Nyukiliya zoyendetsedwa Chombo "Arktika": kufotokoza ndi zithunzi. Zombo zamakono kalasi "Arctic"

Mwina mbiri ya Soviet Union, yomwe akutchulidwa kwambiri chikondi ndi mogometsa kuposa chitukuko ya Far North. Kufunika ino yakhala woyamba kalasi: m'madera amene muli yaikulu ya mchere, amene zoipa zofunika wamng'ono makampani boma. Komanso, deta phunziro malo amenewa ndi ofunika kwambiri asayansi, popeza kulola kuti tione magawo chitukuko cha dziko lonse.

Mwachidule, kunali koyenera kuti mwanjira ina kufika kopita. Mu zikhalidwe za aakulu nyengo ndi mtanda dziko njira yabwino kunja ndi kugwiritsa ntchito njirazo nyanja okha navigation nyengo m'madera amene ali aafupi kwambiri. Chiopsezo kukodwa mu ayezi inali yaikulu.

Izo zinaliri apo, ndipo apo panali otchuka kwambiri padziko lonse Soviet ayezi kupita zombo. Chimodzi mwa zofunika kwambiri oimira ake anali Chombo "Arktika", mbiri ya zomwe ndi nkhani imeneyi. sitimayo ili ndi wapadera kuti mosavuta kuthera bukhu lonse! Ngati inu mukuwerenga nkhani, inu mukuvomereza nafe pa izi.

Mwachidule makhalidwe luso

m'chombo ali mbali kwambiri ndi lamphamvu adzikometsa anayi okha ndi nsanja potsegula awiri. Kuti akomere amazilamulira ndi lamulo dongosolo ntchito zisanu tiered sitimayo superstructure. gululi ndi sitima yaikulu ndi zomangira atatu (pa chilichonse - masamba anayi). M'chigawo chapakati ayezi ndi munthu chopangira mphamvu nthunzi, nthunzi amapangidwa amene ntchito riyakitala nyukiliya. Kupanga yotsirizira kupambana onse ongolankhula ndi othandiza akhala akugwiritsidwa ntchito, kuti makampani nyukiliya anakwanitsa kumanga Union panthawi imeneyo.

Mbali A chonsecho dongosolo thupi unapangidwa zosapanga aloyi zitsulo. Tangoganizani lonse yaikulu dongosolo anapanga zinthu mtengo komanso amazipanga cholimba! Mu malo amenewo, amene mchitidwe ambiri kuthamanga ayezi chitetezo amaperekedwa, otchedwa ayezi lamba, umene ndi kumanga-mmwamba structural zolimba wosanjikiza thupi waukulu sitimayo.

machitidwe ena shipboard

Yofunika structural mbali imene isiyana Chombo "Arctic" ndi crenic ndi chepetsa dongosolo. Kuti chingwe chabwazi, chomwe nthawi zambiri zofunika kuchita ogwira ntchito m'ngalawamo, lakonzedwa lonse towing nsanja ili pa kumbuyo kwa ngalawayo. Panadzakhalanso helipad. Monga ulamuliro, ntchito yokopa ya Mi-8, chimene chinali chofunika kwambiri yokwaniritsira reconnaissance losatha ndi malo zombo munakhala mu ayezi.

Chinthu chofunika kwambiri pa chombo ali wangwiro kwambiri nthawi ya zochita zokha, amene ndi riyakitala nyukiliya akhoza ntchito kwa nthawi yaitali mu mode kwathunthu yoyenda yokha popanda kufunika ulonda zonse ndi nthawi yambiri. masensa anali anaika mu malo ya bwato Motors magetsi, zomera mphamvu zipinda, komanso ngati switchboards chachikulu. Control amagetsi chapakati zinachitikadi kuchokera pakati lamulo, limene anachita monga nyumba woyendetsa.

Malowa ali pamtunda pamwamba pa nyumba sitimayo, chifukwa imeneyi amapereka ndemanga yabwino kwambiri. M'lifupi mwa nyumba woyendetsa - zisanu mamita m'litali ndi anatambasula pa mamita onse 30. Kutsogolo ndi mbali makoma wheelhouse pafupifupi yokutidwa lonse kuonerera zenera. Oddly zokwanira, koma mndandanda wa zida imapezeka ake mwachilungamo wodzichepetsa.

