Nyama ya Red Bukhu la Republic of Komi: mndandanda, kufotokoza ndi makhalidwe

Chifukwa cha kukhulupirika kwa moyo chipolopolo Lapansi (biosphere) ndi chiwerengero chonse zosiyanasiyana mitundu tizilombo, zomera, nyama, bowa ndi T. D., Amene anapanga m'kati kusanduka. Mu dongosolo ili, palibe superfluous kapena zosafunika ndi limagwirira bwino yolongosoka ukugwira ntchito kwa zaka mamiliyoni ambiri. Zosonyeza na chitukuko cha anthu, amene amadza pa zinyama kokha kuonjezera chaka pa chaka. Nthawi zambiri zopindulitsa ndiponso chifukwa kumabweretsa kufunika kutengera miyeso umalimbana kuteteza zosiyanasiyana mitundu.

Mu Republic Komi ntchito ya mtundu uwu ikuchitika ndi 80 ntchentche. The Book Red unakhazikitsidwa mu 1998, kumene kumasonyeza mitundu yonse kawirikawiri ndi pangozi. Pafupipafupi kufalitsidwa - kamodzi pa zaka khumi. Nyama ya Red Book la Republic of Komi ayesedwa pa muyezo asanu ndi siyana zomwe udindo wa mitundu.

I kwa kuwunika

• 0 - mwina zinatha kapena zinatha, ndiye pamaso iwo anakhala pa dera la Republic, koma mu zaka 100 kapena 50 (kwa invertebrates ndipo inakhala, motero), pamaso pawo sanali anatsimikizira.
• 1 - ali pangozi, kuti nambalayo amene anali yafupika mlingo yapadera ndi Mwina ndi kuti kutha kwathunthu posachedwapa.
• 2 - mitundu amene manambala zimachepa bwinobwino.
• 3 - osowa. Zikuphatikizapo anthu, subspecies kuti moyo pa malo ochepa ndi manambala ndi mwachibadwa otsika.
• 4 - odetsedwa chosadalirika, ndiye amene anasonkhana mfundo zokwanira, koma iwo mwina kugwera wina siyana izi.
• 5 - akuchira kapena anachira. Tizilombo, zomera ndi nyama ya Red Bukhu la Republic of Komi, chiwerengero cha amene ali pafupi ndi chithunzi, pamene iwo sali mu kusowa chitetezo ndi thandizo.

bowa

Chimodzi mwa zamatsenga ndi chidwi mufumu sayansi - Bowa. Tsopano amaphatikizapo za miliyoni ndi theka mitundu. Mu Red Book wa Komi ukufanizidwa ndi madipatimenti awiri ndi 42 mitundu. kuphatikizapo:

• M'dzinja gyromitra - limakula m'nkhalango coniferous ndi kusakaniza ang'ono-Ndalankhula amabwera osati chaka chilichonse, nthawi osiyana Vychegda Mtsinje beseni;
• Smorchkova kapu - humus saprotroph, osowa, wopanda kwakukulukulu lofanana ndi view yapita;
• greasers White (onani chithunzi pamwambapa) - ambiri mu Russia, koma dera la Komi ali osowa, chifukwa chachikulu - chiwonongeko cha malo malo ake.

algae

Mosiyana ndi zimene ambiri amakhulupirira, atengedwa pansi pa chitetezero cha mbalame osati, zomera ndi nyama. Red Data Bukhu la Republic of Komi ndi owayimilira anapita wamkulu zamoyo spore (algae) a zomera m'munsi Subkingdom. Pali mitundu inayi: lemaneya mtsinje, Nostoc maula, tolipella spicate, hara wamba. Woyamba ndi columnar algae, kufika mpaka masentimita 4. Ngati inu kutenga lonse lapansi, mtundu wa munkapezeka ambiri. Komabe, mu Komi cholemba yekha anthu ting'onoting'ono mitsinje ndi nyanja ya Titafika pamalo a.

Lemaneya mtsinje ali Thallus lalikulu mpaka 30 cm yaitali, zambiri zophweka, makamakanso zochuluka nthambi. Specific mtundu: mdima wofiirira, zofiirira, pinki. mitundu osowa ofiira algae mu dziko, anapeza 4 Komi anthu. The Tinganenenso chimodzimodzi za tolipellu spicate, kukula pansi pa nyanja Titafika pamalo. Population, ndipo alipo pang'ono kuphunzira, koma ayenera kutetezedwa, kuyambira okha Titafika pamalo umakhala Russia.

Zomera Red Book

The zomera lonse la Republic of Komi ali zomera 1158 (mtima), umene pafupifupi 1,000 zokhudzana zoni nayonso ndi 500 - kuti Titafika pamalo a. Ulamuliro wa oimira angiosperms lapansi. Dziwani ena mwa mitundu. Mwachitsanzo, Pinus sibirica (chithunzi), amene molakwika otchedwa mkungudza. Ndi mtengo wamtali (34-35 m) ali ndi korona kufalitsa ndi moyo, amanenera, mpaka zaka 500, makamaka kwambiri chifukwa olemera zothandiza mtedza mankhwala. Ayesedwa pa muyezo chachiwiri, chifukwa - moto ndi kudula poaching. Buku akupereka sedges zosiyanasiyana, Bolotnitsa, Bluegrass Iris Siberia, violets, Elm (yosalala, akhakula), ndipo ena.

