Nkhondo ya Nyanja Balaton, "Spring Kugalamuka"

Nkhondo ya Nyanja Balaton amati wotsiriza kwambiri kumbuyo opareshoni, asilikali a Soviet mu nkhondo yachiwiri ya padziko lonse. Dzina ntchito kugwirizana ndi Nyanja Balaton ili Hungary.

Balaton ntchito zinachitika 6-15 March 1945. Bukuli mbali ya asilikali a Soviet mphamvu ya 3 Chiyukireniya Front ankagwira.

chikumenyana maphwando

Nkhondo panafika ndi ziwiri zikuluzikulu chikumenyana maphwando - odana ndi Hitler Commonwealth ndi dziko la unit Nazi. Mwa iwo unalembedwa cha anagwirizana mayiko amene anathandiza asilikali waukulu.

Nkhondo ya Nyanja Balaton chinachitika ndi mwayi wofanana ndi ulemu kwa chiwerengero cha asilikali.

Zolinga za zipani

Germany ndi ogwirizana ake anali akukonzekera kuchita bwino potsimikizira-amanyansidwa pambuyo yozizira ya 1945, motero kuponya asilikali Soviet kudutsa Danube. Komanso, dera analipo yekha mu Germany oilfield. Popanda oti muli nazo zida ndi magulu mpweya kuti asalandidwe mafuta.

Lamulo German akuganiza kuti unagawanika magulu ankhondo 3 Chiyukireniya Front m'madera, kuchititsa zikwapu zitatu thanki makamu. ntchito anapatsidwa dzina la "Spring Kugalamuka."

Lamulo la USSR analandira zokhudza zolinga za mphamvu German ndi kuika asilikali Chiyukireniya Front ntchito kukwaniritsa ntchito kumbuyo, komanso kugonjetsa mdani pafupi ndi nyanja Balaton. Pa nthawi yomweyo ine sanaleke kuphunzitsa ulendo pa Vienna. Nkhondo ya Nyanja Balaton anali womaliza zikuluzikulu kumbuyo ntchito ya asilikali a Soviet mu nkhondo yachiwiri ya padziko lonse.

Kukonzekera a magulu odana ndi Hitler kukhala tcheru

Pa malangizo a pamwamba 3 Chiyukireniya Front anayamba tcheru. Pankhaniyi, tingagwiritse ntchito luso limene tingaphunzire pa Nkhondo ya Kursk. ntchito Kusindikiza ikuchitika kuyang'aniridwa ndi LZ Kotlyar, amene anali mkulu wa asilikali wa zomangamanga.

chidwi linaperekedwa kwa anavomera odana thanki kuti mdani zinali zambiri. Kuti izi mapeto, dera pakati ndi Gant. Balaton (83 km) iwo unalengedwa zoposa 60 odana thanki m'madera mphamvu yaikulu anali anaikira zida zankhondo.

Zambiri bwino asilikali Soviet kudalira yobereka yake ya mafuta ndi zipolopolo. The malo Front ili mbali ina ya Danube (kum'mawa), choncho anaganiza kuti amange njanji chingwe-trolley ndi ngalande kwa yonyamula mafuta.

Izi bwino nkhaniyo ndiponso luso maziko a asilikali. Izi zisanachitike, chakudya aperekedwa kudzera kuwoloka, koma kudalira iwo kunali kosatheka chifukwa cha kasupe yopuma-mmwamba ndi kuchita ndege German.

Balaton ntchito: kumenyana zochitika

Zolawula wa Wehrmacht anayamba ndi usiku pa March 6 1945 chaka. Kulasa woyamba anauzidwa pa Army la Yugoslavia ndi Bulgaria. Odala anakwanitsa ankawoloka mtsinje. Drava. Adakhoza kugwila bridgeheads awiri.

Ndi 7 am, mphamvu German unkatchedwa tiponye gawo lotsatira (ndi 57th Army). pasadakhale kwawo zambiri unatha.

Patatha ola 1 Mphindi 40 anapita mdani thanki asilikali gawo pa 3 Chiyukireniya kutsogolo. Icho chinali chachikulu nkhonya Wehrmacht, amene anali ntchito pa malo Velence ndi Balaton. Anayambika chachikulu thanki kuukira, iwo anali amasamukira ku mapeto a tsiku patsogolo pa 4 Km. Iwo anakwanitsa kulanda Sheregeyeshem (Buku mfundo).

M'mawa wa March 7 Nkhondo ya Nyanja Balaton adapitiriza ndi kuukira mphamvu German. Lamulo kuyang'ana vulnerabilities silikhali ikani ndi mgwirizano odana ndi Hitler. Pa nthawi yomweyo, lamulo Soviet ankayesera kuti aponyere m'njira yake mphamvu kupezeka kuopseza malo. Patangotha masiku awiri mdani analephera kuswa kudzera m'dera mwatsatanetsatane, koma iwo anali wokhoza kumatula mu izo pa mtunda wa 7 km.

M'mawa wa March 8 adziwitse analowa mphamvu zazikulu. Kumenyana sanali zophwetsa kwa masiku angapo, imene asilikali Wehrmacht anatha kubooleza mizere iwiri ya chitetezo. Komabe, kupambana ichi sichinasinthidwe mapulani kuyambira mzere wa chitetezo wa mphamvu Soviet sinathe kumeneko.

Pasanathe masiku khumi, mdani patsogolo 15-30 Km, ntchito ambiri akasinja. Kugumula kwa Danube analephera, ndi March 15, amanyansidwa awo ndi kwathunthu anasiya chifukwa cha kusowa nkhokwe chofunika.

Nkhondo ya Nyanja Balaton anali womaliza kwambiri isanayambike wa German asilikali pa nthawi ya nkhondo yachiwiri ya padziko lonse. Atathamangitsidwa ndi kukana kwa mdani, mwa Front Chiyukireniya anapita kauntala-mseru umene umalimbana Vienna.

imfa

nkhondoyo inatha kwa masabata awiri ndi mfuti osiyana nkhondowo, akasinja, ndege, choncho imfa ya moyo mbali zonse zochititsa chidwi.

Ku Soviet Union zowawa 32 899 anthu, amene 8492 anamwalira.

magwero Soviet amasonyeza kuti Wehrmacht anataya amuna pafupifupi 40,000 ndipo mfuti 300, akasinja 500, 200 ndege. Kwa iwo, "Spring Kugalamuka" anatembenuka zomvetsa zoopsa.

zotsatira

Nazi bloc sanathe kumaliza ntchitoyo ndipo anataika ambiri asilikali ndi zida za nkhondo. Asilikali ake anali wofooka ndi kutha, ndi chifukwa kuti magulu Soviet anali kuyamba matenda bwino pa Vienna.

Hungary, Wachiwiri World nkhondo umene wakhala kugwirizana ndi mapulani a Wehrmacht, anamasulidwa ku unit Nazi.