Park "Sergievka" ku Peterhof: kufotokozera momwe mungapezere, ndemanga. Cholinga cha chikhalidwe cha chikhalidwe cha Russian Federation

Malo osungirako malowa sakuphatikizidwa mumayendedwe otchuka otchuka. Sichibweretsa alendo kudziko lonse lapansi kuti akondweretse akasupe ndi nyumba zachifumu. Pakiyi ili pafupi ndi nyumba yachifumu komanso malo otchuka ku Peterhof. Awa ndi Old Peterhof m'chigawo cha Petrodvorets, kumene amwenye ambiri a St. Petersburgers amabwera kudera lamapiri la paki, kuti akondwere kukongola kwake kodabwitsa.

Chinthu chapadera cha malo ano ndi minda yambiri, yomwe zikuwoneka kuti aliyense anaiwala, kusiya malo okongola kwambiri komanso nyumba zosiyana kwambiri ndi chifundo cha nthawi yowawa. Mwinamwake, ichi chinali chowonadi chomwe chinatembenuza Sergievka mu malo apadera.

Zakale za mbiriyakale

M'mbuyomu m'mbuyomo pamalopo munapanga nkhalango zakuda. Atagula munda mmenemo AI Rumyantsev - wojambula pagulu, wandale wa nthawi za Peter I, - anamanga nyumba pano, koma tsopano palibe chotsalira chake.

Polemekeza Sergei Rumyantsev, mdzukulu wa mwini woyamba wa mayiko ameneŵa, pakiyo inadziwika ndi dzina lake. Kenaka malowa adagulidwa ndi Cyril Naryshkin - munthu wotchuka ku khoti la mfumu, koma pafupi nthawi yomweyo atamwalira, gawolo adagulidwa ndi Nicholas I kwa mwana wake wamkazi ndi mwamuna wake Duke wa Leuchtenberg.

Awo atsopano adalamula wojambula mapulani Andrei Stakenschneider kupanga ndi kumanga nyumba yachifumu, nyumba za antchito, tchalitchi komanso kumasula minda m'munda wa "Sergievka" ku Peterhof.

Zaka makumi awiri zapitazo, pakiyo inalandira malo a chikumbutso chachilengedwe. Manor ndi nyumba zonse ndi madera omwe adayandikana nawo adasamutsidwa ku yunivesite ya Leningrad, yomwe ili lero. Mfundo iyi imatsimikiziridwa ndi piritsi pakhomo la nyumba yachifumu.

Panthawi ya nkhondo yaikulu ya dziko lachilengedwe, pakiyo inawonongeka kwambiri: pafupifupi nyumba zonse zidasokonezedwa pang'ono. Ndikumva chisoni kwambiri, iwo sanabwezeretsedwe ndipo sanabwezeretsedwe mpaka lero, ngakhale kuti restorers ayamba kale kugwira ntchito ku Old Peterhof.

Sergievka Park: ndondomeko

Paki yosungirako malo, yomwe inayambika kumapeto kwa zaka za m'ma 1900, ikuphatikiza mahekitala zana limodzi ndi makumi awiri. Anagonjetsedwa pamalo a nkhalango zam'mlengalenga ndipo lero adasungirako gawo loyambirira. Chilengedwe cha chilengedwechi chimayimilidwa ndi anthu osakhala ndi makhalidwe abwino komanso kumwera kwa taiga nkhalango, madambo, mathithi otsika ndi mabedi a bango.

Mbalame yam'mlengalenga ndi yakuda imapezeka kumpoto (kuchokera ku Gulf of Finland kupita ku Oranienbaum Highway), pakatikati - mitengo ndi maolivi. M'madera ena birches ndi spruce zimapezeka. Malo akuluakulu m'phikawa amakhala ndi nkhalango za birch ndi nkhalango za spruce.

Pakiyi ili ndi kukongola kwakukulu, chifukwa cha maiwe angapo opangidwa ndi madamu ndi mitsinje iwiri. Pamunsi mwawo mumadutsa mitsinje ya Gulf of Finland yomwe imadutsa milatho yambiri. Kuchokera mu 1920, pali ma laboratories a sayansi a St. Petersburg State University.

Pakiyi ndi yaing'ono. Makamaka tikachiyerekezera ndi nyumba yachifumu ndi paki ya Peterhof, Lower Park. Ngakhale izi, pali chinachake choti muwone.

