Norbert Kuwotcha ndi ndani? Amene anali "tate wa cybernetics"?

Pakali pano, mawu "Internet" kapena "kompyuta" n'zosadabwitsa. Komabe, zikamera wa makina anzeru, amene mofulumira lalikulu kupeza lalikulu Mwachitsanzo masamu kapena amakhudzana ndi mfundo iliyonse pa dziko, ndi umafananirako kwa sayansi ya cybernetics. Ndipo aliyense amene akudziwa munthu, "Norbert Kuwotcha", "cybernetics" - awa ndi mawu awiri zogwirizana. Ndicho chimene anthu moyenerera amatchedwa 'tate' wa sayansi.

mbiri yamoyo ndi maphunziro

Ambiri akatswiriwa biographers pa funso lakuti: "Ndani Norbert Kuwotcha", mosazengereza, anayankha kuti - chitsanzo chidwi kwambiri kwa prodigy mwana. Anabadwa bambo tsogolo la cybernetics mu United States m'tauni ya Columbia, kuti m'chigawo cha Missouri, mu 1894. bambo ake anali nzika ya Russian Ufumu (dera Grodno). Iye anali ophunzira kwambiri komanso kuwerenga. Iye anaphunzitsa pa University Harvard mabuku ndi mbiri ya zinenero Asilavo. Patapita kanthawi, iye analimbikitsa kuti mutu wa dipatimenti.

Kuyambira ali wakhanda, awisi anali akukonzekera ntchito wasayansi. Mwina kwa zaka zitatu kale anayamba ntchito ya sayansi Norbert Kuwotcha. Short mbiri m'mabuku ambiri akuyamba ndi m'badwo uno. Ngakhale mwana amatha kuwerenga, kulemba ndipo ngakhale anathandiza bambo ake kumasulira ntchito za Ln Tolstoy. Ndili ndi zaka eyiti, iye anali kale kuwerenga ntchito za Dante ndi ntchito Darwin. buku lake loyamba analemba mu m'badwo pamene ena msinkhu wake kokha kuphunzira chizindikiro cha ndodo ndi mbedza.

Osati kwenikweni nawo m'makalasi mu kusukulu mkulu (magwero ena amakamba kuti iye ananyalanyaza mkazi), mnyamata amapita ku koleji yapamwamba imene itha ulemu patsogolo ndandanda. Pa khumi, anali kufotokoza nkhani yolembedwa wake pa Harvard, ndi Patapita zaka zingapo, anakhala katswiri pa yunivesite angapo.

Mu autobiography wake, funso: "Kodi ndani Norbert Kuwotcha" The wasayansi akuti masamu. Kale ali wamng'ono ndi bwino kupereka sayansi masamu, ngakhale alinso mbali zothandiza anthu mu maphunziro sizinyalanyazidwa.

ntchito

Anthu ambiri amaganiza kuti wasayansi - nthawizonse chete pulofesa ndi magalasi wozungulira atakhala mu ofesi ake ndi antchito a ntchito zina. Norbert Kuwotcha, amene anali ndani? Munthu uyu ndi wosiyana kwambiri ndi "mfundo" wa wasayansi ndi nduna ya. Mu moyo wanga, lalifupi woona ndi pang'ono zosamveka wasayansi wagwira ntchito ya zomangamanga, ndi fakitale munitions, ndi m'manyuzipepala. Kwambiri ngati mu ankhondo, koma anachotsedwa chifukwa cha mavuto masomphenya.

Ambiri a moyo wake zoyenera maphunziro awo, ndipo ena. Iye amagwira ntchito pa nthawi yomweyo ku mayunivesite oposa khumi m'madipatimenti osiyanasiyana. Limaphunzitsa masamu, logic, sayansi, mabuku ndi sayansi chikhalidwe. Pa nthawi yomweyo kugwiritsa m'zinenero zawo, ambuye ngakhale Chichaina, ndi Chijapani.

theoretician

ndi amene Norbert Kuwotcha: anthu ogwira ntchito kapena katswiri-theorist? iye akutchedwa theoretician ankakonda kuganiza zambiri ndi kulenga ziphunzitso sayansi, kutsimikizira mfundo zawo. Pamodzi ndi wasayansi American Claude Shannon, akukula ano chiphunzitso sayansi kompyuta.

Ndithudi aliyense bwino akuti "pang'ono". Choncho munthu kamodzi ndipo ine anabwera ndi izo, kukhala kosavuta pofotokoza kachidindo yadigito. A zambiri za ntchito asayansi wodzipereka kwa sayansi computer, chiphunzitso Mwina ndi kulumikiza mu atomu.

cybernetics

Koma palibe lingaliro la chilengedwe kompyuta amadziwika kuti dziko lonse munthu. Kodi amadziwika Norbert Viner, ndi mfundo imene iye anatulukira chinthu monga cybernetics. Zinali iye amene anayamba kukhala ndi sayansi, imene postulates kulola chilengedwe cha nzeru zochita kupanga. Scientist ankaimira cybernetics ngati mwayi kusintha luso la nyama, kupanga "dongosolo lophunzitsira" kwa sayansi.

Kuwotcha yekha anayambitsa mawu, pobwereka izo zolembedwa ndi akatswiri wakale Greek. M'masiku amenewo ankatha "ulamuliro wa ngalawa", koma Kuwotcha cybernetics lidzasinthidwa "ulamuliro anzeru makina." Iye anayerekezera munthu ndi makina, ndi limagwirira clockwork kuti recycles mphamvu.

Buku lotchedwa "Cybernetics" linatuluka mu 1948 ku America. Pa nthawi imeneyo, asayansi anatembenuka zaka makumi anayi. Komabe, ntchito, monga ambiri amati, n'zoonekeratu kuti aliyense. Awerenge bukhuli ndi kumvetsetsa zimene Baibulo limanena, muyenera kukhala ndi chidziwitso mokwanira kwambiri m'munda wa masamu, nzeru, zomangamanga ndi neurophysiology.

Man "mumtima mwake"

Ndithudi wosewera alionse amene ndi mbali ya asayansi wodzipereka komanso chidwi akhoza kubwereka chifanizo cha Kuwotcha. A nerd lililonse ndi magalasi ndi goatee, womangika ndi zosamveka, palibe okonda zinthu anthu ena ndi kuganizira dziko wamumtima ndi ziphunzitso.

Pakuona anakumbukira kuti Kuwotcha zambiri kumizidwa mu malingaliro ake, ngakhale anaiwala kumene anali kupita ndi chimene iye ankafuna kuchita. Kamodzi tikakumana naye Alley ndi wophunzira analankhula ndi aphunzitsi, ndiyeno anadabwa atamva zoti ndi funso lake lakuti: "Kodi inu mukukumbukira pamene ine ndinali kupita. Ku chipinda chodyera kapena kuti"