Ndi kuchuluka kwa chinenero Russian chiyani? The yochepa yankho la funso

SiWake kuchuluka kwa chinenero Russian nkomwe aliyense angayerekeze. Ndipo amene mtima n'kunena pa nkhaniyi, akumenya kukhumudwa zakutchire, chifukwa chirichonse ophunzira pang'ono anthu a dziko lapansi adziwe kuti mphamvu ya chinenero kwambiri Russian ndi yosatheka kuneneka! Kodi ndimamvera mwachindunji ndi mwachidule pa funso la chimene ali bodza lomwelo mphamvu, amene anatchuka chifukwa chinenero kwathu? M'nkhaniyi tiona adzayesa mwachidule kumvetsa chifukwa chinenero umenewu wakhala kwambiri lotseguka, lalikulu ndi lamphamvu.

kulowa

, M'pofunikanso kukumbukira mwambo wakale tisanayambe kukambirana za kodi kulemera kwa chinenero cha Chirasha. Amadziwika kuti kale m'zaka za m'ma IX wa Asilavo kale anayankhula kwa chinenero Old Russia. Kumene, kuyambira Anagonjera kusintha ambiri ndi kusintha, koma izo zakhala zamakono wamba. Akuti chitukuko cha chinenero lodabwitsa sanali philologists yekha ndi akatswiri a zinenero, komanso anthu aluso onse Russia. Iwo angwiro iwo, kuwupangitsa wokongola kwambiri ndipo m'tsogolo. Chifukwa cha zimenezi, anasangalala kwambiri kunja. alendo ambiri amachita chidwi ndi chinenero nthetemya zosiyanasiyana ndipo akufuna kuphunzira. Choona chidwi kuti lero mayi lilime lathu ndi chimodzi mwa zisanu zinenero amagwiritsidwa ntchito mu dziko.

Chinthu chachikulu mapangidwe a

ndi kuchuluka kwa chinenero Russian chiyani? Yankho la funso limeneli n'chotheka pambuyo kusanthula mbiri ya zikamera ndi kukula kwa chinenero, chifukwa ngati tingathe kuweruza za chinthu popanda sanadziwe kumene kuchokera? Ngati si Chikhristu, tikhoza kunena motsimikiza pafupifupi mtheradi kuti Chirasha sanali ndendende chimene ife tikudziwira izo lero. Iwo anazindikira kuti Chiyukireniya, Chibelarusi ndi Russian zinenero ofanana kwambiri kwa wina ndi mzake. Mwina ngati osati kulambira, anthu onse ananena chinachake ambiri pakati pa zilankhulo zitatu izi, ndipo ndiye chithunzi mtundu wa dziko akhala akukonza kusintha kwakukulu.

Zocitika za Peter I

Pachimake pa chitukuko cha chinenero anabwera m'zaka XVII-XVIII, ndi ngongole zambiri amapita kwa Peter I. Zinthu zinasintha zinachitika m'zaka XVII, zinali ndiye mfumu mwachangu kusintha m'madera onse a maziko boma. Ndithudi, zonse kusintha sanathe kupatsira mbali yofunika kwambiri - chikhalidwe ndi chinenero. Iye anali wokhoza kuti litsatira wosasintha yapachiweniweni atathamangitsidwa Kirillov theka-uncial. Iye analamula kuti aliyense ntchito terminology latsopano limene anaitenga ku mayiko a ku Ulaya. Dziwani kuti zaluso zonsezi mbali ambiri anachitira ndi zochitika asilikali. Pa nthawi iyi mu chinenero Russian mawu monga guardhouse, ndi achinsinsi ndi logwirika. Peter Ine padera kwambiri kuchuluka kwa zinthu zake kuti kutsegula nyumba kusindikiza. Anatulutsa mabuku luso, komanso mabuku apadera ndale. Zonsezi zinathandiza kugwila mu kulemba mfundo pakati ndi zipilala chikhalidwe cha nthawi.

Mikhail Lomonosov

Tisaiwale za munthu wina ofunika kwambiri amene anapanga chopereka kwambiri kuti chitukuko cha chinenero. Tikuyankhula zokhudza Mikhail Lomonosov. Iye analemba ntchito zake pa chinenero bwino Russian ndi kuyesetsa kutsatira malamulo a chilankhulo. Patapita nthawi, malamulo amenewa akhala anadzetsa chinenero a boma, nanga chidwi kwambiri, n'chakuti tikugwiritsabe ntchito ambiri a iwo! Mihaila Lomonosova chopereka kwambiri underrated, koma kwa gawo lalikulu kokha chifukwa iye anali ndi nthambi ngati wa sayansi, monga galamala, zimene zinachititsa kuti buku la mawu woyamba maphunziro. Pa ndalama zawo, anafalitsa "Russian galamala" omwe lero ndi imodzi mwa chuma waukulu wa chikhalidwe Russian. Kuyambira nthawi imeneyo anayamba kuzindikira pagulu la chinenero cha Chirasha monga wamkulu ndi wamphamvu. Iwo amasangalala kunja anayamba kuphunzira ndi patsogolo. Pambuyo kufalitsa mabuku la galamala ana zinalembedwa, amene massively akuyendera mu maphunziro. Kuti Mikhail gawo la lemba mu kalembedwe, kusonyeza luso, malonda ndi sayansi.

