Passiflora edible: Features ya kulima ndi zithunzi

Passionflower ndi passifloraceae banja ndi ntchito mitundu yoposa 500, mmodzi amene ali edible passionflower - yaitali yobiriwira mpesa ndi wokongola kwambiri mtundu wapachiyambi, mu Russian dzina lakuti "Cavaliers nyenyezi" chifukwa cha kufanana kunja ndi Order.

Mbiri ya anapeza duwa

Dziko mitundu kwambiri chilakolako zipatso - pang'ono kufufuza nkhalango zotentha za America South, ndi mitundu ina ya maluwa zimapezeka Asia ndi Madagascar. Europe anadziwa zomera pokhapokha kulanda Dziko Latsopano.

Flower passionflower ali kuipidwa ndi choyambirira kapangidwe - pamwamba pamakhala ndi "korona", wopangidwa mwa mamba yaitali, imene pali stamens lalikulu. Ngakhale apamwamba pistil manyazi ndi 3 (onani. The chithunzi Passiflora edible). Chifukwa izi maonekedwe a amishonale amene anabwera America, ndipo Mpingo wa Katolika unkaona duwa chisoti cha minga wa Khristu ndipo amaletsedwa kuliphunzira. Malongosoledwe loyamba Passiflora akhala akuchita mu zaka mazana makumi awiri.

mafotokozedwe kwachilengedwenso

zomera osatha akhoza kukula kwa mamita 3-4 m'litali, mumachitira mphukira yaitali kwambiri, ting'onoting'ono ta tigwiritsitse ntchito thandizo. Masamba lalikulu, wopangidwa mwa 3-5 lobes. Chipatso cha chilakolako zipatso ndi yowutsa mudyo Berry-seeded, mitundu yonse edible wa Passiflora ku 60, ambiri a iwo ngakhale wamkulu monga zomera zipatso.

Wotchuka kwambiri ndi otchuka edible mitundu chilakolako zipatso:

• Passionfruit.
• Granadilla.
• Maestro.
• Way neri Al.

Okhutira ndi kusamalira zomera

Edible passionflower (kapena chilakolako zipatso) amatanthauza mpesa kukula, sipangakhalenso anabzala mu nthaka lotseguka, ndi zikhalidwe za m'nyumba. Mkhalidwe waukulu kukula bwino - kuyatsa okwanira, choncho simungathe kukula mu mthunzi kapena pansi denga mtengo katundu.

Akadakwanitsira kutentha kwa kukula: 18 ... + 24 C, pa masamba apamwamba anayamba kutembenukira chikasu ndi kufota, amachepetsa chiwerengero cha masamba, kufa kwa mbewu. M'nyengo yozizira matalala nthawi, izo anakhalabe pa +12 ... + 18? C.

Nthaka ntchito Passiflora opepuka, breathable bwino, chomwe ndi anawonjezera mchenga kapena peat.

Flower amafuna pafupipafupi kuthirira pa kukula ndi maluwa (ku kasupe azivutika mochedwa), nthaka inayenera kukhala pang'ono lonyowa mu chirimwe madzi tsiku lililonse.
M'nyengo yozizira matalala nthawi kuthirira zachitika kamodzi pa sabata kapena ngakhale kwambiri. Chilakolako wovuta pa chinyezi mpweya m'chilimwe ayenera Nthawi zambiri sprayed, motero n'kosatheka kuti kunyezimira kwa dzuwa kupyolera madontho akuchiotchacho masamba.

Feteleza zomera akuchita kawiri pa mwezi, ntchito zovuta osakaniza mchere. Mukhoza kugwiritsa ntchito feteleza madzi maluwa, koma kuchepetsedwa mu theka.

Chilakolako sangakhoze kulekerera drafts, koma amakonda asamafalitse pafupipafupi. Pamene chodzala ayenera kuganizira pamaso pa m'derali limene mpesa kukula. chomera ayenera kawirikawiri kudula, makamaka maluwa mphukira, amene akuphedwa kwathunthu. Spring pangani kumathandiza kuti zinthu zikhale 1/3 kutalika T. Kwa. Maluwa adzaikidwa yekha pa mphukira zatsopano.

Kubalana chilakolako cuttings zipatso

Edible passionflower akhoza zimafalitsidwa mu njira zingapo, chophweka amene - mothandizidwa ndi kumezetsanitsa. cuttings apical ndi impso chilimwe odulidwa ndi kutalika 10 cm, ndiyeno mizu m'nthaka chipinda ofunda (20 + ... + 25? C). Pakuti yokonza kusakaniza dothi kutenga ankafika nthaka pepala gawo 3, 2 - manyowa, zimene 2 - kuwaika, 1 - mchenga.

Atangotsala pang'ono kubzala ankachitira kornevinom, ndiye mphika ali ndi cuttings filimu kwa mwezi 1, cuttings chinayambira. Cuttings akhoza kuika mu madzi, kuwonjezera chidutswa cha makala miyezi 1.5-2. mizu ayenera kuonekera, koma madzi sizingasinthidwe.

