Ng'ombe ya Vietnamese yotchedwa Visloobryuhaya: zonse zokhudza mtunduwu. Momwe mungathandizire ndi kutulutsa nkhumba zotchedwa Vietnamese guinea pigs?

Posachedwapa, nkhumba ya Vietnamese ya vislobryukha yatha kukhala nyama yonyansa chabe. Amalonda omwe amagwira ntchito kumalimi, anayamba kuleka kusankha kwawo pa kuswana kwa nyama zinyama zokongolazi.

Mbiri ya mtunduwu

Nkhumba ya Vietnamese yotchedwa vislobryuhaya nkhumba inachotsedwa ku Vietnam kupita ku Canada ndi kummawa kwa Ulaya mu 1985. Pang'ono ndi pang'ono, mafashoni oweta nyamazi amafalitsidwa ku mayiko ambiri: America, France, Hungary, Poland ndi ena. Ntchito yoswana bwino kwambiri ikuchitika ku Hungary ndi Canada. M'mayikowa, akatswiri akuyesera kuti mtunduwo ukhale wokopa kwambiri, kubzala kukula kwa nyama ndi kuchuluka kwa minofu yake. Ku Russia, mtunduwu wafalikira posachedwapa, alimi amphaka akungoyamba kumene kubzala nkhumba zabwinozi.

Zizindikiro za mtunduwu

Nkhumba za mtundu wa Vietnamese zimasiyana ndi zinthu zomwe ziyenera kuganiziridwa pamene zimaswana. Ambiri mwa iwo ndi ubwino, kuchititsa kufalikira mofulumira kwa mafashoni pofuna kusamalira nkhumba.

Chimodzi mwa zikuluzikulu za mtunduwu ndiko kusasitsa kwa nyama. Pakadutsa miyezi inayi, amayi amayamba kugonana, ndipo nkhumba zimakonzekera kubereka pa miyezi isanu ndi umodzi. Ndipo kusamalira nkhumba zowonongeka ndizosavuta, chifukwa nkhumba sizimasokoneza izo ndipo zimakhala zokoma. Iye mwiniwake amasamalira mwanayo, ali ndi chibadwa cha amayi chokhazikika.

Mbali ina ya nkhumbazi ndi zabwino zowononga chitetezo, zimakhala zabwino kwambiri kupirira nyengo yotentha komanso yozizira. Nyama izi zimawopa zokhazokha, zomwe zimavulaza nkhumba zing'onozing'ono.

Maonekedwe

Dzina lake ndi vislobryuhaya Nguruwe ya Vietnam yomwe imalandira chifukwa cha mimba yaikulu yamadzi, yomwe imakhala yovuta kwambiri chifukwa cha miyendo yochepa.

Nkhumba zikhoza kukhala zoyera kapena zakuda. Pali anthu a mtundu wa marble, kuphatikiza zonsezi. Chifukwa cha miyendo yochepa, mimba ya nkhumba imakhudza pansi. Msana wawo ndi concave pang'ono, pamutu ndi makutu ang'onoang'ono. Masewera amakumbukira chiwerengero chachikulu cha mapepala a accordion. Kunja, nkhumba za nkhumbazi zimakhala zofanana ndi chifuwa cha pug chifukwa cha chiwerengero chachikulu cha nkhumba.

Nkhumba zimatha kukula ndi kulemera kwa zaka zisanu zoyambirira, ngakhale pang'onopang'ono njirayi ikucheperachepera. Kulemera kwa nkhumba za Vietnamese, kufika chaka, pafupifupi makilogalamu 80. Msika wa ziweto nthawi zambiri umaimiridwa ndi anthu omwe akulemera pafupifupi makilogalamu 100.

Phindu la kuswana

Vietnamese vislobryuhaya yatchuka ndi zotsatirazi zotsatirazi:

1. Kutsika kochepa.

2. Kukwanira kwakukulu, kulola kuti anthu angapo akhale mu makina amodzi.

3. Kutetezeka kwa chitetezo kumatenda ku matenda ndi madontho otentha.

4. Kukhoza kukhala pafupifupi chaka chonse (malingana ndi malo obereketsera) opanda ufulu, monga mitsempha imapirira bwino kutentha kutentha m'nyengo yozizira.

