Ntchito acetylene. acetylene kuwotcherera

Kumvetsa kumene acetylene ntchito, m'pofunika kuti tiwerenge ndi kumvetsa icho chiri. Nkhanizi ndi colorless, flammable mpweya. mankhwala chilinganizo ake - C ₂ H _2. Gasi ali ndi misa atomiki wofanana 26,04. Iye ali pang'ono opepuka kuposa mpweya ndipo ali ndi fungo Fungo lamphamvu lamankhwala. Kukonzekera ndi kugwiritsa ntchito acetylene ndi ikuchitika yekha m'malo mafakitale. thunthu zakonzedwa ku kashiamu carbide ndi decomposing chigawo madzi.

Koopsa acetylene

Ntchito acetylene okha ndi katundu wake wapadera. gasi Izi uyatsa. Izi zimachitika pa kutentha 335 ° C, ndi osakaniza zake ndi mpweya, - pa kutentha 297 kwa 306 ° C, ndi mpweya - pa kutentha kwa 305 kwa 470 ° C.

Tikumbukenso kuti acetylene luso ndi zachiwawa. Izi zikuchitika pamene:

1. kuukitsa kutentha kwa 450-500 ° C ndi pa mavuto 150-200 kPa, wofanana 1.5-2 atmospheres.
2. A chisakanizo cha acetylene ndi mpweya kuthamanga mumlengalenga ndi oopsa ngati muli acetylene 2,3-93%. Mabomba angayambe kutentha mkulu, malawi poyera ndi nsakali ngakhale.
3. M'mikhalidwe zomwezi, chisakanizo cha mpweya kuphulika amapezeka ndi acetylene, ngati muli 2,2-80,7% acetylene.
4. Ngati mpweya ndi yaitali kukhudzana ndi mkuwa, siliva zinthu kumachitika atsetilenistoe siliva zachiwawa kapena mkuwa. mankhwala ndi oopsa kwambiri. Mabomba angayambe ku mantha kwambiri kapena chifukwa cha kuwuka kutentha. Ntchito mpweya ayenera kukhala mosamala.

Features mankhwala

Acetylene, katundu ndi ntchito zimene asanamvetsetse, kuphulika akhoza kuchititsa ngozi ndiponso kuwonongeka kwambiri. Pano pali mfundo. Ndi kuphulika kwa kilogalamu imodzi ya thunthu adzamasulidwa ku nthawi 2 kwambiri kutentha mphamvu kuposa kuphulika kwa kuchuluka womwewo wa TNT ndi nthawi theka kuposa pa kuphulika kwa makilogalamu imodzi nitroglycerin.

Mapulogalamu acetylene

Acetylene - mpweya kuyaka, amene ntchito mpweya kuwotcherera. Nthawi zambiri ntchito kudula lawi. Tikumbukenso kuti kuyaka kutentha kwa chisakanizo cha mpweya ndi acetylene akhoza kufika 3300 ° C. Chifukwa chuma ichi, thunthu kaŵirikaŵiri ntchito kuwotcherera. Acetylene zambiri m'malo gasi ndi LPG. mankhwala amapereka ntchito ndi china chotulutsa khalidwe.

okwerera kotunga mpweya chifukwa kuwotcherera ndi kudula angathe kuchitidwa ndi jenereta acetylene kapena ku zonenepa ndi acetylene. Pakuti kusungiramo thunthu amagwiritsidwa ntchito chidebe woyera. Monga ulamuliro, iwo amaoneka mawu akuti "acetylene" stamped mu inki wofiira. Dziwani kuti pali GOST 5457-75. Malinga ndi chikalata ichi ntchito processing zitsulo kusungunuka acetylene luso kalasi B kapena thunthu mu mawonekedwe gaseous.

Acetylene kuwotcherera: afufuze

Malinga ndi njira mpweya kuwotcherera ndi wosavuta. Komabe, pochita zinthu ndi nkhaniyi kumafuna kuleza mtima ndi tcheru. Pakuti kuwotcherera zambiri amagwiritsa woyatsa wapadera, oyambitsa 0-5. kusankha ake zimadalira mmene wandiweyani kuti welded mbali. Onani kuti ikuluikulu burner, zazikulu ndalama.

acetylene kuwotcherera ikuchitika pokhapokha zida ayenera kufufuzidwa ndi kusintha. Choncho m'pofunika kulabadira chiwerengero nsonga otaya ndi nozzle gasi, amene mozungulira mkono burner pansi mtedza wa. Muyeneranso onani zisindikizo zonse.