Choncho, mu chipinda pali atatu mwamtheradi zofanana ulamuliro gulu lomwe lili chogwirira kulamulira malangizo a gulu la chombo, komanso zizindikiro zosonyeza udindo wa udindo wa onse ndi injini ndi zowongolera. Pali mabatani kupereka chenjezo beep, chipangizo kuti yambitsa limagwirira a kuchotsa ballast akasinja. Chithunzi anamaliza tchati tebulo, helm, hydrologists, tebulo ndi desiki ndi sonar.

Peak mphamvu - 55 MW, ndi kusamutsidwa matani 23,000. mlingo sitiroko (pansi makhalidwe abwino) chingaopseze dongosolo la 18 mfundo nthawi ya navigation kwathunthu yoyenda yokha ndi miyezi isanu ndi iwiri.

Mbiri ya chilengedwe

Self-zoyendetsedwa Chombo "Arktika" imene ili sitima utsogoleri wa ntchito 10520, anakhazikitsidwa mu 1971 pa m'matangadza wa doko la zombo zapanyanja Baltic. Soviet yapamadzi kwa nthawi yoyamba mu mbiri ya adalira tsogolo la anthu 150, osati nawo pomanga chombo, komanso angapereke malangizo mapulani ake. Mwambo umenewu analola amalinyero kuphunzira luso latsopano kwathunthu mu nthawi umboni. Adalira kutsogoleredwa ndi Captain Yu. S. Kuchiev.

Zinali amazipanga odziwa mkulu amene anapitiriza ulendo osiyanasiyana ayezi breakers kwa zaka zoposa zitatu. Kale kumapeto kwa December 1972 sitima m'madzi, umene ndi umboni ndithu kwa nthawi yomanga ya mtundu uwu.

Chitetezo njira ya ntchito

Mu USSR, boma pasanapite nthawi, anaganiza kuti Chombo "Arktika" adzakhala nako imapanga luso ntchito ngati wamphamvu cruiser Coast Alonda. Pofuna kukwaniritsa zimenezi, tiyenera kukhazikitsa ya zida zankhondo zida lalikulu-likungosonyeza, zipangizo kupanga kusokonezedwa yogwira, komanso zina makina ounikira zida zankhondo-kalembedwe. "Program Zolemba" kuphatikizanso mayeso zinthu pafupi nkhondoyo.

Pambuyo pake, onse zida za nkhondo amayenera kuchotsa ndi kusunga. Pa chombo zopitako ena ankafunila kwambiri ndipo amafuna mu nthawi ya zida nkhondo, mothball mu njira yapadera (asayambe kuthekera decompression oyambirira ndi kuyendetsa yowotcha udindo).

Kwenikweni, ngati inu mutayang'ana pa Mkhalidwe chitsanzo Chombo "Arktika", mukhoza kuona maphunziro a contours mu warship wake. Pakuti USSR, nkhondo imeneyi sanali wachilendo kwa monga dziko anakumbukira zimene zinachitikira 40s nthawizonse.

Mmene anali akwaniritsa ili mlingo wa pomanga chombo

A nthawi yaitali kwambiri okonza anali kuganiza za mmene angapewere akuchedwa pang'ono pomanga sitimayo. Chifukwa chaichi, achiwiri likulu ntchito unakhazikitsidwa, amene ankagwira ntchito pa Victor Nilovich Shershneva. Iye anaganiza: kupanga mayeso zonse zofunikira pa nyanja popanda kuitana pa doko pa nthawi imodzi.

Pa bolodi zoti titenge zofunika asilikali onse, komanso lamulo osiyana, amene anali kuyang'anira manja ang'ono ndi zida zida zankhondo. Adalira yomweyo anthu 700, pamene m'njira yachibadwa pa bolodi chakudya oposa 150 mipando.

Okonza nthumwi za makasitomala kuchita khama kwambiri kuti akomere onse ogwira chofunika, ngakhale kukhumudwitsa aliyense. Ine ndinali kukhala ili mu Leningrad mu masiku anayi. Pa nthawi imeneyi madzi adalikugona kutali pansi pa munthu wamba, ngakhale kuti mapeto bwino sitimayo anali owonjezera ake 30-40 masentimita!

Kutsiliza chotengera pa mayesero nyanja

Vuto wakhala kupewedwa ngati chabe chifukwa analibe kudikira aliyense: adalira lonse linali mu zonse nkhondowo wokonzeka, kukhala pa bolodi. Mwalowa ndandanda sitima chombo anatha bwinobwino kubweretsa nyanja. M'katikati mwa December 1974 ku Moscow ndi Leningrad anatengedwa lalifupi ndi lalifupi uthenga wailesi "Anamaliza." Kenako adaseleula motere naye kuti Kuchiev kuposa Kaisara yekha: kotero mwachidule Popeza lipoti la bwinobwino mayesero nyanja sitimayo zovuta!

