The ankafika choyamba cha mwamuna pa mwezi. Date, mbiri, maina

Space wakhala danga, amene amakopeka ndi moyandikana ndi inaccessibility. Anthu ofufuza chikhalidwe ndi chidwi - ndi patsogolo chitukuko ngati lingaliro luso, ndi kukula kwa chikumbumtima. The ankafika choyamba cha mwamuna pa mwezi zinalimbitsa chikhulupiriro kuti ife angathe kuthawa interplanetary.

Earth Kanema

dzina Russian "Luna" thupi dziko, kuchokera ku Baibulo Proto-Asilavo amatanthauza "kuwala." Ndi kachipangizo chilengedwe cha dziko lathuli ndi yapafupi lakumwamba thupi lake. angathe kusonyeza dzuwa padziko chimapangitsa chinthu chachiwiri cha mwezi mu kuwala kumwamba. Pa chiyambi cha thupi dziko , pali malingaliro awiri: limati choyamba kuti pakutchulidwa munthawi yomweyo ndi Lapansi, wachiwiri anena kuti mwezi anapanga kwina, koma pambuyo pake anagwidwa ndi yokoka lapansi.

Kanema kuli amakwiya kuoneka zotsatira wapadera kwa dziko lathuli. Mwachitsanzo, mphamvu ya kukopa Luna wake akhoza kusamalira umachokera kwa madzi (mafunde). Chifukwa cha kukula, amalandiranso kuukira gawo meteoroid kuposa kumlingo amateteza lapansi.

maphunziro koyamba

The ankafika choyamba cha mwamuna pa mwezi - chifukwa cha chidwi American ndi cholinga cha mayiko lidzakudzidzimutseni Soviet Union mu magazini yatsopano ya kudziwa malo. Pakuti ambiri zaka anthu ali kuonera thupi ili m'mwamba. Kutulukira mu 1609 wa zakutali ndi Galileo nthambi anapanga njira zithunzi kuphunzira patsogolo kwambiri ndi zolondola. Popeza Ndinagwira zaka zoposa zana, mpaka anthu asankha kutumiza thupi kunja kwa opanda choyamba. Ndipo icho chinali chimodzi mwa zoyambirira Russian anali pano. September 13, 1959 padziko danga chipangizo mwezi ankafika robotic dzina la Kanema wa.

Chaka ankafika oyamba pa mwezi - 1969. Chimodzimodzi 10 Patapita zaka, chombo American Ndatsegula M'maso watsopano chitukuko cha chitukuko. Chifukwa maphunziro mwatsatanetsatane tinatsegula mfundo zosangalatsa za kubadwa ndi kapangidwe ka Kanema wa. Zimenezi, kunapangitsa kuti kusintha maonekedwe a kungoganizira a dziko lapansi.

American ulendo

Spacecraft "Apollo 11" anayamba kuthawa ake pa 16 July. Adalira inkakhala chombo atatu. Cholinga cha ulendo unali ankafika choyamba cha mwamuna pa mwezi. Kuti galimoto Kanema anaulukira kwa masiku anayi. Ndipo pa July 20, midzi gawo mu Nyanja ya mtendere. Mu gawo kum'mwera kumadzulo kwa gulu kumeneko ena nthawi: maola oposa 20. Wamba anthu padziko 2 chasa inatenga mphindi 31. July 24 adalira anabwerera padziko lapansi, kumene iye anali mu kwaokha kwa masiku angapo: mwezi chombo tizilombo sanapezeke.

Woyamba pa nthaka mwezi analowa Neil Armstrong (mtsogoleri), maminiti ochepa Edvin Oldrin (woyendetsa). Maykl Kollinz (mmodzi kwambiri woyendetsa) anadikira anzake mu kanjira. Chombo inaimika ndi American mbendera ndi zipangizo zida sayansi. Choncho, kukonza zonse chachiwiri, ankafika loyamba la anthu pa Moon zinalengedwa. Kumasulidwa mwalamulo adalowa logbook ndi mu mbiri mbiri ya dziko lapansi: ndi odziwika June 21, 1969.