Mnyumba ya Leuchtenberg

Imeneyi ndi nyumba yoyamba yomwe mudzawonane mukalowa mu paki. Icho chikuwoneka bwino kwambiri kuchokera ku basi yaima, kumene facade ya nyumbayi imatsogozedwa. Kuchokera apa tingathe kunena kuti anthu olemekezeka okhala m'nyumbayi adatsegula malingaliro ochititsa chidwi a Gulf of Finland.

Ntchito yomanga nyumbayi inakonzedwa ndi mkonzi Andrey Shtakenshneider, yemwe amadziwa bwino masitaelo ambiri komanso ntchito zawo bwino. Mwachitsanzo, m'makonzedwe okongola a nyumba yachifumuyi, iye adatha kupanga zolemba za Neo-Greek.

Zomangamanga za nyumba yachifumu zikufanana ndi kalembedwe ka nyumba yachikale yokhala ndi nyumba yokhala ndi makonzedwe okongola kwambiri chifukwa cha makompyuta, omwe amathandizidwa ndi nyumba zamasamba, malo ozungulira maulendo. Nyumba ya nsanjika ziwiri za nyumba yachifumu inamangidwa mu 1842 pochita masewero ochedwa lateicism. Zooneka ngati zovuta za dongosolo lake ndizobodza: zimaganiziridwa mosamalitsa kupyolera mwaling'ono kwambiri komanso mwadongosolo.

Pomaliza kumanga nyumba (1842) pafupi ndi nyumba yachifumu anamanga Kitchen ndi Hofmeystersky Corps. Lero, mwatsoka, iwo samawoneka okongola. Kukongoletsa kwa nyumbayi ndizojambula zojambulajambula za Pompeian. Pa zokongola za nyumba yachifumu ndi kukongoletsa kwake ambuye angapo anagwira ntchito: M. Andreev, I. I. Tabarin, I. Drolinger, S. Davydov. Mwatsoka, mipando yochokera kwa abale a Gambas yathawa mosakayikira.

Pa gawo la malowa pali nyumba zina, koma, monga nyumba yachifumu, lero zikhoza kuwonedwa kuchokera kunja. Awa ndi thupi la antchito, khitchini ndi zina, zimabalalika pafupifupi paki yonseyo. Zikuwoneka ngati zokongola monga nyumba yachifumu, yomwe ili ndi zigawo ziwiri zokha kubwezeretsa kutali - kumpoto ndi kum'maŵa, koma ntchito yobwezeretsa ikupitirira, ndipo ndikufunadi kukhulupirira kuti posachedwa nyumbayi idzayambiranso bwino.

Tsopano pomanga nyumba yachifumu ndi nyumba zina zapaki pali kachipatala cha St. Petersburg State University.

Mwala wamwala

Ngakhale kuti paki "Sergievka" ku St. Petersburg inalengedwa kuzungulira nyumbayo ndipo kwa nthawi yayitali idatchulidwa mu ulemu wake, chokopa chachikulu si nyumba. Khadi lochezera la paki ndi mutu waukulu wamwala, womwe umayang'ana alendo onse a nyumbayo kuchokera pansi.

Chithunzichi chimapangidwa ndi nthano zambiri, ndipo palibe amene anganene kuti ndi ndani komanso chifukwa chake anajambula paki. Uwu ndiwo ntchito ya mbuye wosadziwika, wojambula mu mwala waukulu wa granite. Chipilalacho chili pamtunda wa chigwa, pafupi ndi nyumba ya nyumba. Njira imachokera kunyumba ya mwini wake kupita ku famu.

Miyeso ya fanoli ndi 2х2,2х1,8 mamita. Chojambula ndi nkhope ya munthu, mwinamwake wankhondo. Kokha kumtunda kwa dziko lapansi kumawoneka pamwamba pa dziko lapansi. Maso a munthuyo amatseguka. Mbali ya kumanzere ya nkhope imangotchulidwa ndi mbuyeyo. Gawo la occipital la thanthwe silinapangidwe nkomwe.

Ambiri ofufuza amavomereza kuti chojambulachi chinapangidwa chakumapeto kwa zaka za zana la 18 ndi zoyambirira za m'ma 1900. Pali vesi, linalengedwa m'chifanizo cha Peter I, amene anathandiza banja la osema osadziwika. Ndipo mtundu wina wofanana ndi mfumu ukhoza kuwonedwa.

Malingana ndi vesi lina, uwu ndi mutu umene A. Pushkin analemba pa Ruslana ndi Lyudmila. Tiyenera kuvomereza kuti alendo ambiri amaoneka okongola kwa alendo ambiri. Lero, gawo la kujambula lidaikidwa m'manda ndipo ndi chimodzi mwa zinsinsi zazikulu za Peterhof. Kuti muwone, muyenera kupita kuzungulira nyumba yachifumu, pitani makwerero ndikuwoloka mtsinjewo. Kumeneku mudzapeza chilengedwe chodabwitsa.

