Midshipmen - sikungokhudza mawonekedwe a mwambo filimu

Pambuyo amasulidwe 1988 filimu motsogoleredwa ndi Svetlana Druzhininoj "Naval Cadets, Forward!" Ambiri mwa chikhulupiriro kuti mawu okongola yachilendo kuwonekera mu mutu, ndi za mofanana musketeer a. Ndiko kuti, midshipmen - ndi ikuthamangira wamng'ono wokongola amuna, amene amangokhalira kumenyana ndi malupanga, zabwino akavalo kukwera chotenga mbali yogwira mu zokhota yachifumu bwanji kalekale. Anawomberedwa mafilimu zinanso za kupitiriza kwa Zopatsa yekha anatsimikizira mfundo imeneyi. Koma mawu wonyada lili ndi mbiri yake, zomwe nzofunika palibe mphamvu anakopekanso novelists mbiri.

Midshipmen - ndani izi?

Garde de A m'madzi ( "apanyanja chitetezo") - ndi udindo panyanja, womwe unakhazikitsidwa ndi woyambitsa wa zombo Russian ndi Peter Wamkulu m'malo dzina "kuyenda panyanja" ndipo anaitenga ku Chifulenchi. Izo zinachitika mu 1716 mu makalasi kusinthika, kuphunzitsa atsogoleri zombo tsogolo la Sukulu Moscow a masamu ndi panyanja Sciences, lomwe lilipo kwa zaka 15, ku likulu latsopano. Mu St. Petersburg, maziko awo unakhazikitsidwa ndi Naval Academy.

Mu maganizo a Peter, mutu wapakatikati anali: midshipmen ndi amene bwinobwino anaphunzira chiphunzitso zofunika, koma chifukwa cha kusowa kwa luso zothandiza ndi zinachitikira sali okonzekera utumiki monga msilikali panyanja. Mitu amaitcha kuti omaliza maphunziro a Academy pamaso kuwamasula ku zombo, kumene iwo analandira luso zothandiza seamanship ndi ogwira lamulo la anthu okonza panyanja. Malinga mkulu, iwo anali ogaŵikana okalamba ndi junior.

"Pankhondo - asilikali, mu maphunzirowa - amalinyero '

State midshipmen yoyamba pa achinyamata Russian bulu anatsimikiza kuchuluka kwa anthu 300. Kuvala wapadera mawonekedwe - yunifolomu ya ku Preobrazhensky Regiment, analandira zili wofanana Uwerenge ankamvetsa la asilikali Alonda, amene amasiyanitsa iwo kwa oyendetsa wamba. Koma mu utumiki ali, monga mwa hayala, amagwiritsidwanso ntchito ngati malamulo m'munsi, ndi ntchito zofanana.

Ulemu kwa thandizo la amenewa pa kagulu adalira kunali kovuta. Iwo sakanatha kumvetsa: cadets - ndani izi? Amaonera mwambo wa moyo m'madzi pansi, drayat sitimayo ndi mukwere Posakhalitsa, anakhazikitsa matanga, pamodzi ndi amalinyero wamba. Pa nthawi yomweyo iwo ankayenera kuti alandire maphunziro tsiku ndi vuto panyanja alonda kuyenda panyanja, ndi kasamalidwe chombo cha zida zankhondo moto ndi nawo maphunziro anamenyana ndi musket a. Iwo anali nthawi zonse kuchititsa "puteplavaniya magazini", limene adaperekeza polojekiti ya maphunziro awo. Pamene achangu nkhani midshipman kuti utumiki ndi atsogoleri maphunziro othandiza linaperekedwa "An chitsimikizo zovomereza", umene unali chikuonetseratu kuti tione chilolezo cha. Mu mawu ena, cadets - iwo ukutchedwa, ngakhale nsomba kapena mbalame, ndipo malinga ngati Sizilowana chiyeso chomaliza, akhoza kukhala zonse kunachitika alonda panyanja.

