Nyimbo zizindikiro, zizindikiro ndi zida. Music anachita moni

Kuyambira nthawi makedzana, mwa luso la anthu ophatikizidwa maganizo awo, malingaliro ndi zokumana nazo. Ena utoto katswiri wa kupenta, chosonyeza zinthu kudzoza, moyo watsiku ndi tsiku, komanso olowa pokumbukira Makanema a mbiri yake. Ena amanga zosiyanasiyana nyumba ndi zipilala, kuwapatsa ena tanthauzo. Zodabwitsa ambiri a iwo ankatchedwa zodabwitsa kwambiri. Kuchokera pansi pa manja a munthu chitatu kunja wina wa tsamba la ndakatulo m'tsogolo, mabuku, epics, kumene nthawi iliyonse nkhani anatengedwa amphamvu, zogwirizana, mu maganizo a mawu mlembi.

Komabe, panali anthu amene anapeza kudzoza mu kuchimva. Iwo analenga zida wapadera kufotokoza maganizo kuwasiya iwo. Anthu amenewa amachedwa ndi oimba.

nyimbo ndi chiyani?

Masiku ano, maganizo "nyimbo" wapatsidwa kuchuluka yaikulu matanthauzo. Koma ngati inu kulankhula bwinobwino, ndi luso mawonekedwe, nkhani yaikulu imene phokoso makamaka.

N'zochititsa chidwi kuti ambiri a zinenero zakale mawu amatanthauza "ntchito za Muses."

Soviet wasayansi Arnold Sochor, nayenso ankakhulupirira kuti nyimbo mwapadera amasonyeza zenizeni, komanso kupereka kukhudzana anthu kudzera watanthauzo ndi wapadera njira bungwe msinkhu, ndi pa nthawi ndondomeko abwino, chigawo chachikulu chimene ali malankhulidwe a.

A History Mwachidule a Music

Kuyambira kale, anthu ankakonda nyimbo. Pa dera la Africa wakale kudzera zosiyanasiyana nyimbo zomwe ndi gawo la miyambo, ankayesetsa kuti funsani mizimu milungu. Mu Egypt, nyimbo zofanana ntchito kwenikweni kwa nyimbo achipembedzo. Panali mawu akuti "chilakolako" ndi "misetrii" salisiyanitsa kuti polemba chinenero chimenechi. Ntchito otchuka Egypt anali "Book of Akufa" ndi "Piramidi Malemba" pofotokoza "chilakolako" mulungu Aigupto Osirisi. Agiriki akale anali anthu oyamba mu dziko amene chikhalidwe chawo anatha kukwaniritsa mawu apamwamba a nyimbo. M'pofunikanso kuwonjezera apa ndi chakuti iwo ali kwa nthawi yoyamba ndipo anaona kuli mtundu wa nthawi zonse pakati pa mfundo masamu ndi phokoso.

Ndi nyimbo kusanduka ndipo chinatenga nthawi. Iwo anayamba kuoneka m'madera angapo ofunika.

Malinga ndi chiphunzitso chakale, ndi IX m'ma pansi panali Mitundu zotsatirazi nyimbo: Gregory kukuwa (mitundu mwachitsanzo osiyana nyimbo mpingo, chipembedzo), bard nyimbo ndi nyimbo yakale (a Mwachitsanzo omveka polemba chinenero ichi - ndi nyimbo). Mu ndondomeko ya zimene zimachitika pakati pa anthu, Mitundu awa pang'onopang'ono wothira mzake, kupanga watsopano, mosiyana ndi anthu m'mbuyomu. Choncho, pa mapeto a XIX m'ma panali jazi, omwe anakhala makolo a Mitundu zambiri zamakono.

ndi zizindikiro nyimbo ndi zizindikiro zotani?

Kodi zingatheke bwanji kuti alembe phokoso? Nyimbo nyimbo kalembedwe - pokhapo titachitapo zithunzi, zomwe zili pa stave lapansi. Ntchito yawo ndicho chikhazikitso cha kumwamba ndi nthawi wachibale wa phokoso. Ndi palibe chinsinsi chimene kalembedwe nyimbo ndi maziko othandiza nyimbo. Komabe, si umapatsidwa kwa aliyense. Phunzirani zizindikiro nyimbo - ndithu nthawi yambiri ndondomeko, zipatso za amene adzatha kulawa okha kwambiri mtima ndiponso mwakhama.

Ngati tayamba kulowa mu maonekedwe a kalembedwe ano, ndiye nkhaniyi kuthetsa izo modekha, chachikulu kwambiri. Kuti tichite zimenezi, muyenera kulemba osiyana, ntchito yaikulu kwambiri za zizindikiro nyimbo ndi zizindikiro. Mmodzi wa anthu otchulidwa chotchuka kwambiri, ndithudi, "treble clef". Asanabwere chake wakhala chizindikiro cha nyimbo.

Kodi zida zoimbira ndi nanga?

Zinthu zofunika luso wachotsa yosiyanasiyana phokoso inafunika polenga mankhwala, lotchedwa zoimbira. Zida alipo lero, malinga ndi luso lawo, cholinga, khalidwe zogwira m'magulu angapo chachikulu: keyboards, percussion, mphepo, chingwe ndi bango.

Pali ambiri classifications ena (monga chitsanzo yowala Hornbostelya Sachs-dongosolo).