Chordate nyama kutchulidwa Red Book la Republic of Komi Pali zambiri ndiponso zosiyanasiyana, kotero tiyeni tiyang'ane makamaka kusukulu.

kalasi Pisces

Madzi wokongola wa Republic mumakhala mitundu 44 ya nsomba Bony. Nkhanza nyengo ndi ambiri mitsinje ndi nyanja apeza ntchito ya nsomba monga zinazake makolo mu dera. Chinthu umenewu pamodzi poaching, kuwonongeka kwa nyanja ndi mitsinje, chitukuko mafakitale gawo zinachititsa kuti kuchepa kwa chiwerengero cha nsomba malonda. Iwo ali pangozi njirazi.

• Common mumapezeka nsomba - nsomba amakonda kukhala oyera mitsinje phiri ndi kudya panopa. Poyamba, pali nthawi ya makilogalamu 70, koma chomalizachi anagwira toyesa si oposa 4 makilogalamu. chordates izi Red Bukhu la Republic of Komi ochepa chifukwa okha kagawo kakang'ono zachilengedwe.
• Siberia Nsombazi - nsomba zazikulu kwambiri ndi 1.5 mamita m'litali ndi kulemera avareji makilogalamu 50. A mitundu chosowa kwambiri mogwirizana ndi yogwira poaching ndi madzi kuipitsa.
• White Salmon - lalikulu mtsinje nsomba, vuto ndi kuipitsa spawning ndi kudyetsa malo.

Kuwonjezera pamenepo, bukuli ali kozizira gale-, Grayling, bullhead.

Zokwawa, achule ndi

Nyama zimenezi ndi Red Bukhu la Republic of Komi ali wosazindikira inakhala, madzi kutsogolera kapena moyo theka-m'madzi. Gawo umaimiridwa ndi mitundu iwiri yokha. Choyamba - Siberia salamander. Ilinso ndi elongated ndipo anamaliza thupi ndi mutu waukulu ndi flattened. Kukula kwa akuluakulu mu masentimita 11-15 yaitali. The zifukwa chifukwa cha kukula kwake ang'onoang'ono bwino bwino, koma monga ena amagwirizana ndi kuthetsa chidina lapansi. Mtundu chachiwiri - European moto bellied umodzi wa achule. Kagulu amphibian mpaka 5-6 masentimita ndi lalanje kuwala kapena wofiira mimba TACHIMATA wofiirira mawanga. Kuopseza lagona kuipitsa malo awo kapena kusintha awo.

mbalame

Mu Republic Komi, 250 Mbalame za mitundu chisa. A iwo mu Red Book a m'dera zalembedwa motere: lalikulu ndi Grebe, European wakuda khosi diver, bittern wamba ndi ang'ono ang'ono ndi whooper tsekwe, red-breasted tsekwe, greylag tsekwe, wamng'ono woyera, osprey, chithaphwi harrier, golide mphungu, uchi khwangwala, woyera-tailed mphungu, peregrine, kabawi Merlin, imvi Crane, zinziri, moorhen, coot, corncrake, oystercatcher, snipe, wakuda tailed Ulendo wautali, kadzidzi, achisanu kadzidzi, imvi, bearded ndi kuleza tailed tawny kadzidzi, mphungu kadzidzi, wamba shrike Red ndi Nightingale.

The Red Bukhu la Republic of Komi (nyama): mndandanda wa nyama

Awa ndi mwadongosolo chordates, iwo amakhala kapangidwe zovuta ya ubongo ndipo, chotero, zovuta ndi dziphunzitsiranso khalidwe mayankho. 60 mitundu ya nyama moyo mu Republic, ndipo kawirikawiri ndi pangozi anatumizidwa asanu.

• Mphalapala - zosamukasamuka mitundu atengeke kuopseza makamaka chifukwa cha poaching. Iwo kalekale ku mitundu kumalo ozizira imatengedwa opereka chakudya ndi zipangizo.
• pika kumpoto - nyama, kukula ndi maonekedwe akufanana ndi makoswe, koma ndi yochepa mchira anamaliza makutu, mtundu - chikasu dzimbiri. Kuopseza ndi chitukuko mafakitale dziko, kuononga malo okhala nyama.
• Mu mndandanda wa "Nyama ya Red Bukhu la Republic of Komi" akatumbu ali m'gulu, ngakhale zachilendo mu view Russian. The ochepa anthu amagwirizana ndi chakudya zochepa chakudya, aakulu nyengo, chiwonongeko ndi anthu opha nyama.
• The mink European amakhala m'madera ambiri a Russia, koma mu Komi yaing'ono manambala, zifukwa sakudziwika, mwina chifukwa kusintha zinthu zachilengedwe.
• Brown kuleza opindika m'makona mleme - mleme yaing'ono kukula, chifukwa cha kuchuluka otsika - yozizira kwambiri ndiponso kudula mitengo.

Monga mukudziwa, aliyense mu dzikoli lili bwino, koma mchikakamizo cha zochita za anthu, izo mosavuta osamukira ina akumane. Kawirikawiri, koma pali nthawi, ndipo osiyanitsidwa pamene kudziona kubwezeretsedwa nyama osowa wa Red Bukhu la Republic of Komi. European polecat - chitsanzo mwachindunji. Iye anali kutchulidwa yoyamba, koma tsiku, anthu atachitidwa ndi kotetezedwa kwa maphunziro, koma chifukwa nyama mulibe mu mndandanda.