kwa zaka makumi ambiri zakhala ngati gulu la asilikali, zimakhala zochepa, zimakhala zosavuta kuzifikira, ndipo mothandizidwe a Ans ali kutali kwambiri. Kupita patsogolo mu sayansi yamakono kumathandizanso kuti zofunikira za onse ogwira ntchito zankhondo ndi anzawo apamtima ziwonjezeke. Aliyense akudikira ndege yatsopano, ndipo pali zifukwa zina zokhulupirira kuti "ndondomeko yatsopano" idzakhala Il-112. Sichidali "mu chitsulo", chilipo papepala, koma mu nthawi yathu yamakono zonse zimachitika mofulumira kwambiri.

Kuchokera ku Antonov kupita ku Ilyushin

Ku USSR, chitukuko cha ndege zonyamula katundu chinkagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi O.K. Antonova, womwe uli mumzinda waukulu wa Ukraine ku Kiev. Oleg Konstantinovich anasamutsidwa ku likulu la Soviet Ukraine mu 1946 kuchokera ku Novosibirsk, kumene anatsogolera ofesi ya nthambi ya Yakovlev Design Bureau. Pano, Antonov anapanga ndege zambiri zodabwitsa, zomwe zambiri zomwe zikuchitika lero zimakwera zouluka m'mayiko a CIS komanso kutali. Magalimoto amenewa ndi odalirika, okongola komanso okondweretsa kwa oyendetsa ndege, "amakhululukira" zolakwika zina.

Pambuyo kugwa kwa USSR, O.K. Antonova anakhala Chiyukireniya, ndipo kuthetsa mavuto a asilikali a ku Russia mu kayendetsedwe ka ndege zinkasokonekera chaka ndi chaka. Kuphatikizana ndi kutsutsana kwa ndale, zolephera zambiri zamaluso zimalepheretsanso chifukwa. Ziribe kanthu, atsogoleri a ku Russia anaika ntchitoyi: kumanga ndege popanda ufulu, popanda kudalira anthu ogulitsa ndi ogulitsa kunja. Gawo la njirayi liyenera kukhala Il-112, omwe maonekedwe ake (makamaka matani asanu ndi limodzi a matani) adzawathandiza kuti athetse bwino magalimoto akuluakulu a An-26, An-24T, An-32 ndi magalimoto ena omwe ali m'gulu lathu la nkhondo kwazaka zambiri.

Njira za nkhondo

Pakatikati mwa zaka zapakati pa ninties, nkhani yowonetsera kayendedwe ka ndege inali kale yovuta kwambiri. Otsutsana nawo pakupatsidwa njira yatsopano yowonetsera ndege (matani 5-6) anali awiri. Chiyukireniya An-140 alionse, makasitomala a ku Russia anafika, koma zizindikiro zingapo sizikhutira nazo. Makamaka, utsogoleri wa ankhondo anatsindika kufunikira kosavuta, yomwe inali yopambana kwambiri pa An-26, ndipo imayimirira ponseponse pakhomo ndi zotengera zonyamula.

Chimodzi mwa zofunika kwambiri chinali kuthekera kugwira ntchito pamisewu yopanda mpata. Ndege ya Il-112 ikugwirizana kwambiri ndi magawowa, ndi kusungidwa kumodzi. Chiyukireniya An-140 anali atasonkhana kale, icho chikanakhoza kukhudzidwa, koma ndege ya ku Russia inalipo papepala ndi kumanyansidwa.

Chiwembu Chachikulu

Njira yowonongeka yomwe olemba mapulani a "Ilyushin" yolimba ndi yosangalatsa. Zonse zomwe zinali zabwino (ndizo zambiri) kuchokera ku Antonovs, iwo adalandira. Pofuna kutsimikizira izi, ndikwanira kuyerekezera maulendo a ndege ziwiri zomaliza KB - IL-114 ndi IL-112. Yoyamba (mwachidziŵikire, siinapindule kwambiri) ili ndi dongosolo lachikale la "Ilushin", lomwe limadziwika ndi mapiko otsika ndi mapiri awiri omwe amavomerezedwa ku IL-12 ndi fuselage yozungulira (monocoque) mu gawo. Chigamulochi, chomwecho, kuchititsa mgwirizano ndi "Douglas" DS-3, chinagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga IL-18 ndi IL-38.