5. Nyama ndi zoyera, zopanda fungo labwino pafupifupi pafupifupi nkhumba zonse za mitundu ina.

6. Ali ndi nyama yamtundu wokhala ndi mafuta ochepa komanso opanda mitsempha. Cholesterol Chochepa m'zidazi zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zotheka kuzidya kwa anthu omwe ali ndi matenda aakulu.

7. Kukhwima msinkhu kumapangitsa kuti mbeu yoyamba ikhale yamakono yomwe yatha miyezi 7 mpaka 7. Pachifukwa ichi, nyama zomwe zimakhala zaka pafupifupi 30, zimatha kusokoneza moyo wawo wonse. Kuwonjezera apo, nkhumba za Vietnam zimakhala zazikulu kwambiri, zimabweretsa nthawi kuchokera nkhumba 12 mpaka 20.

8. Kukhala wodekha komanso wabwino. Lolani wokhala nawo ku nkhumba, musasweke, osakhoza kuphunzitsa.

Zosankha za kusankha

Ubwino wonse wa mtundu umenewu udzakhala weniweni pokhapokha posankha anthu abwino, omwe angabweretse ana. Nthawi zina nkhumba za vislobryukha za Vietnamese, mayankho omwe si abwino kwambiri. Monga lamulo, zinyama zotero zimakhala pafupifupi makilogalamu 40-60 pachaka, ndipo mwiniwake wa famu sangathe kupeza ana ngakhale kwa mkazi kwa miyezi 10. Chotsatira ichi chimachitika kawirikawiri ku chisankho cholakwika cha nkhumba. Kuti mugule nyama yoyenera kubereketsa, muyenera kumvetsera mfundo izi:

1. Musagule nkhumba zomwe zinatuluka ku zinyalala zomwezo.

2. Ngati wofalitsayo ali ndi mbeu zingapo pafamu ndi nkhumba imodzi, ndiye kuti si bwino kugula nkhumbazi pamalo ano. Zilombo zoterozo zidzakhala achibale, zomwe sizingatheke kuti mupeze ana abwino.

3. Tiyenera kudziwa kulemera kwa nkhumba. Ndi bwino, ngati wogulitsa adzalankhula ndi kukula kwa chinyama chokhala ndi nthawi mkati mwa masiku khumi kuchokera pakangochitika zochitika pa kuwala.

4. Kuti mutsimikize kuti nthawi yomwe mtengowo akugwiritsira ntchito ndi mtengo wake wa nkhumba, mungapemphe kuwonetsa nkhumba yomwe inabereka nyama. Ngati nkhumbayi ili ndi mwezi umodzi, ndiye kuti nkhumba iyenera kukhala yofiira kwambiri, ayenera kuyang'ana wochepa. Apo ayi, nkhumba ndi yoposa yomwe wogulitsa akunena, kapena nkhumba ili pamaso pa wogula.

5. Dziwani kuti nyama yathanzi ikhoza kuoneka. Nkhumba ziyenera kukhala bwino mthupi. Miyendo ya munthu wathanzi ndi yamphamvu, yochuluka kwambiri. Chizindikiro chakunja chochokera kwa mtunduwu ndi tsankhu lapadera, lomwe lili ndi mafupa ambirimbiri a mafupa.

Ngati nkhumba ili ndi mutu wautali, thupi ndi miyendo yooneka ngati nsonga mu mawonekedwe a kalata "X", ndiye munthu woteroyo akudwala. Kuonjezera apo, zizindikiro izi zikhoza kusonyeza kuwonongeka kumene kunabwera chifukwa cha maonekedwe a nkhumba kuchokera kwa kholo-wachibale.