Mazana a bwana zapangidwa kuti bwino galimoto ndi mooring monga ayezi, ndipo ambiri a iwo anali kwathunthu zagwiridwa ndi okonza za "kum'thamangitsa". Mu April 1975, yoyamba kubwereketsa kunyanja. Izi zinasonyeza kuti Chombo "Arktika", zithunzi zomwe zilipo m'nkhani likumanenso zofunika zonse anaikidwa pa siteji ya mapulani ndi sketching.

Kale April 25, 1975, pamene sitimayo inali itaima ku doko la Tallinn, izo analeredwa ndi boma mbendera ya USSR. Pomaliza mwalamulo anasaina kalata kulanda katundu zombo za kenako kalasi "Arctic" chombo choyamba anapita molunjika kwa Murmansk, kumene unali doko la kaundula. Zinali kupambana lonse la sayansi ndi makampani Poteteza dziko lalikulu.

Kuwonjezera pa zikwi za anthu amene amagwira ntchito yomanga chotengeracho, kapangidwe ndi makhalidwe ake zatsopano kuphatikizapo zoposa 350 (!) Kafukufuku wa sayansi, chitetezo, oceanographic komanso mabungwe hydrological, bureaus kamangidwe, mabungwe kafukufuku kudutsa dziko.

Kukhoma ku mpoto Nyanja Route

Back kumayambiriro 1975, isanafike kuvomereza ake boma la Chombo "Arktika" (onani chithunzi. Pamwamba) kwakukuru wochitidwa ndi kumpoto Nyanja Route, Chombo "asilikali Makarov" (dizilo-magetsi). Kale pa chiyambi cha chaka chamawa, iye kwenikweni anapulumutsidwa ku ukapolo wa hummocks ayezi chomwecho ngalawa "Ermak" ndipo adapulumuka kuphedwa yonyamula katundu "Captain Myshevsky".

Ndi "Arctic" anatenga gawo mu kupulumutsidwa kwa Chombo "Leningrad", pamodzi ndi mayendedwe ngalawa "Chelyuskin". Odala mkulu otchedwa chochitika mpaka mkulu wa ngalawa watsopano, basi chifukwa cha milandu anayi, izo ankalimbikitsidwa.

zaka ziwiri Monga mmene ntchito yogwira anatsimikizira kuti anapita wapadera kwambiri mtundu wake wa flagship la zombo Soviet - nyukiliya Chombo "Arktika". chitsanzo wake m'masiku amenewo ankaona nyama kwambiri aziti iyeyu n'ngwabwino anyamata aliyense Soviet. Ndipo zifukwa zomveka, ndiyenera kunena! Iwo wasonyeza osati ndi kudalilika chabwino cha makhazikitsidwe nyukiliya ndi ena, komanso kwambiri khalidwe zolimba panyanja m'chombo. Komabe, wofunitsitsa mkulu Kuchiev ankadziwa kuti "kuchipatala" wake amatha kwambiri, choncho amafunika kukonzekera nthawi ya nkhondo ya kumpoto. Posachedwa kuchonderera ake adamva. Gulu anayamba kukonzekera ndege wautali kwambiri kuposa.

Mu April 1977, Ndege experimental pa Yamal

Mu 1976, sitima anachoka ku doko la Murmansk, mu kudutsa ayezi anakhala analimbitsa chotengera "Pavel Ponomarev". Magalimoto onyamula pa bolodi pafupifupi zikwi zinayi matani chakudya ndi banja katundu osiyanasiyana. Near Cape Kharasavey gulu mosavuta kwambiri anakwanitsa kutsitsa ndi katundu zonse ayezi kudya, kenako anatengedwa kupita kumtunda. zombo onse anapita ku Nineve, mu ayezi doko la Murmansk.

Zochitika zasonyeza kuti Kuchiev bwino mu kuwunika awo a makhalidwe apamwamba a kuthamanga kwa chombo, koma chifukwa pa 1977 yomweyo anakonza ngakhale akutali ndi zambiri zovuta kukwera. Tsopano kuyembekezera kuti ndege angapo Yamal. nthawi iyi, gulu sanali okha oyambirira Arctic Chombo, koma chombo cha kalasi yomweyo "Murmansk", komanso atatu zoyendera katundu chotengera.