Ndege ya Antonov Design Bureau ili ndi mbali zina: mapiko ali ndi malo apamwamba, magalimoto amaimitsidwa pansi pake, chigawo cha fuselage chochokera kumwamba chimaphatikizapo malo pafupi ndi theka-silinda, ndipo kuchokera pansi-pafupifupi pafupifupi (semi-monocock). Umu ndi momwe IL-112 ikuwonekera. Zithunzi ndi kukula kwake zikusonyeza kuti malingaliro a ndegeyi ali pafupi ndi An-24 ndi zotsatira zake zosintha (An-26, An-30 ndi An-32).

Zoonadi, izi sizokhudzana ndi kudziletsa. Kupanga ndege iliyonse kumapangidwira pogwiritsa ntchito luso lamakono, ndipo malingaliro odziwika amachititsa kuuluka kwa ndege yomweyo, ngakhale ngati maonekedwe awo akusungidwa mobisa. N'zosatheka kunena kuti "Ilyushinites" inakopera chinachake kuchokera ku "Antonovs". Komanso, iwo sanalandire chilichonse chomwe akufunapo mpaka pano.

Tiyenera kukumbukira kuti mavuto adayambitsa Il-112 kuyambira pachiyambi cha polojekitiyi.

Mavuto ndi kuyamba pomwe mukupanga

Zaka zoposa makumi awiri zapitazo, mu 1993, chitsanzo chojambula cha ndegeyi chinaperekedwa kukambirana ndi komiti ya boma. Chaka chotsatira, ataperekedwa chigamulo cha boma, mapangidwe ake awiri adayamba - zoyendetsa usilikali ndi okwera.

Lingaliro loyambirira linali kugwirizanitsa zoyesayesa za antchito a mafuta a Bashkir ndi omanga ndege. Pamunda ku Kumertau (Ma helikopita akumangidwa kumeneko), adakonza zoti ayambe mzere wina wa "ndege", kupereka ndalama pogwiritsa ntchito malonda a hydrocarboni. Mu nthawi ya "kutaya zaka makumi asanu ndi anai" za ntchitoyi, yomwe poyamba idalonjeza kupambana, mwatsoka, palibe chomwe chinachitika.

Akatswiri a KB anaganiza zopanga IL-112 ku Voronezh, pa ndege ya VASO. Kulimbika kwa gululi kunathandizidwa ndi mpikisano mu mpikisano wa Air Force, pamene galimoto yatsopanoyo inayenera kulimbana ndi mpikisano waukulu ndi ogwira ntchito zonyamula katundu omwe opangidwa ndi enieni a bizinesi - Sukhoi Design Bureau, RAC MiG, Tupolev ANTK ndi Plant Experimental Machine Plant. V.M. Myasishchev. Zinkawoneka kuti kupambana kunali pafupi.

Zosokonezeka mosayembekezereka

Tsogolo la ndege IL-112, komabe, linali lovuta. Pachifukwa chimodzi, zifukwa zandale ndi zapatimenti zinasokoneza kupititsa patsogolo mituyi. Ntchito yomanga kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka katundu komweku kotsika kwambiri Il-76MD-90A inayendetsa ndalama zambiri za bajeti, choncho otsogolera a Serviyukov adakonza zopempha ndalama zawo. Ntchitoyi inali yowopsya, ngati inali yothetsera vutoli, popeza mpikisano wakunja anafika kumsika wogulitsa ndege, ndipo kwenikweni, ndegeyo inakonzedwa (ndiko kuti, asilikali), ndalama sizinabweretse. Komabe, malonda ena apolisi ndi Ukraine anayamba pafupifupi An-140 ofanana.

Mavuto aumisiri

Ngakhale kuti ntchito yopeza ndalama pokhapokha ngati palibe ndalama za boma zinali zovuta, Ilyushin anaganiza. Ntchitoyi idaphatikizidwa mu dongosolo la chitetezo cha boma ndikuganizira nthawi ya ndege yoyamba. Anasankhidwa mu 2008, kenako anasamukira ku 2010th. Chofunika chaka chilichonse chinali kuyerekezera pa zidutswa 18.

Koma ndi tsiku lino opanga sangathe kupeza zotsatira. Panali zifukwa zambiri, ndipo zinali zenizeni. Chinthu chachikulu chinali chakuti abwenzi (chomera chotchedwa V.Ya. Klimov) sichikanakhoza kupereka injini zoyenera kwa Il-112.

Zizindikiro za ndege zimadalira mphamvu yake. Mphamvu yofunikira pa ndegeyi ndi 3,500 hp. (2 × 1.75,000), ndipo injini ya Klimovo TV7-117ST inangokhala 1.4,000,000. Kuti atsimikizire zotsatira zoyenera, Ilu yatsopanoyo inalibe "mahatchi" 700.

