October Palace (Kiev): mbiriyakale ndi zomangamanga

Mmodzi wa makadi malonda likulu Chiyukireniya akuganiza October Palace. Kiev onyada ntchito mapulani vibrantly ndi akuzisunga ngakhale tsamba yamdima ya mbiri yake.

Chaluso Vincent ndi Alexander Beretti

Mu 1834 wotchedwa Dmitry Begichev General anapereka chuma chake kwa nsanjika zitatu kunyumba ya University of Kiev. Koma pa pempho la dziko bungwe tawuni anaperekedwa kwa pomanga Institute for Noble Atsikana. Yomanga inayamba mu 1838 yomwe inatenga zaka zisanu.

Mumadziwika Kiev wamanga, Vikentiy Beretti, ndisankhe kalembedwe classicism mochedwa. Koma ungakwanitsedi sizinayende - anafa asanamalize ntchito ndi mwana wake Alexander. Nyumba zikuluzikulu za storeys atatu. Iwo ali zipinda onse amoyo (aphunzitsi ndi ana asukulu ndi antchito), ndipo mwachindunji m'makalasi. The risalit semicircular linaikidwa pa Orthodox ndi Catholic mipingo. Mozungulira nyumba galimoto ndi mlathowu ndi pavilions, ndi m'dera wazunguliridwa ndi mpanda mkulu.

Pa nthawi imeneyo palibe amaganiziridwa kuti zaka zana yekha, m'tauni, kunena za chilengedwe cha bambo ndi mwana Beretta, adzakhala akulankhula za izo: "October Palace". Kiev Ine atsegulire nyumba yatsopano ya Institute for Noble Atsikana.

Kodi kuphunzira ndi kuzindikira kuti mtsikana wolimba mtima?

Atsikana chiyambi olemekezeka a zaka zapakati pa zaka 8 ndi 13 ali ndi ufulu kuchita sukulu kuwamaliza ndalama pagulu. mwana wamalonda a amabwera kuno pambuyo makolo kapena okuyang'anirani awo anawapatsa ndalama ndithu (350 rubles siliva m'chaka). Zinali yogonamo sukulu, amene anakonza zokongoletsa zikuyenela maphunziro. Panali anaphunzira:

• mabuku Russian ndi mabuku;
• zilankhulo (Polish, German ndipo French);
• zamulungu (chikale kapena Catholic) ndi kuimba mpingo;
• malo ndi mbiri;
• masamu;
• ndizosowa mineralogy ndi sayansi;
• zojambula ndi zithunzi;
• kuvina;
• needlework ndi zogona.

Sciences Inde inatenga zaka zisanu ndi chimodzi. Pulogalamuyo ogaŵikana mitundu zitatu, aliyense wa zaka ziwiri. Kumapeto kwa bungwe la maphunziro ndi kulandira omaliza dipuloma ya kuloledwa ndi udindo governesses mu mabanja a anthu olemekezeka ndi amalonda. Kotero mu zaka za m'ma XIX, October Palace (Kyiv) anali safanana ya aphunzitsi mu dera. Ngakhale Ndipotu mwa ophunzirawo kupeza olemba otchuka oimba ndi amaimba piyano.

chidziwitso chawo cha atsikana zapita aphunzitsi abwino a Kyiv zolimbitsira thupi ndi pulofesa wa Kiev Imperial University of St. Vladimir. Ena mwa iwo anali ngati asayansi odziwika bwino, monga Nicholas Von Bunge, Vitaly Shulgin, Mykola Kostomarov Mykola Lysenko.

M'kupita kwa nthawi, Institute for Noble Atsikana wakhala wotchuka kuti anthu amene akufuna kuphunzira zinali zambiri kuposa kulola kuti n'zotheka m'banja. Institutskaya msewu, limene thupi anadzatchedwa (poyamba Street General Begichev) pachifukwa chomwechi.

nyengo Soviet

Mphamvu zatsopano wabweretsa kusintha muzochitika zones za moyo. Choncho, mu 1919, anali atatseka ndi Institute for Noble Atsikana chifukwa cha kusowa amenewa mu dziko. msewu A dzina lake polemekeza proletarian zisinthe - 25 October. Apa, mwachidule munali maofesi a boma, ndiye anakakhala College chikopa makampani.

