Nkhondo ya Maluwa: mwachidule ndi dongosolo la zochitika

Kumapeto kwa XVII m'ma wachifumu English, Genrih Tyudor anatenga banja la Lancaster - anayambitsa latsopano mafumu, amene anatsalira ku mphamvu kwa zaka zambiri. Izi anali yoyamba magazi dynastic nkhondo ya nthambi awiri a ana a banja wakale wachifumu wa Plantagenet - Lancaster ndi York, anapita mpaka mu mbiri monga Nkhondo ya Maluwa, mwachidule kufotokoza mbiri ya ndilo nkhani imeneyi.

Ikuimira zipani chikumenyana

Pali maganizo olakwika kuti alitcha dzina kuti nkhondo ya maluwa, amati za pa chovala mikono ya lotsutsa mabanja achifumu. Ndipotu, iwo palibe. chifukwa kwagona kuti, kupita kunkhondo, kumbali ya onsewo monga chizindikiro chosiyana linali lofika zida wake wophiphiritsa ananyamuka - Lancaster - woyera, pamene adani awo Yorkie - wofiira. Kaso ndi regal.

Zifukwa zimene akankhidwira krovoprolitiyu-

Amadziwika kuti nkhondo ya Maluwa chifukwa zandale ofala ku England mu zaka za m'ma XV. Zambiri anthu anasonyeza kusakhutira ndi zotsatira zaka mazana 'nkhondo ndipo ankafuna kusintha zenizeni za Board. Nkhani yofanana anali kukula chilema chitsiru ndi zambiri chochita chilichonse wathunthu wa Mfumu Henry VI ya Lancaster, kumene mphamvu lenileni linali m'manja mwa mkazi wake, Mfumukazi Margaret, ndi okondedwa ake ambiri.

Mliri wa Nkhondo

Pa mutu wa kutsutsa analenga adanyamuka Richard Duke wa York. A mbeu ya Plantagenets, iye anali, mu maganizo ake, ufulu kwa korona. Ndi nawo wakhama pa nthumwi ya chipani Maluwa chitsutso ndale kenako mu kumenyana wamagazi, mmodzi amene chinachitika mu 1455 pafupi ndi tauni ya St. Albans, Duke mbali anagonjetsa asilikali achifumu. Choncho anayamba umene unatha zaka makumi awiri, ndipo anafotokoza mu mabuku a Thomas More ndi Nkhondo Shakespeare ya Maluwa. Chidule cha ntchito limatipangitsa chithunzi cha zochitika.

Zabwino zonse pa mbali ya kuwatsutsa

Chotero chigonjetso wanzeru pa Richard York ulamuliro n'kololeka anakopa aphungu kuti wawachifwamba ichi ndi bwino kuti mtima, ndipo adawafotokozeranso iye mtetezi wa boma, ndipo mu chochitika cha imfa ya mfumu - wolowa ufumu. N'zovuta kunena, izo zikanakhala Arafat kutha kwa Duke kapena ayi, koma Pankhondo imeneyi ndi magulu a chipani potsutsa izo, anaphedwa.

Atamwalira anayambitsa nkhondo chitsutso lotsogoleredwa ndi Mwana wake, amene anachita loto wakale wa bambo ake, korona mu 1461 pansi pa dzina la Edward IV. Posakhalitsa asilikali ake potsiriza wosweka kulimbikira wa Lancastrians, kamodzinso akugonjetsa pa Nkhondo ya Cross Mortimer a.

Kusakhulupirika, anadziwa kuti Nkhondo ya Maluwa ndi

Chidule cha ntchito mbiri ya T. Mora apatsira kuya okhumudwa kutsitsidwa Henry VI ndi mkazi wake zosafunikira. Iwo anayesera kuthawa ndipo ngati Margaret anakwanitsa kuthawa kunja, mwamuna wake hapless analandidwa ndi kumangidwa Tower. Komabe, kumene-mfumu zinali molawirira kwambiri chikondwerero. Mu chipani chake zokhota anayamba chifukwa cha zonena wofuna chifupi naye olemekezeka, omwe akufufuza kuti chidutswa cha waukulu mu gulu la chimalemekeza ndi mphoto.

Uschemlonnoe kunyada ndi nsanje ena York ovutika kuwakweza kuti tikumupachikaso, kusiya mng'ono wa mfumu yatsopano ndi Duke wa Clarence Earl wa Warwick, kupondereza malamulo onse a ulemu, ndinapita ku mdani. Pambuyo kusonkhanitsa ankhondo chilungamo, iwo anapulumutsidwa ku Nsanja ya Kalanga Henry VI n'kupita naye ku mpando wachifumu. Iwo unali nawonso kuthawa Abiti wachifumu kuti Edward IV. Iye ndi mng'ono wake mumzinda wa Gloucester bwinobwino anafika Burgundy, amene anali wotchuka ndipo anali kumbali ambiri.

kupindika latsopano

Nkhondo ya Maluwa, ndi mwachidule akufotokozedwa monga Shakespeare kwambiri, wokonzeka nthawi iyi zosasangalatsa anadabwa Lancastrian. mchimwene wa mfumuyo, Clarence, manyazi manyazi yekha ndi anaperekedwa ndi kubwezeretsedwa ku mpando wachifumu wa Henry kuphunzira ndi zimene asilikali amphamvu a abale ake anabwerera ku London, ndinazindikira kuti mopupuluma. Kupachikidwa - malo abwino kwambiri kwa opanduka - bwino osati zofunika, ndipo, mu msasa Edward, anakhutira chisoni kwambiri.