Zambiri zokhudza ndegeyi

Kotero, tsopano za chinthu chachikulu, ndizo zomwe Il-112 ali. Ndilo lamagetsi onse otchedwa monoplane omwe ali ndi mgwirizano wodabwitsa wa magulu akuluakulu opangidwa ndi titaniyamu ndi precural duralite, ndi zinthu zina zopangidwa ndi zida zosiyanasiyana. Mapiko ake ndi apamwamba, ndi mapaundi awiri, digiri yake yamakono ndi yotsika, kuti kuchepetsa kuthamanga kulibe ziphuphu. Fuselage imagawidwa m'zipinda zitatu. Gawo la katundu (monga ena onse) ndilopanda mphamvu. Mchira wa mchira uli wofanana ndi T. Khomo liphatikizidwa ndi gangway, mphambano ndi mphambano ziri mu mchira. Chasisiyi imakhala ndi zothandizira zisanu, zomwe zimapangidwira kumbali zazing'ono.

Ndege zizindikiro

Liwiro la ndegeyi lidzakhala lofanana ndi la An-24 kapena An-26 - kuchokera ku 480 (kutsika) kufika 550 km / h. Denga liri mamita 7600, kusiyana kwake kuli 1000 km, koma makhalidwe omwe amachokera ndi kumtunda adzasintha kwambiri. Kuchotsa, Ilu idzafuna VAP ya mamita 870 m'litali, ndi kukhala pansi - mamita 600. Avionics yachitapo kusintha kwakukulu. Zimaganiziridwa kuti zipangizo zidzakhala zamakono kwambiri. Chipinda cha katundu ndi chachikulu, mphamvu zake ndi zazikulu kuposa katundu amene An-140 akhoza kunyamula.

Ndibwino bwanji?

IL-112 - ndege si yangwiro, koma mungathe kunena molimba mtima kuti ndi zabwino ndithu. Pomwe zida zotsatila VK-3500 zimalowetsedwera m'zinthu zina zosinthika, zikhoza kukwaniritsa ntchito zogulitsira ndege, komanso zitha kutumiza kunja. Makina a mtundu watsopano anali ndi chidwi zaka zingapo zapitazo ndi oimira asilikali a India, ndipo mbiri yabwino idzayang'ana pa iwo ndi makampani ena omwe akuyembekezera. Kuwonjezera pamenepo, nkofunika kuti Utumiki Wathu wa Chitetezo usakhalenso ndi chiyembekezo chofuna kugwirizanitsa bwino ndi mabungwe ake a kumadzulo, kuika patsogolo kugwiritsira ntchito zipangizo zamakono. Palibe china chamakono lero, koma nthawi ikutha.

Uthenga wabwino

Ntchitoyi inakondwerera zaka makumi awiri zokha, yomwe ikhoza kutchedwa ntchito yomanga nthawi yaitali. N'zotheka kuti mu zosiyana ndi zochitika zandale polojekitiyi idzawonjezera pa mndandanda wa malingaliro osayembekezeka, koma posachedwapa pakhala pali nkhani zolimbikitsa. I-112 idzakumbukiridwabe, ndi potsatira ndondomeko ya Purezidenti wa Russian Federation. Ndi imodzi mwazovuta m'kalasi yake, ndipo kupanga kwake kudzakhala njira yabwino kwambiri yokweza makampani ogwirira ndege. Izi zidzafuna ndalama, ndipo zidzapatsidwa.

Samara Aviakor adzakhala malo akulu omwe Il-112 adzasonkhanitsidwa. 2014, kotero, zinakhala zovuta pamapeto pa ndegeyo. Tikuyembekeza kuti patapita zaka zitatu ulendo wake woyamba udzachitika.

Chigamulochi chinakhala chotheka mutatha kusintha lingaliro la kukonza ndege, monga - kusonkhanitsa kupanga zonse ndi kupanga ndi zomangamanga mu dongosolo limodzi. Komabe, akatswiri amakhulupirira kuti sikoyenera kulemba ndege zankhondo kuchokera kumabuku zisanayambe. Kukonzekera kwa zipangizo zamakono zotsimikizirika ndi zodalirika zazithunzi za Soviet zidzakupatsani nthawi yopanga ndikubweretsa ku ndege yoyenera yomwe idzalowe m'malo mwawo.