Kena kachipembedzo kotchedwa Freemasons ndi ndani?

Osati kale litali, anthu ambiri anazindikira kuti kuli gulu covert wa kena kachipembedzo kotchedwa Freemasons, ntchito m'zaka zoposa chimodzi. Kodi mgwirizano? Kena kachipembedzo kotchedwa Freemasons ndi ndani? ndi zolinga yesetsani kuchita? Mafunso pa nkhani imeneyi akhoza ambirimbiri. Timayesa kuyankha zofunika kwambiri a iwo.

Kodi Freemasonry?

Kupita kwa chikhalidwe chachipembedzo-zikuyenela, magwero England m'zaka za m'ma 18, ndipo kenaka linafalikira ku United States, India ndi ku Ulaya. Chiphunzitso ichi cha anthu ogwirizana mu fraternity mwa chikondi, mwagwirizana thandizo ndi ofanana. Akukhulupirira kuti Freemasonry - mphoto imeneyi, monga zimatanthauza anthu m'bungwe la anthu.

Mu 1717 ku England analenga "Grand Lodge" - chopunthira cha ubale. Kapoloyu amasamalira mabungwe onse a mtundu Masonic, m'mayiko osiyana. patapita zaka zingapo Dzheyms Anderson, mlaliki ku London, amalenga "Buku la Malamulo", kumasulira malamulo zikuluzikulu za makhalidwe kwa mamembala a bungwe. Malinga Mason ake sayenera kukhala osakhulupirira ndi freethinker, iye sankandilola nawo magulu andale. Iwo ayenera kuthandiza mokwanira boma panopa.

Kena kachipembedzo kotchedwa Freemasons ndi ndani?

Kugwirizana walandira kutchuka lonse mabwalo bourgeois, nthawi zambiri anthu ake anakhala aphunzitsi otchuka a nthawi. M'kupita kwa nthawi, Freemasonry anapeza khalidwe apamwamba, makamaka azimuth izi zimaoneka ku Ulaya. Kena kachipembedzo kotchedwa Freemasons ndi ndani? Awa ndi anthu amene amafuna kukula mwauzimu ndi makhalidwe kudziletsa kuwongolera mkati mwa chimango cha mfundo zina ndi zikhulupiriro.

Pa kagulu ka manambala kuti umunthu ngati wotchuka ngati Prussian Frederick II ndi III, Gustav mfumu Swedish III, British korona mitu. Pakati osema miyala ena mapulezidenti US (Washington, Truman neri Al.), Boma (Churchill), nzeru ena otchuka olemba ndi Oimba (Goethe, Haydn, Voltaire, Mozart).

ndi zolinga kuika patsogolo pa Order chiyani?

Cholinga chawo - kuchita zonse zotheka qualitatively bwino dziko.

Bungwe lokha zotsutsana ndi mpingo panopa. Iwo anafuna kuti akonze anthu chinsinsi anthu ake ndi ogwirizana ndi zilumikizano za fraternal achipembedzo, moyo ndi ntchito mogwirizana ndi zolinga ankafuna.

Order salowa m'malo chipembedzo, iye sanali kufalitsa ntchito zamulungu. Pamisonkhano chikhalidwe cha anthu koletsedwa zokambirana pa mitu achipembedzo. Ndi chikhulupiriro mwa Mulungu - maziko a mfundo zake komanso kuphunzitsa.

Activities ubale

Popeza anachitira ndi funso amene anthu osema miyala, osanenapo malangizo zikuluzikulu za ntchito zawo. Mamembala a anthu ndi kukhala wochitachita mu chikondi, iwo zikugwira zothandizira mipingo yawo, koma zilibe lengezani yokha.

wolowezana

Mamembala a bungwe amaphatikizidwa pa maziko dera lawo, n'kupanga bokosi laling'ono la anthu 40-50. Pakati pa iwo kuti abale mzake. Ine kuyitanitsa magulu onse pamodzi kupanga Grand Lodge. mutu wake ndi mutu wa mbuye wamkulu kapena grandmaster. Kawirikawiri pali Grand Lodge m'mayiko onsewa.

Mlingo wotsikitsitsa mu ufumu wolowezana wa Order - kamwana. Pamakhala kuphunzira ndi, kenako mbuye, ndipo potsiriza, mbuye kwambiri.

osema miyala Russian

The adayambitsa Order mu Russia amaonedwa kukhala mfumu ya Petulo ndi anzake. Mu makumi anai zaka za m'ma 18, General John Keith manyumba ogona angapo inakonzedwa, anthu oyambirira amene anali alendo. Koma posakhalitsa, chiwerengero cha bourgeoisie Russian, kuimira Order ya kena kachipembedzo kotchedwa Freemasons, chawonjezeka kwambiri.

Mu 1822, ndi lamulo la Alexander I manyumba ogona anatsekedwa. Kumayambiriro kayendedwe m'ma 20 osema miyala nakhalanso mu Russia, koma pansi pa dzina latsopano - "Grand Asia de France," ndipo anali ndi khalidwe kutchulidwa ndale. Popeza 1917 ndi mphanga ndi anaziletsa palimodzi.