Zinthu zina zamwala

Mabokosi ena ena akuluakulu ali pakiyi "Sergievka". Mwala wamwala ndi wotchuka kwambiri mwa iwo. Pakiyi muli mabenchi atatu, kudula ku miyala. Kumphepete mwa Gulf of Finland, pafupi ndi nyumba yomwe kale inamangidwa ndi makina okweza madzi, amene amakhulupirira kuti ndi Andrei Stakenschneider, ndi mwala wawukulu wokhala ndi masitepe odulidwa ndi mabowo anayi omwe anakonzedwa kuti akonze dongosolo.

Mavesi okhudza kusankhidwa kwake amasiyana - kuchokera pa siteji kapena poyambira ya masewera a chilimwe kupita ku doko, kapena mwinamwake mwalawo unali ngati nsanja yowonera.

Nyanja pa nyanja Zelenka

Simungakhale katswiri wodziwa mbiri ya Peterhof, kuti mumvetse chifukwa chake nyanjayi, yomwe ili pakiyi "Sergievka", ili ndi dzina lotero. Ndikwanira kuyang'ana: madzi ndi ofiira owala chifukwa cha kuya kozama ndi zomera zambiri zomwe zimawoneka pansi. Kuwonjezera apo, ili ndi mitengo, nthambi zake mumasika ndi chilimwe zimaphimbidwa ndi masamba a emerald, omwe amasonyezedwa m'madzi ndipo amapitanso patsogolo.

Kusambira kuno ndikokusangalatsanso katundu, ngakhale kuti kutentha kwa chilimwe alendo ena ovuta amayesa kuzizira ku Zelenka.

Mabwinja a Tchalitchi

Ngati, mutatha kulowa pakiyi, kudutsa pafupi mamita mazana awiri ndi makumi asanu pambali pa nyumba zothandizira, mungapeze zotsalira za makoma anayi a mpingo wakale, womwe unatsalira m'mayiko ovuta pambuyo pa nkhondo. Akatswiri a mbiri yakale ankaganiza kuti ndi tchalitchi cha Katolika, koma popeza kumanga kunali kutali kwambiri ndi Chikhristu chakumadzulo, Baibuloli linasiya mwamsanga.

Pambuyo pake, zinapezedwa umboni kuti tchalitchi chinali tchalitchi cha Orthodox: pa mbale imodzi panali mawu odulidwa mu Chisilavo cha Tchalitchi. Makamaka mabwinja amalingaliranso chifukwa n'zotheka kupanga zithunzi zabwino pakhomo: zojambulajambula zokongola m'mphepete mwake sizinasinthe.

"Mwini dacha"

Park "Sergievka" ndi madera akum'maŵa akumalire kumalo a malo "Own Dacha". Kawirikawiri maderawa amanenedwa kuti ndi ovuta, koma kwenikweni awa ndi awiri osiyana. Chokopa chachikulu cha malo ano ndi nyumba yachifumu, yomwe inamangidwa kumayambiriro kwa ulamuliro wa Princess Princess Elizaveta Petrovna.

Pambuyo pa zaka makumi asanu, iye anapatsidwa Tsarevich kwa Alexander Nikolaevich. M'masiku a Soviet, panali nyumba yosungiramo zinthu zakale. Ndipo lero izo zinayamba ntchito yowonzanso kwathunthu, momwe nyumbayi yakhala ikusowa nthawi yaitali. Koma ngakhale mu dziko lino zikuonekeratu kuti ichi ndi chimodzi mwa zomangamanga za St. Petersburg.

A Atlante pa mapewa awo amphamvu amakhala ndi chithunzi chojambulidwa, ndipo pazitsulo zapamwamba chipinda chapamwamba cha pansi pa malo apansi. Kuwonjezera pa nyumba yachifumu, minda yokongola inabzalidwa kudera la dacha la sevavi, njira zoyendayenda zozunguliridwa ndi miyala. Panalinso tchalitchi chaching'ono cha Utatu Woyera, chomwe kwa nthawi yaitali chinali muchisoni.

Tsopano kubwezeretsa kwake kuli pafupi kutha, kale kuli ndi misonkhano ndipo maholide a tchalitchi amachitikira.

