Pamene panali magetsi: mbiri ya zochitika

Ndi anthu ochepa omwe amaganiza, pamene pali magetsi. Ndipo mbiri yake ndi yosangalatsa kwambiri. Magetsi amachititsa moyo kukhala womasuka. Chifukwa chake, TV, Internet ndi zinthu zina zambiri zinapezeka. Ndipo moyo wamakono wopanda magetsi sungathe kulingalira. Icho chinapititsa patsogolo kwambiri chitukuko cha anthu.

Mbiri ya magetsi

Ngati mutayamba kumvetsetsa magetsi, Ndiye muyenera kukumbukira filosofi wachigiriki Thales. Ndiye amene adayamba kufotokozera zodabwitsa izi mu 700 BC. E. Phales anapeza kuti pamene akuponya amber pa ubweya, mwalawo umayamba kukopa zinthu zowoneka zokha.

Kodi ndi chaka chanji magetsi anaonekera? Pambuyo pa filosofi yachigiriki, palibe amene adafufuzira zodabwitsa izi kwa nthawi yaitali. Ndipo chidziwitso mderali sichinawonjezeredwe mpaka 1600. Chaka chino, William Gilbert adatchula mawu akuti "magetsi" pofufuza magetsi ndi katundu wawo. Kuchokera nthawi imeneyo, chodabwitsa ichi chinayamba kufufuza kwambiri ndi asayansi.

Zoyamba zoyambira

Kodi magetsi anawoneka liti mu njira zamakono? Mu 1663, makina opangira makina opanga makina opangidwa ndi electromachine adalengedwa, omwe amatha kuwona zotsatira za kukhumudwa ndi kukopa. Mu 1729 wasayansi wa Chingerezi Stephen Gray anachita zoyesayesa zoyamba, pamene magetsi anafalitsidwa patali. Patapita zaka zinayi, wasayansi wina wa ku France S. Dufet adapeza kuti magetsi ali ndi mitundu iwiri ya ndalama: resin ndi galasi. Mu 1745 oyamba electro-condenser anaonekera - banki ya Leiden.

Mu 1747, Benjamin Franklin adapanga chiphunzitso choyamba kuti afotokoze chodabwitsa ichi. Ndipo mu 1785 lamulo la Coulomb linaonekera . Magetsi kwa nthawi yaitali anaphunzira Galvani ndi Volt. Msonkhano wina unalembedwa za zotsatira za zochitika izi mu minofu yosuntha ndipo chinthu cha galvanic chinapangidwa. Wasayansi wina wa ku Russia, V. Petrov, adasanduka wotsutsa.

Kuunikira

Kodi magetsi m'nyumba ndi nyumba zinkawoneka liti? Kwa ambiri, chodabwitsa ichi chikukhudzana makamaka ndi kuunika. Choncho, ziyenera kuganiziridwa pamene nju yoyamba ya kuwala itapangidwa. Izo zinachitika mu 1809. Woyambitsa anali Mngelezi Delaru. Patangopita kanthawi pang'ono, mababu owala, omwe anadzazidwa ndi mpweya wambiri. Iwo anapangidwa mu 1909.

Kuwoneka kwa magetsi ku Russia

Patangopita nthawi yochepa kuti mawu akuti "magetsi" athandizidwe anayamba kufufuzidwa m'mayiko ambiri. Chiyambi cha kusintha kungalingalire maonekedwe a kuunikira. Kodi ndi chaka chanji magetsi anaonekera ku Russia? Malinga ndi chiwonetsero cha anthu, tsiku lino ndi 1879. Panthawiyo kunali ku St. Petersburg kuti Liteiny Bridge idagwiritsidwa ntchito kwa nthawi yoyamba mothandizidwa ndi nyali.

Koma chaka chapitayi ku Kiev, m'sitolo ina ya sitima, magetsi anakhazikitsidwa. Choncho, tsiku limene magetsi akuyendera ku Russia ndi nkhani yotsutsana kwambiri. Koma popeza chochitika ichi chinasiyidwa mosasamala, tsiku lovomerezeka likhoza kuonedwa ngati kuyatsa kwa Bridgery Bridge.

Koma palinso njira ina pamene magetsi anaonekera ku Russia. Kuchokera palamulo, tsiku ili ndi la makumi atatu a January 1880. Patsiku lino mu Russian Technical Society anawonekera dipatimenti yoyamba yamagetsi. Ntchito zake zinali kuyang'anira kukhazikitsa magetsi tsiku ndi tsiku. Mu 1881 Tsarskoe Selo anakhala mzinda woyamba ku Ulaya, umene unayunikiridwa kwathunthu.

Tsiku lina lachidziwitso ndi la 15 la mwezi wa May 1883. Patsikuli, Kremlin inaunikira kwa nthawi yoyamba. Chochitikacho chinapangidwa nthawi kuti zigwirizane ndi kukalowa kwa Alexander III kumpando wa Russia. Kuunikira Kremlin pa kukweza kwa Sophia , magetsi amagwiritsa ntchito chomera chaching'ono. Zitatha izi, kuyatsa kunayamba kuonekera pamsewu waukulu wa St. Petersburg, ndiyeno ku Winter Palace.

M'chaka cha 1886, mwa lamulo la mfumu, Society of Electric Lighting inakhazikitsidwa. Anagwiritsa ntchito magetsi onse a St. Petersburg ndi Moscow. Ndipo mu 1888, zomera zoyamba zamphamvu mumzinda waukulu kwambiri zinayamba kumangidwa. M'chilimwe cha 1892 ku Russia, choyamba chinali electrotram. Ndipo mu 1895 ofesi yoyamba yowonongeka kwa madzi inayamba. Anamangidwa ku St. Petersburg, pamtsinje. Great Ohta.

Ndipo ku Moscow chomera choyamba chinayamba mu 1897. Chinamangidwa pa chombo cha Raushskaya. Mphamvu yamagetsi inapanga gawo la magawo atatu. Ndipo izi zinathandiza kuti magetsi apitirize kuthamanga mtunda wautali popanda kutaya mphamvu. M'mizinda ina ya ku Russia, zomera zinayamba kumangidwa kumayambiriro kwa zaka za makumi awiri, nkhondo yoyamba yapadziko lonse isanayambe.