"Zozizwitsa pa anaŵerama"

Chaka cha 1977 kumayambiriro, kenako bwinobwino anayamba kupalasa kuchokera Murmansk, ndi masiku ndiye pambuyo anayi anakwera Kharasavey. Patapita mlungu umodzi, khoti anapita ku Nineve. Nyanja Barents ndi imodzi mwa Transport anatumiza ulendo wake Murmansk, kumene pa kufika nthawi yomweyo anaimirira kuti katunduyo. Pakali pano, kampani Zombo anatenga wina chombo kapolo, kenako unachitikira njira zake zakale. Patapita masiku awiri chabe, ndondomeko linabwerezedwanso.

ophunzira onse a msonkhano pamodzi anavomereza kuti Chombo "Arktika", makhalidwe luso amene anapereka m'nkhani, pirengo, prolamyvayas hummocks wokhala makulidwe.

otsatira

Ndipo tsopano ife kupereka mndandanda wa ziwiya zonse anamanga pansi pa polojekitiyo 10520:

• "Arctic".
• "Siberia".
• "Russia".
• "Soviet Union".
• "Yamal".
• "Zaka 50 Chigonjetso".

Tikumbukenso kuti Chombo otsiriza "Arktika" (m'chombo latsopano "Zaka 50 Chigonjetso") anaikidwa mu ntchito kokha mu 2007, ngakhale afunika ake zinachitika kumbuyo mu 1993. chifukwa ndi losavuta - utsogoleri watsopano wa dziko panali kusowa nthawi zonse ndalama .

Kuyambira 2000s, ndi ulendo ku Arctic pa ayezi linayamba kupezeka kwa aliyense amene akufuna (kwa ndalama). Chifukwa chofunika kuchuluka kwa akamaliza yomaliza kenako kusonkhanitsa ndi chombo yosatha yemwe amatengedwa mu Russian apanyanja.

nthawi yatsopano

Ndi 1999, "wachikulire" wagwira ntchito kwa zaka 25, kuthera kudzera njira kumpoto pa zotengera zikwi zitatu mu magwiridwe amene anali kuwatumiza matani oposa miliyoni Katundu wapatali. Koma njira Mwamunayu anali lisanamalizike, iwo anali kuyembekezera mbiri yonse yatsopano. Kuchokera May kwa May, kuyambira 1999 kuti 2000, sitima imene ziwiya Arctic Ocean 110. Wa makilomita kuyendetsa sitima zapamadzi zikwi 50 ndendende 32 zikwi chombo zapita popanda kulephera limodzi. Osati zoipa kwa zaka 25 zakubadwa "dinosaur", amene adapereka moyo wake ntchito mu mavuto ndi zosatheka!

Ankayenera kuti Chombo "Arktika" pa nthawi imeneyo? M'nyumbayi kapena kukopa alendo wolemera, amene oyendetsa anali amatsutsa! Mu chilungamo tisaiwale kuti sitima yoyamba pa ntchito 10520 mu 2008 akadali zakale, koma adzadziwire za m'mbiri waliteteza kwathunthu. Pa kusodza ziwiya kuti adakali mu zigawo, mukhoza ndiulendo pa Chombo mu Arctic. Chidwi cha alendo amene akhala kumeneko, sangathe kusonyeza mawu. Yosatheka kuneneka kusangalala!

moyo kutambasuka

Nyukiliya Chombo anakhala kafukufuku kwenikweni pansi. Oyendetsa asayansi atsimikizira kuti Kanyama ka ngalawa ili nthawi yaitali ntchito kupitirira nthawi yoikidwayo. Ndi m'ma 2000 waukulu opaleshoni nthawi ya kachitidwe ndi njira zonse chotengera anali kale za 146.000 maola. Popeza zonsezi, asayansi ndi akatswiri anaganiza kuti moyo utumiki wa ambiri "Arctic" akhoza bwinobwino kupitiriza mpaka 175 zikwi maola, ndi zombo zina za polojekiti ntchito mpaka nthawi opaleshoni 150 zikwi.

The flagship cha polojekitiyi adzalola yocheza masauzande zatsopano pa izo zakhala zinayenda kuipidwa ya navigation ndi zida Rada Soviet Union ndi Russia, asayansi nyukiliya anasonkhana deta amazipanga wapatali pa zomera mphamvu za nyukiliya ku mavuto kwambiri. Mtengo umene uli nyukiliya zoyendetsedwa Chombo "Arktika" (zithunzi ndi kuperekedwa m'nkhani), n'zovuta Musaone.