The ndondomeko ya kusintha kwa chinenero Russian akupitiriza ndipo n'zokayikitsa kuti idzatha. Zonse pali zinthu zatsopano, umisiri ndi sayansi yatsopano omwe amafunika mawu wapadera. A zambiri mawu chinenero chathu borrows akunja, koma samaletsa kuti akhalebe mu chomwecho otchuka, lodzaza ndi Mipikisano faceted.

Mphamvu ya chinenero

Kodi n'zotheka ndithudi kulemba, kodi chuma cha chinenero cha Chirasha? Mwina mwaonapo kuti tsiku, ndi wina wa zilankhulo zapamwamba kwambiri, otchuka ndi kukonzedwa padziko lonse lomwe lili ndi Nawonso achichepere yaikulu mabuku ndi kulemba. Koma kodi kuchuluka kwa chinenero cha Chirasha, mmene kumasiyana ndi ena, amene mbali lexical ndi kalembedwe kuchipanga icho bwino? Dziwani kuti pamene akuyamba kuganizira kufunika ndi kuchuluka kwa chinenero, chinthu choyamba inu kuyang'ana ofufuza - dikishonale. Ngati lili ndi mawu amene amapereka zinthu zosiyana Kufikika, yomveka bwino ndiponso wodziŵa chinenero, ndi zigwirizana makalata, amene ali abwino ndi yabwino kulankhula, kenako tikhoza kunena kuti chinenero wolemera mokwanira. K.Paustovsky mobwerezabwereza anati kokha mu chinenero cha Chirasha pofotokoza zochitika wamba achilengedwe monga mvula, mphepo, nyanja, dzuwa, thambo, udzu, etc., pali yaikulu zosiyanasiyana zizindikiro zosiyanasiyana. Lexical kuchuluka kwa chinenero momveka bwino kwambiri zimaonekera otanthauzira zosiyanasiyana. Dal waphatikizapo mawu oposa 200 000 mu "Dictionary wa Russian Language".

zamalankhulidwe imapeza

Kuchuluka ndi expressiveness chinenero Russian mwachuluka amadalira tanthauzo mawu apitirize. Mu mphindi ino chinenero kwathu ndi si otsika, chifukwa tili ndi ambiri ofanana matanthauzo, homonyms ndi mawu osavuta waphindu. Tisaiwale kuti ofananira - mawu ena ofanana tanthauzo. Mu Russian, kwambiri mawu kuchita osati kamodzi kupulumutsidwa andakatulo hapless amene anapita openga kufunafuna nyimbo yatsopano: Munthu akhoza kungowauzira kuwerenga mwatcheru dictionary. Nkofunika kuzindikira kuti ofanana matanthauzo si maina osiyana basi chinthu chomwecho, iwo Mukalongosola yekha chuma enieni chinthu, kuthandiza kwambiri ndi kwambiri kufotokoza chilichonse. Timapereka chitsanzo yaing'ono, pogwiritsa ntchito mawu akuti "wotchuka". Mosavuta m'malo mayunitsi monga "chabwino", "chachikulu", "zodabwitsa" ndi "odziwika bwino". Komanso, aliyense adjective limasonyeza mawu mu subtext wapadera. The adjective "chachikulu" limafotokoza chinthu mwachikulu, mawu akuti "chabwino" amapereka kuwunika poyerekeza "wotchuka" amatanthauza khalidwe Mkhalidwe, ndi "zodabwitsa" amalola kuti auze maganizo athu kuti chinachake.

Mau ofanana ndi mbali yofunika ndi yofunika woyankhula, chifukwa iwo amakulolani zosiyanasiyana mawu ophiphiritsa ndi kupewa kubwereza mumangonyong'onyeka. Chidwi kwambiri ndi chakuti nthawi zina ntchito mofanana, okhala makhalidwe awo simungakhoze kukhala ubale uliwonse kwa nkhaniyi funso. Mwachitsanzo, timanena mawu, "ambiri" kenako nkhani yake akhoza m'malo ndi ofanana monga mdima, phompho, Prorva, nyanja, dzombe, etc. Ichi ndi chitsanzo chimodzi chokha, koma zikusonyeza kusiyana kwa chinenero cha Chirasha.

