Paleolit- ichi n'chiyani? Paleolithic

Paleolithic, Mesolithic, Neolithic - atatu aakulu chikhalidwe ndi mbiri yakale Stone Age. Iwo nalo dzina lake chifukwa chakuti zida m'masiku amenewo yokhayo ya mwala, ndipo okha kwa zaka za m'ma anayamba kugwiritsidwa ntchito fupa ndi matabwa. Stone Age inatenga zaka zoposa zikwi zana. Koma ngakhale tsopano, chifukwa ambiri mbiri yakale komanso ofukula zinthu zakale atulukira, tingaphunzire osachepera mfundo zazikulu za moyo wa anthu akale pa chiyambi cha chitukuko anthu.

ndi Paleolithic ndi chiyani?

Mbiri yakale wa anthu - ndi nthawi ya Paleolithic, nthawi yaitali kwambiri Age Stone, yomwe inayamba zaka zoposa okwana 2.5 miliyoni zapitazo. Mbali Aika - ndi zamoyo wa anthu kuchokera ku zinyama dongosolo wosazindikira limodzi. Nkofunika ndi watanthauzo maonekedwe ndi chitukuko kulankhula. The Paleolithic lagawidwa magawo atatu: oyambirira, pakati komanso mochedwa.

oyambirira Paleolithic

Iyi ndi nthawi yoyamba ndi motalikitsa siteji. Start Paleolithic kugwirizana ndi kukhazikitsa woyamba nyani munthu - archanthropines. Iwo alibe kukula mkulu (1.5 - 1.8 m) anali ndi khalidwe nsidze osiyana ndi zikuzimiririka pang'onopang'ono chibwano. Ngati zovala ntchito zikopa za nyama, ankakhala kuphanga ndi maganizo a asayansi ambiri mwachangu ankachita kudya. Mbali yaikulu ya oyambirira Paleolithic ndiko chiyambi cha ntchito zida kudzikonda anapanga mwala. Iwo zinalengedwa ndi kudula ku mwala umodzi kwa ena kuti onse owonjezera kupanga zotsogola kapena zisamayoyoke. Pang'onopang'ono zotsimikizira luso bwino ndipo panali tchizulo ndipo otchedwa kubowola - zipangizo zimene anakumba mizu kapena kudula mitengo. Kwina kwakukulu zamoyo zinachita sitepe oyambirira Paleolithic ndi ntchito moto. Kuda wakale hearths zaka pafupifupi 1.5 miliyoni. Zaka apezeka pa terrritorii Africa ndi Asia. Koma panthawi imeneyi ya munthu wakale akanangokhoza kusunga moto, chokha sanayambebe ncho.

Middle Palaeolithic

Pa nthawi imeneyo, maganizo ofala akadali Homo erectus ndi kusanduka ake akupitiriza. . Mu Africa, za 200-300 zikwi zapitazo, mtundu watsopano, ndilo buku ubongo anali wapafupi kwa munthu wamakono - ndi Neanderthal. Iwo anali odziwika ndi kukula apamwamba ndi amphamvu kwambiri akulu kukula kwa thupi, amene adandipatsa izo ndithu mphamvu. Middle Palaeolithic - izi ndi nyengo ya moyo, monga akalewa moyo, mwinamwake, mu ovuta kwambiri nyengo - mu Ice Age.

Zimenezi zinathandiza kuti apulumuke kuti anthu aphunzira kupeza moto awo, ndi kukhomerera. Iwo linatsegulidwa, zambiri mwa ngozi mu kupanga china zipangizo zakuthwa mwala. Pa nthawi yomweyo, pali mikondo woyamba ndi mipeni, arrowheads ndi scrapers kwa processing zikopa za nyama. Pulogalamu ya zinthu zokhudza anthu moyo gulu lalikulu, okalamba. Akutulukira luso mu mawonekedwe a zojambula phanga chosonyeza kusaka kapena zambiri akazi, sipangakhalenso ankamuona ngati zinthu matriarchal.

mochedwa Paleolithic

Izi ndi nyengo pamene panali munthu chokhala zamakono - Cro-Magnon, dzina polemekeza Cro-Magnon phanga, amene anapezeka mtembo wake. Cro-Magnon fenotayipi akufanana anthu amakono: mkulu pamphumi kutchulidwa chibwano, minofu ang'onoang'ono, galimoto chitukuko cha manja kunathandiza kuti apange zida zapamwamba kwa kusaka ndi tsiku ndi tsiku. Nkhani yaikulu akadali - mwala. Pa Upper Paleolithic, Mesolithic (Early) anaonekera semblance woyamba wa maboti. Izi anali yoyamba Mlengi loyamba Hiramu anatumiza kapena zipika ndodo youma. Zopangidwa ndi mafupa a singano, kholo la masiku ano, anagwiritsa ntchito zovala, mitanga walukidwa kuchokera msondodzi nthambi. Mwakhama anayamba wosazindikira luso: chithunzi cha tusks ndi mafupa a yaikuluyi, mphanga zojambula. Paleolithic kuti siteji mochedwa chinali chiyambi cha kuweta nyama zakutchire, woyamba, monga ife tikudziwira, agalu kukhala. Cro-Magnons nthawi anatsimikiza ndi kalendala ya dzuwa ndi mwezi. anthu wosazindikira pang'ono ndi pang'ono m'malo mwa matriarchal banja mdera. Ulimi wa kanjedza woyamba dongo amadziwika paleolith. The Neolithic ikusonyezedwa ndi maonekedwe a mbiya choyamba.

Mesolithic

lothandiza ichi chochokera mapeto a m'badwo wotsiriza ayezi. Chigawo chino asayansi ndi mbiri yakale ali ndi chikhalidwe zokayikitsa. Iwo anafotokoza kwambiri kwambiri kumpoto kwa masiku ano Europe. Nthawi imeneyi ukulimbiralimbirabe chida tiweramitse ndi muvi anaonekera. Anthu kuŵetedwa nyama zakuthengo, njati, akavalo, ndi ng'ombe. Society ikusintha ndipo pali malamulo loyamba la malamulo khalidwe. Mesolithic wofanana ndi pofuna kukwaniritsa mawu.

Neolithic

Ngati Paleolithic - m'nyengo yogwira kusaka, nsomba ndi kusonkhana, imodzi mwa nkhani zikuluzikulu za Neolithic - kusintha kwa chuma kubala: ulimi ndi ulimi nyama. Anthu akhala kwambiri Ufumuyo malo amodzi, iwo anayamba kuoneka nyumba choyamba, kwake ndipo ngakhale m'mizinda. Clay ankagwiritsa ntchito kupanga glassware ndi luso.

Neolithic komanso Paleolithic lagawidwa oyambirira, pakati ndi mochedwa nthawi. Ndipo aliyense wa iwo anapita omangidwa kapena nthawi chimodzi ndi chomwecho, chikhalidwe cha anthu osiyanasiyana kulowa lililonse gawo pa nthawi zosiyanasiyana. Ngakhale ndiye, chitukuko mkulu akhoza popitilira Mwachitsanzo, m'dera la China ano.

Paleolithic, Mesolithic, Neolithic - ndi wofunika kwambiri kusanduka anthu monga mtundu. Kwa zaka zikwi zambiri iye apambane m'makhalidwe malo ake pansi pano. Mmodzi mitundu m'malo mwa ena, zipangizo bwino, osiyanasiyana dongosolo la wawo amadalira kuweta, lomwe ndi khalidwe nyama, ku madera wosazindikira pathupi luso.