Anagwirizananso, abale ndi owatsatira awo ambiri ku gulu la York kawiri anagonjetsa Lancastrians pa Barnet ndi Tyuksberri. Yoyambirira podwala anafa Warwick, munthu yemweyo amene anachita woukira boma ndi Clarence, koma mosiyana otsiriza, analibe nthawi yoti tibwerere kwa mwiniwake woyamba. Nkhondo yachiwiri anali chakupha ku Korona Prince. Choncho, mzere dynastic wa Lancaster linasokonekera kugonjetsa England Nkhondo ya Maluwa. Chidule cha zochitika wotsatira werenganibe.

Ndipo limatiuza nkhani zochitika zimenezi?

Ndi kuwina, Edward IV anatumiza paudindowu n'kumulonga ufumu ku Tower. Henry VI anabwerera mwachizolowezi ndi nsembe lokhalamo pamaso kamera, koma silinakhalitse mu izo. Mu chaka chomwecho mu madera a London ndi chisoni chachikulu analengeza imfa yake. N'zovuta kunena ngati ndi chibadwa kapena latsopano overlord wachita anaganiza kudzipulumutsa mavuto osiyanasiyana, koma popeza Henry VI phulusa, anaponyedwa mu moyo wake, ndipo mkazi wake, ndipo anthu ake, napuma mu m'chipinda chotetezeka ya Windsor Castle. Kodi mungatani mpando wachifumu ndi zina tenuous kwambiri.

Atamasulidwa kuloŵedwa m'malo ndi odana osiyanasiyana, malangizo Edward IV mpaka 1483, pamene iye anafa mwadzidzidzi undetermined chifukwa. Mwachidule anatenga mpando wachifumu wa mwana wake, Edward, koma posakhalitsa kuchotsedwa mphamvu ndi Bungwe la Royal, monga kukayikira za malamulo a kubadwa kwake. Mwa njira, panali mboni amene ankati mochedwa atate wake kumeneko anabadwa ku Duke wa York, ndipo anali chipatso cha chikondi chinsinsi cha amayi Duchess wokongola akuponyera.

Choncho kwenikweni kapena ayi, kodi si kukumba, koma kuti mwina wolowa ku Mpandowachifumu pa achinyamata kutali, ndipo anammangira mbale wa mochedwa Mfumu Richarda Glostera, korona dzina lake Richard III. Tsoka ndipo iye adzakonza yaitali chete ulamuliro. Posachedwapa anapanga mozungulira mpando wachifumu ndi chitsutso bwino ndi covert m'zonse poizoni moyo wa mfumu.

Kubweranso kwa Chofiira Rose

yachokera mbiri ya nkhani XV m'ma za mmene kukhala otsatira Nkhondo ya Maluwa. Chidule kusungidwa mu zolemba ikusonyeza kuti oimira otsogolera gulu Lancastrian anali wakwanitsa kusonkhanitsa pa kulalikira, khamu ndithu, imene inali yokhudza mercenaries French. Kutsogoleredwa ndi Genrihom Tyudorom, iye anafika 1486 pa gombe la Britain ndi kuyamba kugonjetsa njira London. Mfumu Richard III panokha anatsogolera asilikali, amene anaonekera kukumana mdani, koma ankaphedwa Nkhondo ya Bosworth.

Akamaliza nthawi ya European Ages Middle

Kumapeto kwa Nkhondo ya Maluwa mu England. ulaliki Chidule Shakespeare zonsezi recreates chithunzi cha mmene kukwaniritsa popanda ntchito yapadera ya likulu British, Tudor anavekedwa mu dzina la Henry VII. Kuyambira nthawi imeneyo, mzera wa mafumu Lancastrian mwamphamvu mizu pa mpando wachifumu, ndi ulamuliro zawo zinachitika zaka seventini handiredi ndi. The okha pofuna aakulu anali kulanda mfumu 1487 Earl a Lincoln, mphwake wa Richard III wa, anaukira, koma anaphedwa Pankhondo imeneyi.

Akukhulupirira kuti Nkhondo ya Maluwa (1455-1487 gg.) Kodi kugwirizana yomaliza European Ages Middle. Nthawi imeneyi, iwo anawonongedwa osati ana onse mwachindunji za mtundu wakale wa Plantagenet, koma ambiri a chivalry English. Main chomwecho tsoka unagwa pa mapewa a anthu wamba amene kupyola mu mibadwo anakhala akapolo zokhumba andale ena.