A chida chatsopano mu mbiri ya nyumba chikugwirizana ndi kubwerera kwa likulu la za Republican mu 1934. October Palace (Kiev) anakhala pa mpando wa NKVD. Mu kosungira ake Anamanga zipinda a akaidi a zandale, komanso malo kwa wozunzikirapo ndiponso kunyongedwa. Pali akhala kuzunzidwa kapena kuphedwa ndi nthumwi zabwino za anzeru Chiyukireniya - olemba, ojambula zithunzi, zisudzo, madokotala, maloya, asilikali. anthu onse amene adakhulupirira boma latsopano, osati kusinthitsa kwawo moyo mu ukapolo.

Owonongedwa ndi Kusangalala

Wachiwiri World nkhondo anawononga nyumba pansi. chitsitsimutso chake (mu zaka 1952-1958), gulu la mapulani kutsogoleredwa ndi Alekseya Zavarova anakhala kwenikweni wotchuka tsopano. Anagwira ntchito yomanga theka la anthu Kiev - ogwira ntchito, ophunzira, ophunzira sekondale, komanso chikhalidwe ndi luso. Kuyambira nthawi imeneyo, dzina lovomerezeka wa nyumbayi inali kutchulidwa monga October Palace. Kiev anatsegula zitseko za nyumba ya oonera woyamba December 24, 1957.

Pofika m'ma 1970, malo amenewa anali zochitika zazikulu za dziko. muholomo amatengedwa kuti anthu 2200. Panali zisudzo zofunika kwambiri, zoimbaimba, misonkhano ndi congresses ku Ukraine. Chaka chilichonse panali Khirisimasi phwando. Komanso, pamene nyumba yachifumu anatsegula zigawo zosiyana - chakale kuvina, wowerengeka kuvina, kuimba ndi wowerengeka nyimbo.

Center mayiko a Culture ndi Tirhana

nthawi yatsopano walowetsamo mu dera ndale ndiponso chikhalidwe cha magulu atsopano a dziko. mphepo amphamvu kusintha mu 1991 anapereka mamiliyoni Ukrainians chiyembekezo cha moyo watsopano. Kuti tiwonana zakalekale posachedwapa, ife Sinthani dzina m'mizinda yonse ndi prospectuses, bungwe ndi deralo. Mu phokoso ambiri a zaluso za mtunda Institutskaya Street anapezanso dzina chisanadze Soviet.

Palace nthawi yonseyi anakhalabe pakati weniweni wauzimu likulu Chiyukireniya. Choncho, laibulale wake monyadira gulu lapadera mabuku oposa 70 000 mabuku. Pali zosiyanasiyana zochitika ndi nawo odziwika olemba, analemba, oimira, andale, parliamentarians ndi mafanizo ena onse amene anathandizira chitsitsimutso wauzimu wa Ukraine. Bwino anayatsa ndi zipinda lalikulu, ndi modutsa ndi zonse zochitika zosiyanasiyana zisudzo. Mwayi Center osiyanasiyana kuchokera pamodzi ndi lalikulu padziko lonse misonkhano, symposia, misonkhano ndi congresses.

Kale m'zaka za m'ma XXI, nyumba yachifumu anakhala Center mayiko a Culture ndi Tirhana. Kupikisana ndi zikondwerero oyenelela pano ali atchuthi. makampani Professional ndi ankachita masewera zisudzo ndi zoimbaimba ensembles ochokera m'mayiko osiyanasiyana amaona kuti ndi mwayi waukulu kuti awonekere mbali yake.

Ndipo anthu kunja kwa chizolowezi, akulankhula za pakati, Adalankhula "October Palace" (Kyiv). adiresi mabungwe dziko posachedwapa mavuto. nyumbayi akadali lili wodzilamulira Square pa phiri mu nyumba nambala 1, koma msewu Akumwamba mazana.