mawu

Kuti amadziwa kuchuluka kwa chinenero cha Chirasha, muyenera kukumbukira za mfundo chofunika, mawu a amene amalola kufotokoza mumtima. Pali zabwino ndi zoipa mawu. mawu awa a pakuwonana koyamba, ngati wokongola, yapamwamba, molimba, wokongola ndi ena. mawu awa a mtundu wachiwiri, ngati osasamala, palibe okonda Wolankhula, etc. chilankhulo kwathu ndi amazipanga wolemera mawu emotive kuti amakulolani kufotokoza maganizo monga mwachikondi, kupsa mtima, chikondi, mkwiyo, etc., ntchito zosiyanasiyana mayunitsi, omwe ali ndi tanthauzo lapadera. Mikhail Lomonosov komanso zinali kuchitika ka izi, kuti zinenero ziwiri zokha nacho okwanira mawu ziweto ndi umalitelnyh, Russian ndi Chitaliyana.

phraseology

Komabe mokwanira anamasulira funso kodi kulemera kwa chinenero cha Chirasha. Mwachidule tinganene kuti kuchuluka kwa chinenero zoyembekezeka chuma mayunitsi payekha. Sitingathe kuyiwala za phraseology, amene ndi mbali yofunika ya mawu. Kukhazikika akuti anachokera ku mbiri yakale, zochitika zakale ndiponso zimene zinachitikira lino la anthu. Mawu a anthu wamba ambiri momveka bwino komanso mochenjera kusonyeza mbali zosiyanasiyana za moyo. No asayansi zodabwitsa anasonkhana nzeru za anthu pang'ono pang'ono, chifukwa fuko - ichi ndi mlengi bwino ndi Wosunga chidziwitso moyo. Asayansi ena ngakhale kuyerekeza ndi wowerengeka nzeru zapamwamba wamba omwe, moyo, amatulutsa maphunziro ake wapatali. Dziŵani ndi lalikulu Russian phraseology, mungathe kugwiritsa ntchito "phrasebook Russian chinenero" pansi pa editorship wa Molotov.

Patsogolo mawu achilendo

Zitsanzo za chuma Russian N'zosatheka mawu amene anabwera kwa ife kuchokera kunja. Iwo bwino chinenero chathu. Kuyenera anati yekha Chirasha ali ndi chiwerengero zazikulu kwambiri za prefixes ndi suffixes kulenga mawu atsopano. Akatswiri kawirikawiri kumasulira mawu zakunja translit - kuti mwina mukufuna izo. Nthawi zina zonse, kuwala limapezeka mawu atsopano wapadera.

galamala

Kodi kulemera kwa chinenero cha Chirasha, ngati si mu galamala ya? Ichi ndi chimodzi mwa zigawo zikuluzikulu zofunika kwambiri ya kulankhula. galamala wathu wolemekezeka osati kusinthasintha ake, komanso limaonetseratu. Kuphunzira chinenero mlendo - zovuta. Zimene ananena za zovuta la zilankhulo zina, komabe Russian, ndi kuchuluka ake onse, ikhala imodzi yovuta kwambiri. Mwachitsanzo, tingaganizire za gulu la mitundu, zimene zikusonyeza njira otaya kanthu. Ndi penapake zovuta kuposa gulu la nthawi, chifukwa zimathandiza m'njira zosiyanasiyana kuti mufotokozere kanthu. Mwachitsanzo, "kuchita" mneni zingamvekere ngati "prodelyvat", "mapeto", "mapeto", etc. Pafupifupi mu chinenero cha dziko palibe mitundu angapo a mawu.

Ziganizo za kuchuluka kwa chinenero Russian

Ife ndinayang'ana mbali zambiri zolankhula zathu. Ndiye kodi chuma cha chinenero cha Chirasha? Mwachidule yesani kuyankha funso mawu a anthu otchuka. Ndipo Turgenev analamula kuti: "Samalani a chinenero, chinenero chathu wokongola Russian, chuma ichi ndi cholowa kudzera mwa akalambula wathu." mwabwino kwambiri kuika, Nikolai Gogol, amene analemba kuti: "chozizwitsa zokometsera chinenero chathu. kuti ngakhale phokoso, ndi mphatso, onse granular, coarsely, pamene iye ndi ngale, kulondola, dzina lina wapatali kuposa chinthu chokha" Friedrich Chichewa anapanga chidwi: "Kodi wokongola Chirasha! ubwino onse a German popanda nkhanza zake zoopsa. "

Kufotokoza nkhani anadzipereka chinenero Russian, ine ndikufuna kunena kuti chimodzi cha olemera, zinenero olemera ndi zapamwamba, koma pa nthawi yomweyo - kovuta. Aliyense mwayi pidakwana kubalwa ndi kulankhula chinenero, n'komwe za mphatso iye analandira. ndi kuchuluka kwa chinenero Russian chiyani? Yankho lake ndi losavuta: m'mbiri yathu ndi anthu amene analenga chinenero unbeaten.