Ndime ya nzeru ndi zizindikiro zawo

Philosophy - mwambo kuti amaphunzira malamulo ndiponso mfundo zenizeni ofunika. Izo umalimbana chidziwitso cha nkhani zikuluzikulu za moyo, kudziwa khalidwe la ubwenzi wa munthu ndi dziko. Akamanena za nzeru lagona pa yankho la funso: chifukwa? Ngakhale kuti sayansi wakhala kuphunzira mafunso ongolankhula, phindu lake ndi zofunika, chifukwa mayankho apezeka kuti akumvetseni bwino chenicheni lozungulira ife.

zigawo zikuluzikulu za nzeru

Pali magawo ambiri a nzeru (kuchuluka kwa mayunitsi oposa 50), iwo ali osiyana, poyamba pa zonse, ndi phunziro la. Choncho, Anthropology, nzeru limayankha mafunso za munthu: udindo wake mu dziko, anayambira, ndife Akristu ndi ena ambiri. Achipembedzo chinkhoswe kuphunzira nkhani ya zipembedzo: chikhalidwe cha Mulungu, zimasiyana zikhulupiriro za izo, imaunika chikhalidwe ndi zikhulupiliro za anthu ena.

Poyamba zigawo nzeru zikhoza kugawidwa m'magulu: mkulu nzeru zaumunthu, nzeru zikutanthauza chidziwitso, ongolankhula ndi othandiza.

Choncho tikakhala ndi zigawo zikuluzikulu za sayansi iyi:

• makhalidwe;
• aesthetics;
• Chikhalidwe chathu, ndale ndi chipembedzo nzeru;
• maphunziro azachilengedwe;
• mfundo;
• metaphysics;
• axiology.

Ndime za anthu, anadzipereka mwamuna ndi ntchito zake

Anthropology. Gawo Ili likuyenera zoyenera kuphunzira chikhalidwe ndi akamanena za munthu, ubale wake ndi Mulungu, chilengedwe, ntchito anthu, moyo ndi imfa, ndi zina zochitika. M'modzi wa omwe adayambitsa wa malangizo German m'zaka za m'ma 20, Maks Sheler yekha taonera kulemba kuti munthu adziwe zosatheka, chifukwa lonse. Komabe, kafukufuku nthanthi wa munthu imachitika patali chotero, iwo akufuna kumvetsa mfundo zofunikira ziwiri: moyo Apa ndi mzimu.

nzeru Social. Apa, phunziro la akutumikira anthu, ndi ubale munthu izo. Chinthu kuphunzira ndi nzeru za akubweretsa Chaanthu ongolankhula, koma kusiyana kwawo ndi nzeru ali ndi ntchito yovuta, kudziŵa malamulo a Chaanthu.

nzeru Political. Gawo Ili likuyenera zoyenera kuphunzira mfundo zandale, mfundo akamanena za zodabwitsazi. Komanso anayamba muyezo umene iwo akhoza imawunikidwa ndi kusanthula ubale pakati pa boma, anthu ndi munthu.

chipembedzo. mbali iyi ndiyo kufufuza ubale wa Supreme ndi chiyambi cha zinthu. Chigawo chino, mosiyana ndi zamulungu, wakhala wokwanira kulungamitsidwa.

Mabwalo nzeru za kukhala

Metaphysics. Ichi ndi chimodzi mwa ziwalo zofunika kwambiri za anthu, chifukwa amachita makamaka pa nkhani zokhudza kukhala. Apa tikuphunzira chilengedwe pachiyambi cha dziko ndi zenizeni. Ngakhale kalelo, pamene wakhanda nzeru zake, metaphysics zapatsidwa zofunika kwambiri. Kuchokera pa ichi, pali nthambi zitatu za izo: wakale, Agiriki ndi amakono.

Maphunziro azachilengedwe. Izi gawo pa Koyamba palibe wosiyana metaphysics, koma pali kusiyana kwambiri pakati pa awiri: mu maphunziro azachilengedwe a nthanthi maganizo ndi odzipereka kwa mfundo za kukhala ndi magulu a zinthu.

Ndime za anthu, anadzipereka kuganiza ndi maganizo

Axiology. M'chigawo chino, ife chinkhoswe mu kuphunzira mfundo chitukuko cha ziphunzitso za iwo. Kwa nthawi yoyamba akulankhula za iyo, Socrates, amene mawunikidwe anali makamaka umalimbana kumvetsa funso: kodi phindu?

Ethics. Nkhani yaikulu ya kuphunzira chikhalidwe - makhalidwe ndi makhalidwe. Apa, kuganizira chikhalidwe cha mfundo imeneyi, mitundu ndi makhalidwe, ndi kuphunzira kusintha awo ndi udindo pa anthu. chidwi linaperekedwa kwa kuphunzira mfundo zabwino ndi zoipa, tanthauzo la moyo, chilungamo ndi chabwino.

Aesthetics. Izi gawo khama chiphunzitso cha akamanena za kukongola ndi mtundu uliwonse wa moyo, chikhalidwe ndi chilengedwe luso. Mu tinganene wa aesthetics nkhani - luso ndi mawonekedwe ake limaonetseratu.

Zomveka. Izi sayansi ya maganizo a anthu, njira zake, malamulo ndi mawonekedwe. Gawo kapita - aluntha ntchito chidziwitso, lomwe dongosolo ndi kuphunzira chilangochi.

Ndime nzeru za si pamwamba, iwo amene ali pano ndi zowombetsa mkota kwambiri.