Maziko thupi la chida chilichonse chimene umabala malankhulidwe nyimbo (kupatula zipangizo zosiyanasiyana magetsi), ndi resonator. Monga zingakhale chingwe, otchedwa oscillation dera, ndi ndime ya mpweya (mu kuchuluka), kapena chinthu ina iliyonse imene kuthekera kusunga mphamvu anasamutsa kwa mu mawonekedwe a Phokoso.

The resonant pafupipafupi likulowa woyamba overtone (mwa kulankhula kwina, ichi chititsimikizira kamvekedwe) phokoso amapangidwa pa mphindi.

Dziwani kuti chida cha ali ndi mphamvu imodzi kusewera mawu, wofanana ndi chiwerengero cha resonators ntchito. Kamangidwe zingaphatikizepo nambala osiyana a iwo. Tingafinye zomvetsera kumayambira nthawi imene M'mimbamo jekeseni mphamvu. Ngati woimba ndi chotheka kuti achepetse phokoso pa maziko mokakamizidwa, n'zotheka amachita kwenikweni wotero, monga damping lapansi. Pa nkhani ya zina mwa zipangizo zotheka kusintha kumveka pafupipafupi. Mu ena zida, imene chakudya phokoso si nyimbo (monga - ng'oma), chipangizo ichi si ntchito.

Kodi nyimbo ndi nanga?

M'lingaliro yotakata nyimbo, kapena, monga iwo ukutchedwa, opus - ndi aliyense play, improvisation, wowerengeka nyimbo. M'mawu ena, pafupifupi zonse zimene zingagwedezeke kudzera kunjenjemerako mawu analamula. Nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi zina chokwanira mkati, kuphatikiza chuma (kudzera zizindikiro nyimbo, zolemba ndi zina zotero. D.), ena mtundu wa chilimbikitso. Chinanso chofunika komanso mwapadera, kutanthauza kuti, monga ulamuliro, malingaliro ndi zokumana nazo za wolemba, kuti ankafuna kupereka kwa omvera ntchito zake.

Tikumbukenso kuti mawu akuti "nyimbo" monga mfundo okhazikika bwino anaonekera mu dera luso zimakhalanso posachedwapa (tsiku lenileni silikudziwika, koma penapake m'chigawo cha m'ma XVIII-XIX). Nthawi zimenezi, m'malo mwa njira iliyonse.

Mwachitsanzo, Vilgelm Gumboldt ndi Johann woweta m'malo amene anawagwiritsa ntchito mawu akuti "zinthu". Mu nthawi ya mutu avant-garde m'malo mwa "chochitika", "gawo", "lotseguka mawonekedwe". Panopa, pali nyimbo zambiri zosiyana. Ife amati kuganizira wotchuka kwambiri, chidwi ndi zachilendo anthu.

I. Song (kapena nyimbo)

Song - mmodzi wa zophweka kwambiri, koma wamba zidutswa za music, zimene lemba ndakatulo limodzi ndi yosavuta nyimbo kuti n'zosavuta kukumbukira.

Dziwani kuti nyimbo ndi imodzi mwa madera ambiri anayamba m'njira yakuti pali panopa ambiri zosiyanasiyana ake, Mitundu, ndi zina zotero. D.

II. nthetemya

Nthetemya (mu Greek - "mogwirizana, kukongola, mogwirizana") anatchula chidutswa cha nyimbo kwenikweni anafuna kuti ntchito ya oketsra, zimene kukhala mphepo, zingwe, chipinda ndi kusakaniza. Nthawi zina, chisimoni angakhale m'gulu mingoli kapena makolasi.

Kawirikawiri ntchito kubweretsa pamodzi ndi Mitundu ina, potero kupanga mawonekedwe wosanganiza (mwachitsanzo, Symphony Maapatimenti, Symphony-m'ndakatulomo Symphony Zongoganizira ndi zina zotero. D.)

III. Zing'wenyeng'wenye ndi Fugue

Zing'wenyeng'wenye (ku Latin prae - «kubwera» ndi ludus - «Game") - ndi ntchito zing'onozing'ono zomwe, mosiyana ndi anzake ena, alibe maonekedwe kwambiri.

Makamaka preludes ndi fugues ali zida monga harpsichord, limba, limba

Poyamba, mankhwala amenewa ankafuna kuti oimba ndi mwayi "konzekera" pamaso pa mbali yaikulu ya ntchito. Komabe, pambuyo pake kale kuonetsetsa onse palokha choyambirira mankhwala.

IV. anachuluka

mtundu uwu ndi chidwi kwambiri, chifukwa yowalanga osati kwambiri. Touche - (French kwa "chinsinsi", "kulowa") ndi nyimbo zinkaimbidwa mu moni. Kwa nthawi yoyamba mawu akuti wakhala akugwiritsa ntchito pakati pa XVIII atumwi ku Germany.

Cholinga cha ntchito iyi ndi kuti akope tcheru cha omvera zimene zikuchitika, komanso kukhazikitsa yoyenera maganizo ochekenera kukachitika (zambiri zosiyanasiyana miyambo). Kawirikawiri ntchito zoimbira moni zimatenga mkuwa gulu. Ndithudi aliyense atamva mitembo, amene anachita pa nthawi ya mphoto, ndi zina zotero. N.

M'nkhani lero wathu, tinakambirana zimene ndi zoimbira, zizindikiro, ntchito. Tikukhulupirira zidzakhala zothandiza ndi nkhani owerenga.