Nkhumba yathanzi imakhala ndi maonekedwe obiridwa, obiridwa, tsitsi lofewa, maso owala. Nyama iyi ikugwira ntchito, ili ndi chilakolako chabwino. Pamwambo wabwino kwambiri wa nkhumba ndikuthamanga kwa mchira woonda kwambiri mbali ndi mbali.

Mtundu ulibe kanthu. Ambiri ndi wakuda, koma ngakhale malita amodzi akhoza kukhala a piglets a mtundu woyera komanso wosakaniza.

6. Ngati zinyalala zili ndi nkhumba zoposa 12, zinyama zoterozo zingakhale zofooka. Chisankho chiyenera kutengedwa mosamalitsa.

7. Mutagwirizana ndi nkhumba, muyenera kufunsa za chakudya chomwe mwini wapitako adagwiritsa ntchito. Kusintha kwa chakudya china sikuyenera kukhala chakuthwa, mwinamwake chinyama chingadwale.

Malo okhala

Zomwe zili ku nkhumba za Vietnam sizifuna kuthandizidwa kwapadera. Chifukwa cha kukula kwawo, nyama sizifuna nkhumba zambiri. Ndi bwino kupanga njerwa, ndikupanga konkire pansi. Kuti m'nyengo yozizira nkhumba siziziwombera pansi pamwala, pafupifupi 2/3 ya pigsty iyenera kukhala yokutidwa ndi matabwa. Malo awa adzakhala malo ogona a ziweto. Malo onsewa adzakhala malo oti adye ndi chimbudzi. Ng'ombe ya Vietnamese yotchedwa Visloobryuhaya - Ukhondo wa zinyama, kotero musadandaule kuti manyowa adzafalikira mu nkhumba. Kuwonjezera apo, nyama zochepa sizikumba pansi, zomwe zimathandizanso moyo wa mwini wawo.

Mu makina amodzi, kuyeza pafupifupi mamita 4,5, nkhumba ziwiri zikhoza kuikidwa, wina amafesa nkhumba kapena nkhumba. Pokonzekera chipangizo chamkati cha pigsty pakati pa makina, nkofunikira kuchoka ndime yokwanira yodutsa pa trolley, mwa njira yomwe zingatheke kuchotsa manyowa. Pulogalamu ya mpweya wabwino iyenera kukhala yokonzedwa bwino mu chipinda. Kulephera kwa mpweya wabwino komanso kuteteza nkhumba kumakhudza thanzi la nyama.

Ngakhale kuti kuswana kwa Vietnamese kumeza-nkhumba n'kotheka ndipo pamunsi kutentha, zomwe zimalekerera, m'nyengo yozizira akadali koyenera kudandaula za Kutentha ndi pigsty. Kwa nkhumba ndi nkhumba zowonongeka, kuzizira kungakhale koopsa. Kwa mwanayo anali wathanzi, idakula bwino ndipo imachira, imafuna kutentha kwa madigiri 20 Celsius. Kutentha kwa chipindachi kungapangidwe pogwiritsa ntchito magetsi opangira mafuta, mphika wa Russia, ndi njira zina zotentha.

Paddock

Tsiku lililonse kumakhala kunja kwa nyengo yachisanu kumapereka nkhumba ndi chitetezo champhamvu komanso chisangalalo chabwino. Ochepa ndi odwala komanso phindu lolemetsa nthawi zonse amawonjezeredwa ndi nkhumba za Vietnam. Zomwe zimakhala zokha ku ukapolo zidzatsogolera kubereketsa nyama zofooka ndi zodwala.

Pamalo pansi pa paddock, ngati simukukula mitengo, muyenera kukumba pansi nkhuni zingapo. Nkhumba zimakonda kuziwombera. Musasokoneze malo ndi malo ochepa, kuteteza nyama ku mvula ndi dzuwa lotentha.