The ndondomeko kuwotcherera

Ntchito acetylene pamene kuwotcherera ziyenera kuperekedwa mosamala ndipo malinga ndi malamulo. Kuyamba muuni ayenera kutsukidwa mpweya. Izi zichitike mpaka ndiye, mpaka fungo la acetylene. Kenako, gasi ndi akayaka. Choncho m'pofunika kuwonjezera mpweya mpaka lawi amakhala wolimba kwambiri. Kuyambira unit linanena bungwe zida acetylene kuthamanga ayenera kukhala ku atmospheres 2 mpaka 4, ndi mpweya - 2 atmospheres.

Pakuti kuwotcherera zitsulo akakhala amafuna lawi ndale. Izo zodziwika korona ndi salembedwa zikhoza kugawidwa m'magulu atatu omveka: pachimake - yowala mtundu buluu ndi kum'chitira Kamaoneka, anabwezeretsa lawi - wotumbululuka buluu hue, malawi. Madera ziwiri zapitazi akugwira ntchito.

Asanayambe ntchito, ziwalo zonse ziyenera kutsukidwa, ndiyeno kusintha kwa wina ndi mzake. Mu kugwira ntchito, burner nayenso anagwiritsa ntchito njira kwa lamanzere ndi lamanja. Zikatero pali kuzirala wozengereza china chotulutsa lapansi. Nkhani filler ambiri limayenda pa burner lapansi. Pamene anasiya njira kumawonjezera elasticity ndi mphamvu ya china chotulutsa lapansi. Pankhaniyi, lawi la imatsogoleredwa kuchokera m'dera china chotulutsa. Nkhani filler iyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa china chotulutsa dziwe pokhapokha kusuntha udindo wotsatira wa burner lapansi.

malamulo chitetezo

Ntchito acetylene popanda luso ndi zinachitikira ndikoletsedwa. Pali malamulo angapo amene ayenera kutsata pamene ntchito ndi zida:

1. The zili ndi acetylene mu chipinda mpweya ayenera nthawi zonse kuyang'aniridwa. Kuchita izi, ntchito zipangizo zapadera basi, okhoza awadziwitse za mpweya ndende owonjezera. mlingo siziyenera kukhala oposa 0,46%.
2. Mapulogalamu acetylene zosiyana, koma nthawi zambiri ndi ntchito kuwotcherera. Pamene akugwira chidebe wodzazidwa ndi chimodzimodzi mpweya uwu, kusamala kusamala. Ndi zoletsedwa kuika chidebe pafupi ndi lawi lotseguka kapena pafupi machitidwe magetsi. Komanso, zoletsedwa kugwira ntchito ndi zonenepa kuti ili ndi udindo yopingasa, ndipo ngati iwo sali amodzi ndipo zosalongosoka.
3. Pamene ntchito ndi acetylene, ntchito kokha zida sanali sparking, zamagetsi ndi kuyatsa kuphulika-umboni.
4. Ngati pali kutayikira kuchokera yamphamvu ya acetylene, m'pofunika mofulumira kutseka vavu mphamvu. Mukhoza kugwiritsa si sparking kiyi wapadera. Kudziwa kutayikira zitha kukhala phokoso kapena fungo.

Kodi ngati panali moto

Kusagwiritsa ntchito acetylene kungayambitse mavuto aakulu. chimaphulika Izi mpweya ndipo akubweretsa chiwonongeko amphamvu. Kodi kuchita ngati moto inayambika?

1. Mu nkhani ya moto ayenera yomweyo amachotsedwa angozi muli ndi anadzazidwa onse ndi acetylene. muli amene sakutha, asungike ozizira ndi madzi opanda kapena pawiri wapadera. Muli ayenera kuziziritsa kwathunthu.
2. Ngati akayaka mpweya ukatuluka mwa botolo, tiyenera nthawi yomweyo kutseka chidebe. Kuti tichite zimenezi, muyenera kugwiritsa ntchito sanali sparking wrench. Pambuyo pake, mphamvu ayenera kukhala ozizira.
3. Ngati wamphamvu moto moto wozimitsa ayenera kuchitidwa kokha kuchokera kutali ndithu. Zikatere kugwiritsa ntchito chida moto wodzazidwa ndi zikuchokera munali phlegmatizing asafe ndende 70% ndi buku, ndi mpweya woipa 75% ndi buku, mchenga, madzi ndege, wothinikizidwa asafe, nsalu asibesitosi ndi zina zotero.