Neil Armstrong

Kuti mbiri ya anagonjetsa mwezi unali wodzala, muyenera mutidziwe bwino biographies yochepa ofufuza chake choyamba. kuyamba ndi ngwazi chachikulu cha nkhani imeneyi - Neil Armstrong. Iye anali ndi banja lalikulu: makolo achikondi, mlongo wamng'ono ndi m'bale. bambo ake ankagwira ntchito Auditor: onse a m'banja anayenda naye kudzera boma mzinda. yakhala kalekale okha Wapakoneta (Ohio). Mnyamatayo anali chabwino, anali Boy Scout udindo wapamwamba.

Choyamba ntchito Armstrong - Air Force mayeso woyendetsa, iye anali nawo nkhondo ndi Korea. Mu 1958 ndinalembetsa oyendetsa gulu danga. Monga mtsogoleri, anapanga ndege yake yoyamba pa sitima "Gemini 8" mu 1966. Spacewalks, kupatula ankafika pa mwezi, sanatero. Mu 1970 anapita ku Russia ngati gawo la NASA nthumwi. Kuyambira 1971 mpaka 1979 anagwira ntchito mphunzitsi. Iye anafa patapita analephera kulambalala opaleshoni mu 2012.

Edwin Aldrin

Iwo ali chiyambi Scotland. atate wake anatumikira mu Army US pamalo a kapitawo. Mwana anatsanzira ake ndi kukana maphunziro apamwamba, analowa usilikali Academy. Mlongo wamng'ono anali amaitcha kuti Edwin Buzz dzina, chifukwa iwo sazindikira mokwanira amanyoza mawu akuti "m'bale".

Aldrin maphunziro maphunziro ake pa udindo wa mkulu, ndipo anatumizidwa ku Korea. Kenako ndinatsegula ndege nkhondo. Atabwerera ku kutsogolo iye anali mphunzitsi wothandizira wa Academy wa Air Force, kenako ikumasuliridwa utumiki pakati pa ndege mlengalenga.

Mu chaka cha 1988 (mu woyendetsa a) anatumizidwa ku ndege okoloorbitny "Jen-12." Mu ulendo uno Aldrin anapanga spacewalk choyamba. The "Apollo 11" recaps anaulukira ndi otchedwa mwezi ntchito. Pamwamba pa Kanema njira mphindi 20, lamulo ndipo amachititsa kuwombera mbiri. Mu 1971 ntchito yake pa NASA kunali kutatha.

"Adapuma wokayenda pamwezi" ... Zinali mantha kwambiri chifukwa Edwin. Ena magwero zosavomerezeka amati Aldrin anali paulendo wachiwiri wa ilili analonjeza. Koma unakhalabe "wachiwiri" munthu pa mwezi. Zimenezi zoipa bwanji psyche wa wokayenda pamwezi kale, inatuluka anayamba kumwa mowa ndipo anakhala maganizo. Kuyambira 1970, anayamba kuyesa yekha ngati wolemba. Iye ndi amene analemba mabuku angapo za kufufuza malo ndi kugonjetsa mwezi.

Maykl Kollinz

khalidwe lina n'kofunika "mwezi" wa mbiri. The ndege yoyamba ndi spacewalk adayikiza ndi Michael mu 1966 pa sitima 'Dremin-10. " Pa maulendowa wachiwiri anali kuyembekezera chombo kwa gawo lamulo. The chombo anawalamula kuti: vuto la kulephera pansi pamwamba ndi kulemba chochitika. Komanso ankafunika kuthandiza anthu ogwira ntchito, ngati iwo amapezeka mu anaima mutu ndi. Koma ntchito yake yaikulu inali: ngakhale, kuti abwerere chombo Earth. M'dzina la Michael Collins Moon Chigwa dzina mbali yowala.