Zosangalatsa zimapereka kwa nkhumba za mtundu uwu, omwe amakonda kusambira mumatope, ngati dziwe. Udindo wawo ukhoza kusewera ndi kupsinjika kwakukulu m'dziko la 2 mamita awiri mu kukula. Dzenje liyenera kudzazidwa nthawi ndi madzi. Mu dziwe, nkhumba zingathe kuchotsa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, komanso kuzizira m'nyengo yozizira.

Sankhani zakudya

Chakudya choyenera ndikulonjeza osati kukula kokha kwa nyama yathanzi komanso kuwonjezeka kwa kulemera, komanso kupeza nyama yapamwamba, yamtengo wapatali, yomwe imasiyanitsidwa ndi nkhumba za Vietnamese. Kudyetsa nyama kumadalira mtundu weniweni wa zakudya zamagetsi. Mimba yaing'ono ndi yaing'ono m'mimba, kuthamanga mofulumira kwa chakudya m'kati mwa kapangidwe ka zakudya kumapangitsa kuti mbewu zisamalire. Mitengo yambiri imatenga nkhumba zambiri, monga chakudya beet, udzu, chifukwa mtundu wa Vietnamese sudzabweretsa phindu lililonse. Mankhwala abwino m'matumbo a nkhumba ndi achinyamata a fodya a legume banja la nyemba - nyemba, clover.

Njira yabwino ndi chakudya chosakaniza, chokonzedwa ngati mawonekedwe wandiweyani wandiweyani. Zakudya zoterezi zimachedwa nthawi yaitali, nkhumba za Vietnamese zimayeseza bwino. Kudyetsa chakudya cha mgwirizano umenewu kumathandiza kupereka ndalama zambirimbiri, zomwe zimakhudza shuga. Izi zimapangitsa kuti chimbudzi chikhale chochepa.

Pofuna kuti chakudyacho chikhale chokwanira, chisankho chiyenera kuperekedwa kunthaka. Nkhumba zonse zimadyetsa kwambiri kudutsa mu nkhumba mwa chikhalidwe chosasinthika, osati kudetsedwa.

Maziko a chakudya chosakaniza ndi balere ndi tirigu. Wonjezerani kutero komanso oats, nandolo ndi chimanga. Zachiwirizi siziyenera kukhala zoposa 10%, chifukwa izi zimayambitsa kunenepa kwambiri nkhumba. Ngati muonjezera chimanga chochuluka kuti mudyetse, simungathe kupeza nyama yankhumba yamatenda.

Vitamini zowonjezereka zimathandiza kwambiri thanzi la nkhumba. Nkhumba zikhoza kupatsidwa mafuta a nsomba, kufesa, mkaka, mavitamini amawonjezeredwa kuti afesedwe ndi chakudya chosakaniza. Mu mawonekedwe ake opangira, kuti asawononge mavitamini, mukhoza kupereka nyama zukini, kaloti, dzungu. Ngati masamba adakali kuphika, ayenera kuphikidwa asanayambe kudyetsa.

Chitsa cha nkhumba za Vietnam

Chikhalidwe chachikulu cha maonekedwe a ana abwino ndi kusowa kwa mgwirizano wa banja pakati pa nkhumba ndi nkhumba. Apo ayi, pangakhale nkhumba zomwe zimakhala ndi zofooka, zofooka komanso zodwala. M'tsogolomu, nyama zoterezi ndizolemera kwambiri, nthawi zambiri sitingathe kukhala ndi ana awo.

Ng'ombe ya Vietnamese yotchedwa Visloobryuhaya imafika msinkhu ndi zaka zoposa 4, nkhumba - patapita nthawi pang'ono. Onetsetsani kuti mungayambe kugwirizana, mukhoza ndi boma la nkhumba. Amakhala wosasamala, chiwerewere chimagwera. Pogwiritsa ntchito chiwombankhanga chinyama chimathamanga pamalo amodzi. Ngati zizindikiro zonsezi zikuwonekera, nkhumba ikhoza kukhalapo kwa tsiku limodzi kwa nkhumba. Mulu woyamba wa nkhumba za Vietnam ndi pafupifupi nkhumba zisanu, ndipo zinyama 20 zimabadwa, kawirikawiri pafupifupi 12.