kampani midshipman

Atamwalira Peter chimapangitsa amakonda brainchild - pa Russian zombo - anayamba pang'onopang'ono kuchepa. Iwo yafupika kuchuluka ndi gardemariny. Zimenezi zinachititsa chakuti iwo ophatikizidwa mu gulu limodzi pa Naval Academy, ndipo kangapo anasamuka ku St. Petersburg kuti Kronstadt ndi kumbuyo. Zima cadets anaphunzira ku sukulu ya, chilimwe mchitidwe pa makhoti, koma makamaka chifukwa cha owerengeka Zombo Zankhondo ku madoko anatumikira sanali analamula akapitawo (NCO) maudindo. Tsopano midshipman pasukulu ku mayeso kwa udindo chilolezo kapitawo osachepera 7 zaka za utumiki, koma pambuyo nawo yokopa atatu, ndi kokha pamene pali ntchito mkulu wa.

Mu 1752, a Naval Academy midshipman ndi kampani anali anathetsa ndipo anakhala mbali ya anakhazikitsa sitima Cadet Corps. Tsopano, tsogolo alonda panyanja anaphunzira kwa zaka zitatu. cadets Elizabethan - ndi komaliza chaka ophunzira, ndi anthu amene ankapita zoyamba ziwiri, anaitanidwa cadets. Anadzatchedwa midshipmen ophunzira onse wapadera - zomangamanga, zida zankhondo, etc. - .. sitima maphunziro. udindo msilikali wa midshipman chinathetsedwa pa apanyanja.

alonda panyanja maphunziro dongosolo kusintha

Zimenezi anapitiriza pafupifupi zaka. Ndi pakati pa XIX m'ma lamulo la zombo Russian, zinadziwika kuti anapatsidwa udindo wa kapitawo mnyamata atangotha zaka sukulu ndi osathandiza. Choyamba, pa Black Sea zombo mu Nikolaev, kampani patokha cadets unakhazikitsidwa, ndi kumene anayambitsa msilikali mutu 1860. Ndiye cadets - ndi mtundu wa kubwerera ku chiyambi cha Petulo. Cholinga cha kukhazikitsidwa awo Navy anali kufunika kupatsa achinyamata - omaliza maphunziro a Naval Cadet Corps ndi Nikolaev midshipman kampani - nduna ndipo seamanship.

Ndi udindo wake bulu midshipmen wolingana asilikali msilikali. Iwo ankavala yunifolomu kapitawo, ndipo analandira malipiro wapadera. Patatha zaka ziwiri utumiki, pa umboni wa lamulo, iwo anavomera kuti mayeso othandiza pa udindo wa kapitawo chilolezo.

Izo sizinali mpaka 1882, pamene cadets mutu kachiwiri anabwerera kwa ophunzira achikulire chaka sitima Corps, amene alemba ntchito makhalidwe mu maulendo kutali nyanja pa bolodi wapadera. Kumapeto kwa ophunzira ake mayeso omalizira ndi kukhala midshipmen. Kenako mutu midshipman anapatsidwa ndi ophunzira maphunziro zasekondale ndi wapadera ndi manambala oyambirira a "wamng'ono".

Mu 1906, pambuyo Russian kugonjetsedwa mu nkhondo ndi Japan, ntchito mwachindunji mutu wa ophunzirawo wamng'ono anasintha anamasulidwa mu Navy monga midshipman, ndipo chaka chimodzi chinenero kupita zombo zawo nkhondo. Pachaka Nyanja Mediterranean, kusiya mwapadera zachinyengo maphunziro detachment la zombo zingapo. Kupenda kwa junior panyanja kapitawo anabwera atabwerera ku ntchito imeneyi.

Mu Soviet Union, udindo wa midshipman linathetsedwa.

Momwe zinthu zikusinthira

Masiku ano cadets - ndichiyani? Nthawi zambiri, ophunzira otchedwa mabungwe apadera maphunziro monga likulu la Choyamba sitima Cadet chiphaso sukulu kapena ophunzira Nakhimov Naval School. Koma zimachitika m'malo kale ndipo mwamwayi.

Si kale panali nkhani yokonzekera kuwombera wa yotsatira pafupi ndi mwambo film, kotero inu mukhoza kukhala otsimikiza kuti mawu wonyada adzakhala mu chinenero chathu, ndi zambiri.