Ndi anthu chimene: tanthauzo ndi Mau oti

kumvetsa koyamba akuti kunayamba etymology mawu. Ndipo izo zinachitika mu zinenero East Asilavo, Akuti akatswiri zinenero zosiyanasiyana, kuyambira wakale akuti "naroditi (kuti)", ndipo kugwirizana ndi maganizo ubale yogwirizana. N'zochititsa chidwi muzu mawu - "mtundu" ndi "wachibale". ndi anthu mu Kodi Chirasha ano? mawu Izi, ndithudi, timafuna tikulidziwa, komanso ena mfundo zofunika pamene ntchito mawu.

tanthauzo

Choncho, kodi anthu m'njira ochiritsira? mawu izi zikhoza chimatanthauza anthu onse m'dziko lililonse umodzi kapena gulu la anthu, mbiri anapanga. Koma Mulimonsemo kungakhale gulu la anthu ogwirizana ndi muyezo ena ofanana ndi maonekedwe. Komanso, anthu, khamu - Kutolere lalikulu la anthu a anthu anasonkhana pamodzi (kawirikawiri amakhala apamtima zoipa mu kutanthauzira). Kusiyanitsa ntchito mawu akuti m'lingaliro umoyo-ndale, chikhalidwe ndi mitundu.

ethnography

ndi anthu nkhani imeneyi? Sayansi imalimbana ndi malongosoledwe ethnography ya anthu. Maziko poganizira - mtundu (yeniyeni anthu gulu). Poyamba, gulu likugwirizana ndi mataye zimakhalira, ndiyeno - Makhalidwe sekondale: cholowa chikhalidwe ndi miyambo, chipembedzo ndi zoikamo chinenero komanso mwachirengedwe. Asayansi akukhulupirira kuti zizindikiro chabe kusiyanitsa mtundu wina (mafuko gulu) ndi mzake. Izi otchedwa zolembera mitundu amene yaikulu (miyambo ya chipembedzo ndi chikhalidwe, mwachitsanzo) ndi sekondale (izi zikuphatikizapo chinenero, malo okhala, etc.). Ngati ife monga chitsanzo kuwerenga Aromani anthu, tikuona kuti oimira ake amakhala m'mayiko osiyana, kulankhula zinenero zosiyana (kwakukulukulu assimilating iwo), koma ali mamembala a anthu ndi miyambo wamba ndi miyambo.

chuma ndale

ndi anthu chimene monga lingaliro pa nkhani ya sayansi imeneyi? Pano, monga ulamuliro, ndi zotsutsana ndi osankhika ndi mphamvu kuti akhale. Ndipo anthu - ambiri mwa anthu amene alibe mwayi. Unyinji zinthu monga maziko, nthawi zina kudziwa kalekale (monga ali zambiri kale pa kusintha osiyanasiyana). Koma makamaka Mwachitsanzo, mu sayansi andale, maganizo kwa anthu kuchokera osankhika, kani, ogula, limagwiritsa ntchito anthu wamba kubwera kwa mphamvu.

makhalidwe ena

1. Nthawi zina mfundo ya "mtundu" Baibulo limatinso ndi lingaliro la "mtundu". Komabe, zimenezi si zoona kwathunthu. Mtundu gulu la anthu inakhazikitsidwa m'zaka mapangidwe boma. Ndi timapangira lingaliro, koma okha okhudza malo ndi wathupi ukulu. Anthu - ngakhale mfundo kuchepera (kuti mtundu wina angakhale anthu ochepa, monga izo zinali mu USSR, kapena tsopano mu Russia), koma M'malo mwake, kupatula womangidwa ndi mfundo za territoriality ndi zenizeni nthawi. Nations zina pali kunja kwa malire komanso dongosolo lokhazikitsidwa ndi boma. Komabe, mitundu yosiyanasiyana akhoza pamodzi mtundu umodzi.
2. Mtengo wa "wamba" lomwe lili ndi zoipa wachikuda hue. Thiabendazole angagwiritsidwe ntchito ngati kulekana kwa mphamvu osankhika ndi khamu wopanda mphamvu mu terminology ndale.
3. Tanthauzo la "anthu", "omvera" chifukwa kumabungwe ena a anthu (makamaka malo kulenga ndi malo malonda). Mwachitsanzo, madalaivala basi kulankhula za okwera.

anthu a dziko

Ndi angati pali anthu pa dziko lapansi? Yankho lenileni, zikubweretsa deta anthu sayansi ndi chimodzi chimene, mwina, sudzapereka wina. Asayansi ena amakhulupirira kuti pafupifupi zikwi ziwiri, ena - atatu, ngakhale zitatu ndi theka. Ndipo pamene muona zing'onozing'ono osatinso mitundu analipo a dziko? Asayansi ena kukhala zinalembedwa zinenero. Ndipo iwo akudziwa za 7000. Ndipo izo zimatengera chimene i kuchimvetsa. Chulyms anthu, monga ife tikudziwira, ndi ambiri ang'ono numerically mu Russia. chiwerengero cha anthu ake atachoka kuposa anthu 300. Ndipo Latvia Livonians panali anthu 180 okha.

anthu Russian

Iye ambiri ndithu (malinga ndi kafukufuku zosiyanasiyana za sayansi, anthu 129 ndi 150 miliyoni). Russian mtundu ndi Asilavo Eastern, anapanga ku Russian mtundu wakale ndipo anthu zakwawoko la Russia (kuposa 80% ya anthu). Ambiri Russian kunja kwa Palestina alipo mu Ukraine, Kazakhstan ndi United States, Belarus ndi Eastern Europe. Pali ena oimira mu ngodya zambiri zakutali za dziko lathuli.

Chinenero chimene chinkalankhulidwa ndi anthu - Russian. Adzaupereka kwa East Asilavo subgroup a zinenero (banja m'mayiko a European). Kulemba ntchito zilembo za Chisililiki. Mu zaka za Soviet Union (ndipo tsopano) Russian ndi zinenero zosiyanasiyana. Waukulu ankati chipembedzo - Orthodoxy. ROC - Orthodox Russian - lakonzedwa kugwirizanitsa anthu Russian m'chikhulupiriro. chigawocho ake kumeneko ndi ku mayiko ena kumene nthumwi moyo wa anthu osiyanasiyana.