Norma maziko poizoniyu: kodi izo zimatengera ndi mmene zilibe olumpha

Masiku ano amagwiritsa zochitika ambiri achilengedwe kukwaniritsa mfulu. Ndinali nazonso, ndi kuwala kwa magetsi. Popanda zovuta kupulumutsa matenda mokwanira ndi kuonanso kukhulupirika kwa mbali. Koma zimenezi zimapangitsa chakuti mlingo wa poizoni maziko imasiyana malingana ndi malo okhala kapena kugwira ntchito. Anthu onse tsiku kupeza cheza mlingo. Pamene kuli kofunikira kukhwimitsa kuchepetsa mavuto obwera pa thupi?

General zokhudza cheza

Tisanafotokoze kulankhula za zimene mlingo wa poizoni maziko anthu alandiridwa, m'pofunika kulimbana ndi chiphunzitso. Abweretsa onse ndi chiphunzitso cha mpweya wa poizoni. Amakhala mu Popeza kuti mtima wa maatomu ena chibadidwe Kusakhazikika. Izi zikutanthauza kuti iwo zokha apasuke, ndipo izi amapanga ionizing dzuwa, mwachitsanzo cheza cha. Iwo aumbike mwa mitundu yambiri ya particles: Alpha, beta, Popanga madzi a gamma ndi nyutironi. Oopsa kwambiri, makamaka ndi Popanga madzi a gamma-dzuwa, zomwe ali mkulu ozama mphamvu. X-ray ofanana Popanga madzi a gamma cheza, koma ali ndi mphamvu ang'onoang'ono. Yaikulu zachilengedwe gwero la cheza ngati - dzuwa. Koma ndi mbali chabe cheza cha zonse, zimene zimapanga ponseponse cheza maziko.

Zigawo foniruyuschego cheza

Iwo wapangidwa ndi zinthu zachilengedwe ndi munthu. cheza Natural amapangidwa kuchokera zifukwa zotsatirazi:

• cheza dziko;
• mobisa miyala ya radionuclides, iwo amagwiritsidwa irradiated ndi zipangizo zachilengedwe nyumba, umene pambuyo pake anamanga nyumba;
• yemweyo zinthu nyukiliya, koma anamwazikana madzi ndi mpweya;
• komanso katundu chakudya;
• potaziyamu-40 ndi rubidium 87, imene thupi zopezeka ndipo sangathe kuchotsa iwo.

Natural mpweya wa poizoni nthawi zonse ndipo kulikonse. Izi si kupatulapo koma ulamuliro. Zimasiyanasiyana okha mchikhalidwe cha chikhalidwe cha kutentha kwa m'dera lililonse yeniyeni.

Chongopeka kuwonjezeka ndi cheza maziko a zochita za anthu. Mwachitsanzo, migodi, moto, ntchito feteleza mankwala. Osati chopereka ang'onoang'ono imagwera kuyesa zida za nyukiliya zomera mphamvu za nyukiliya ndi ndege. Komanso, sangathe sasamala matenda apo ndi apo. Izi ndi mitundu yonse ya ngozi ndi imfa kupita.

vuto ndi kuti munthu alibe limba nzeru, amene akanakhoza kutenga cheza. Choncho, m'madera woopsawo chofunika kugwiritsa ntchito zipangizo zapadera - dosimeters, umene chizindikiro za wozingidwa ndi cheza chifukwa.

Mayunitsi wa muyeso cheza ndi mpweya wa poizoni

Awa ndi mfundo zosiyana ndi mayunitsi wa muyeso zosiyana. Muyeso cha mpweya wa poizoni - ichi pophika yogwira. Iwo amayezedwa becquerels. Mmodzi Becquerel 1 atomu azingokhala pa mphindi. Kawirikawiri izo ayesedwa zochokera unit misa kapena buku.

Ionizing poizoni umene umachitika oipa maatomu amayezedwa roentgens. Koma ili ndi phindu lalikulu kwambiri. Choncho, kuchita watchulidwa microroentgens, kuti ndi gawo miliyoni za izo. Komanso, mmene zimadalira nthawi kukhudzana. Ndi mtengo, amene anayeza ndi mlingo wa poizoni maziko - Mr / h, ndiye yaying'ono-roentgen paola.

Pali mtengo wina - ndi sievert. Izo ntchito kuti aone zimakhudza munthu. Ndi wagawo uyu anali anayeza ofanana mlingo. Mphamvu ya mankhwalawa dzina lake sievert paola. Mu zolinga zoweta sievert limodzi ndi wofanana 100 X-ray.

Mwachitsanzo mfundo za Mlingo walitsa

ndi cheza onse, omwe amapangidwa ndi thupi, masamba njira cheza, ndipo sizingatheke kukhala ndi kuchotsa izo. Choncho, zinthu zonse zachilengedwe cheza kuwonjezera kwa mlingo kuti zimasiyanasiyana padziko mtengo wa mSv 3 pachaka. Zingakhale pang'ono pokha kapena pang'ono malingana alili. Koma amakhala ndi pazipita mlingo chovomerezeka cheza maziko.

mlingo ndi analandira mwa munthu moyo wake, sayenera 700 mSv. Nthawi zambiri phindu ili likuyandikira okhala m'madera phiri.

Komanso, anthu mowirikiza anakumana ndi cheza ndi zina, monga Kupenda dokotala. Ndi zofunika kuti maphunziro awa musalumphe mlingo pazipita.

Kodi chimayambitsa zotsatira cheza pa thupi la munthu?

Ngati mlingo aikidwa mu mfundo zimene zonse mlingo wa poizoni maziko, anthu chabe osati zindikirani. moyo wawo wapitilira pa, ndipo palibe mavuto si zoonekeratu. Koma ngati mlingo kwambiri kuposa phindu komanso kukhudzana kumachitika mu nthawi yochepa, funso matenda poizoniyu. Ndi kagayidwe kachakudya matenda, khansa ndi khansa, amayaka khungu ndi cheza mathithi, complicates njira matenda opatsirana, zikubweretsa osabereka.

Njira cheza Protection

Atatu a iwo:

• pamene kuyambira Patapita zaka yafupika cheza mlingo;
• mtunda chifukwa mtunda kuchokera mwamphamvu cheza gwero yafupika;
• mankhwala chifukwa zimatenga Popanga madzi a gamma kunyezimira.