Kuchotsa maphunziro

Akukhulupirira kuti ndege ya mwezi ndi kafukufuku wake yogwira lero anasiya, koma izo siziri. Kamodzi kwambiri sitepe mbiri Armstrong mwezi pansi zina "Apollo". Si onse ulendo zinali bwino, aphindu kwambiri kwa sayansi. Rumor ali pano mwezi "amaulutsira" mwa alendo. Back mu 1972 mu United States Senate pa msonkhano wakhala lipoti la kulowelera mu mapulogalamu danga la asilikali wanzeru zakuthambo. Mpaka lero, atolankhani zina seep zithunzi zomwe zalembedwa magetsi zachilendo kumbali yamdima ya mwezi.

Koma samaletsa anthu kwa alendo kufufuza thupi akunja. Baibulo ambiri ndithu a kutha kwa flights mwezi imatengedwa kusowa ndalama. Space yojambula mu 70 ntchentche Mu zaka zapitazo zinachitika chifukwa ungakopeke ndi Soviet Union. Atapambana ena kumbali US ndalama pakuika chitukuko ndege anagwera. Woyamba ankafika anthu pa mwezi, tsiku la chimene chinali chiyambi cha latsopano "danga" lothandiza, anakhala mapeto ake: Ndipotu anthu ataya chilakolako kugonjetsa thupi lakumwamba. ntchito ka kuchotsa ndege, ndipo ankaimba mphekesera kovutitsa kuti Armstrong ndi gulu lake sanakhalepo kwa mwezi ndi Saga lonse basi mwaluso ankaimba.

"Moon" chiwembu

Pali maganizo amenewa mu "mtundu" ndi Soviet Union, zolembedwa zonse ankafika anali ananamizira ndi boma la US. Chiyambi cha kumuyalutsa ndi imatengedwa buku American B. casing, amene muli kuthekera izi. Ngakhale pambuyo pa mlandu kwasonyeza kuti mankhwala anali kuyankha zachilengedwe ku mphekesera za mbiri mu dziko.

Pali umboni wosonyeza wochirikiza chiphunzitsochi kuti ankafika kwa munthu woyamba pa mwezi - ndi falsification :

• Kafukufuku amene anachitika mu 1976, anthu zowerengera la America.
• zochita Video maphunziro akatswiri Lapansi ofotokoza, umene ndi kufanana wosangalatsa ndi wodzigudubuza, ndi kanema pa Kanema wa.
• Modern chithunzi kusanthula ntchito chithunzi mkonzi, kumene kuzindikiridwa nkhani zolakwika pamthunzi.
• US mbendera yokha. Asayansi ena woyamba adafotokoza kuti minofu sangathe kukhala pansi yokoka mwezi chifukwa cha kusowa mphepo.
• Zithunzi "kwa mwezi" palibe nyenyezi.
• Edwin Aldrin Anakana kulumbirira m'Baibulo amene adza kwa pamwamba pa thupi lakumwamba.

milandu onse ankafika mbali anapeza mafotokozedwe achilengedwe. Mwachitsanzo, retouching kuti ntchito chithunzi cha luso kwa buku, wosati ripple pa mbendera mphepo, ndi kuchokera kanthu spaceman (damped oscillation), amene amapereka mbendera. marekodi choyambirira osachisunga, ndiye, chakuti chinthu choyamba Kanema Lapansi ndi kukhala zovuta.

The Russian anali zinachitika chonyansa mu chaka cha ankafika woyamba pa mwezi anthu. Boma Soviet sanamuona zoyenera kuika anthu a dzikoli kuzindikira chochitika American. Ngakhale kazembe Russian anaitanidwa, pa kukhazikitsidwa kwa "Apollo 11" iye silinafike. chifukwa lotchedwa ulendo wake pa zochitika zofunika boma.