Malo oyandikana nawo pafupi

Ngati mupita ku paki "Sergievka", musakhale aulesi kuyenda pang'ono pafupi. Pali malo ambiri okondweretsa omwe alendo sakudziwika.

Villa Benoit

Iyi ndi nyumba zovuta kwambiri yomwe ili pamtunda wa kilomita imodzi ndi theka kuchokera ku paki. Zonsezi zapangidwira muzithunzi za Russia, zomangirizidwa ndi zigawo za Northern Art Nouveau. Zotsalira za mudzi wa Bobylskaya, womwe umatchulidwa kuti ndi chikhalidwe cha Peterhof, wawonongedwa pamaso pathu.

Nyumba m'madera amenewa zinali zazikuru, koma ambiri mwa iwo anafera pamoto, ndipo zina zinawonongedwa panthawi ya nkhondo. Malo amenewa adalandira dzina, chifukwa Leonty Benois wamanga adapanga iwo kukhala mabanja olemera komanso otchuka m'nthawi yake. Nyumbazi zimaphatikizapo chikhalidwe chachisokonezo ndichisoni cha Old Peterhof.

Oranienbaum

Iyi ndi nyumba yachifumu, yomwe ili mumzinda wa Lomonosovo. Chiwerengero apa chakumverera mu chirichonse. Pomwepo panali Peter III, ngakhale asanalowe mpando wachifumu wa Russia. Catherine II adalengeza Oranienbaum malo a banja lachifumu. Ngakhale kuli kovuta kutcha gawoli kukhala ndi nyumba, chifukwa ndi malo enieni a mapiri (Lower ndi Kumtunda) okhala ndi nyumba zachifumu, zojambulajambula, nyumba za rococo.

Pano mungathe kuona Nyumba ya Chitchaina ndi Menshikov, nyumba zambiri za antchito, pavilions ndi nyumba zina, zomwe zikuwunikira nkhani zambiri zosangalatsa.

Kodi mungapite bwanji ku Paki ya St. Petersburg?

Ngati mutasankha kukachezera paki "Sergievka", mungayandikire bwanji, tidzakuuzani. Iko kuli m'chigawo cha Petrodvorets cha likulu la kumpoto, ndipo mukhoza kufika kumeneko ndi basi, minibus kapena galimoto.

Ndi basi

Muyenera kuchoka ku siteshoni ya metro "Avtovo" pa basi nambala 200 kuti Sergievka. Ulendowu udzatenga pafupifupi ola limodzi ndi hafu malingana ndi kutalika kwa magalimoto pamphepete mwa mzindawu.

Minibus

Kuchokera pa siteshoni ya metro "AvtoVO" mukhoza kupita ku Sergievka ndi basi basi № 401, К300. Kuchokera ku metro "Prospect Veterans" ku chipilalacho mudzatenga basi basi № K343.

Ndemanga za alendo

Ngakhale kuti Old Peterhof kwa nthawi yaitali sanaiwalidwe ndipo posachedwa pang'onopang'ono amabwerera kumoyo, Park "Sergievka" inayamba kuyendera magulu a alendo oyendayenda nthawi zambiri. Kufufuza za malo awa kuli kosagwirizana, koma anthu omwe amabwera kuno amadziwa mbiri yakale ya malowa, choncho sangayembekezere kuona pano zokongola ndi kukongola zofanana ndi zomwe mungathe kuziwona ku Petrodvorets, omwe nthawi zambiri amawayerekezera ndi Versailles.

Chokopa chachikulu cha pakiyi, malingana ndi ambiri apaulendo - ndi chilengedwe. Iye ndi wabwino basi. Mitengo ya mitengo yakale imadutsana ndi njira zokonzedwa bwino, mwadzidzidzi zimaoneka milatho yokongola, kuponyedwa pamtsinje waung'ono kapena pamtsinje, ndi mapiri ochokera ku mitengo ikuluikulu, yomwe ili pafupi ndi korona zawo zazikulu, zimapereka mtendere wamtendere ndi kusungulumwa. Izi ndizo zomwe zikusowa mu likulu la kumpoto. Mu pakiyi muyenera kupulumuka ku nkhalango ya miyala, ndikuyendayenda ndikupeza mpweya wabwino.

Pakiyi imakondweretsa ndi kugwirizana kopangidwe kwa chilengedwe ndi luso laumunthu. Lero ndi chinthu chamtengo wapatali cha Russian Federation, ndipo alendo ambiri amakhulupirira kwambiri kuti akuluakulu a boma adzapeza njira ndi mwayi wokonzanso choyimira chodabwitsa ichi.