Mimba ya nkhumba imatenga masiku 114 mpaka 118. Masiku angapo chiberekero chisanafike, chinyama chimayamba kuda nkhawa, kukonzekera chisa, kudyetsa udzu mosamala. Ngati nkhonozi zikuwoneka ngati colostrum, maonekedwe a nkhumba zimapezeka mkati mwa tsiku. Kuti ukhale kutali muyenera kukonzekera mosamala. Mu makina muyenera kuyeretsa bwino, kusiya udzu ndi mbale ya madzi oyera. Mwapadera, muyenera kukonza ngodya kwa nkhumba zowonongeka. Malowa ayenera kukhala ofunda, m'maola oyambirira a moyo kutentha kudzakhala pafupifupi madigiri 30.

Ngati ndi kotheka, nkhumba zapiritsi zimatsukidwa ndi ntchentche, kenaka ziikidwe pamalo okonzeka kuti ziwume. Ndikofunika kuonetsetsa kuti mu ola loyamba la moyo wake nkhumba iliyonse imalandira mabala oyenera. Lili ndi nambala yambiri ya zakudya, zomwe sizikusowa kwambiri kwa ana obadwa kumene.

Nkhumba zoyambirira zimadya mkaka wokha, womwe umakhudza zosowa zawo pafupifupi pafupifupi zakudya zonse. Chosiyana ndi chitsulo. Pofuna kuteteza magazi m'thupi, nkhumbazi zimapanga jekeseni wapadera.

Kawirikawiri, nkhumba imatha kufika 1 kg kulemera kwa masiku khumi, ndi 1.5 mpaka 2 makilogalamu masiku 20. Patsiku la nkhumba ndi kulemera kwa thupi 400-450 g ayenera kulemera makilogalamu 2.5-3.

Pofuna kuwonjezeka kwabwino, nkhumba zapakati pa sabata zimatha kuyambitsa zakudya zowonjezera. Zikhoza kukhala choko, makala, zinthu zina zomwe zimakhala ndi calcium, phosphorous. Patangotha masiku khumi, zinyama zimapatsidwa madzi oyera. Nkhumba zamagulu awiri zikhoza kuyamba kudyetsa phala wandiweyani. Patapita mwezi umodzi kuchokera pamene abereka, kuchuluka kwa mkaka mumfine kwafupika, panthawiyi ana ayenera kuphunzira kusakaniza chakudya chawo okha. Panthawi imodzimodziyo, nkofunika kuyamba nkhumba zolerera pang'ono kuchokera kwa mayiyo.

Zotsatira za kuswana

Ng'ombe zobereketsa za mtundu umenewu ndizogulitsa ndalama zodalirika. Nkhumba za Vietnamese, zomwe mtengo wake uli pafupifupi 8000 rubles, ndi wodzichepetsa kwambiri, sizimafuna mafuta okwera mtengo ndi chisamaliro chapadera. Kuzindikira kuswana kwabwino ndikosankhidwa bwino kwa nkhumba, zomwe mtengo wake uli pafupifupi 3,000.

Nkhumba za nkhumba za mtundu umenewu ndizosavuta komanso zokoma. Msika wawonekera posachedwa, koma watha kale chidaliro cha ogula. Makhalidwe abwino makamaka ndi nyama ya anthu olemera makilogalamu 40, ngakhale kuti mitembo yolemera makilogalamu 100 imalowa mumsika.

Nyama za Vietnamese nkhumba zamagazi zili ndi cholesterol pang'ono, zimateteza zakudya zambiri mu njira iliyonse yothandizira kutentha.

Kuti zinyama zikhale bwino, kulemera ndi kubweretsa ana wathanzi, wina ayenera kutsatira malangizowo pa zomwe zili ndi kudyetsa nyama. Kenaka kubereka kwa nkhumba za mtundu uwu kudzakhala bizinesi yopindulitsa kwambiri.