Pa nyengo kukula, mukhoza kuchita chulutsa masharubu.

mbewu kubalana passionflower

Wofalitsa ntchito mbewu - njira yaitali kuposa ndi cuttings. Komanso, nthawi zambiri nyemba zimere bwino chifukwa cha yosungirako yaitali (nthawi zina miyezi ingapo). Njira imeneyi muyenera kutsatira malamulo ena:

• kulima chilakolako zipatso mbewu edible kumayambira February;
• potting nthaka pamaso kubzala ayenera kupopera mankhwala: mwachangu mu uvuni kwa mphindi 10. pa 200 C;
• mbewu yofesedwa pa nthaka akuya 1 cm. chidebe Kenako yokutidwa ndi kanema kapena galasi, mu firiji ayenera 22 + ... + 24 C. Pamene masamba adzawonekera kupanga Sankhapo mu miphika munthu ndi m'mimba mwake wamkulu kuposa masentimita 7;
• Passiflora mbewu edible ndi chipolopolo yovuta, chomwechonso pansi izo zikupanga scarification - pang'ono opaka iwo ndi sandpaper mbali zonse;
• ndiye anali mbewu tsiku mkaka kapena madzi njira ya zipatso (mandimu kapena lalanje);
• ndiye okha anabzala mu chidebe kapena peat makapu;
• zosowa za tsiku ndi tsiku kuti ventilate chidebe imene filimu atachotsedwa 5 min.
• wothira nthaka monga kuyanika mwa kupopera;
• atangomva mphukira, filimuyi chikutha ndipo chidebe ayenera anasamukira ku malo ndi kuyatsa bwino.

Kubzala ndi maluwa passionflower

Zomera ndi osatha, izo kupatsa kuchita kamodzi pa chaka pa nthawi masika. Pamene chodzala mbewu ang'ono mu chaka choyamba ayenera yokutidwa kwa masabata 2 galasi mtsuko. M'chaka choyamba izo Anakhalanso maziko mipesa passionflower m'tsogolo, kuwonjezera mphukira chachikulu, ambiri mpaka 1.5 m. Mu nkhani iyi, kwenikweni akusowa thandizo kuti apeze kufalikira.

Yophukira pamene yozizira kumayamba pansipa 15? C, zomera ayenera kubweretsedwa ku malo kumene kuli kukhalabe kutentha +13 ... + 16? C. Ngati chipinda otentha, mpesa ayamba kupita dazi ndi kutaya masamba.

Pakuti chaka chachiwiri m'chaka ayenera kupanga kudulira mphukira yaitali gawo limodzi chaka chatha kutalika, anapatsidwa kuti maluwa adzatenga mawonekedwe pa mphukira zatsopano. Passionflower limamasula pafupifupi onse chilimwe nyengo kuchokera June kuti October, koma miyoyo maluwa 1 kokha tsiku.

Kukula zipatso zinthu chipinda ndi zovuta. Ndi chimodzi, muyenera kukhala osachepera 2 a mtundu umodzi, ndiye. Kwa. Iwo mtanda mungu. Chifukwa maluwa osiyanasiyana mu izi zomera, kubereketsa zomera zingachitike. Zipatso za mitundu yosiyanasiyana mbewu zambiri okhwima mu miyezi 2-3.5.

Taganizirani mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya passionflower edible.

mitundu ya passionflower

Chilakolako zipatso ndi edible passionflower kapena Granadilla (Passiflora edulis) - mawonekedwe ambiri, ndi kunyumba kwa Uruguay, Brazil, Argentina. M'chikhalidwe limakula ndi mamita 5-8, ali matte atatu-lobed masamba. Pali mitundu iwiri ya izo: a zipatso zachikasu ndi violet. Maluwa lalikulu kwambiri (6-8 cm) wa kuwala-wofiirira, ndi zipatso ndi kuzungulira mpaka masentimita 6. Kuchokera kukonzekera zakumwa ndi maswiti, anawonjezera kuti tiyi.

Passionflower nthochi kapena wachifundo (Passiflora mollissima) - m'chilengedwe umakhala Bolivia, Colombia ndi Venezuela. Pinki maluwa mpaka masentimita 12, zipatso zimatulutsa ndi fungo lokoma. A mitundu yonse ya nthochi passionflower kwambiri ozizira zosagwira, iwo umabala zipatso mu chaka choyamba.

Chilakolako edible Way - ndi osatha kukwera chomera, mpesa kukula kwa 4.5 mamita m'litali, maluwa kukula kwa 12 masentimita woyera ndi pinki. Zipatso wooneka wofiira, ndi fungo lokoma.

Kukula yaikulu ya zipatso ndi mapulaniwo kutalika - masautso tetrahedral (Passiflora quadrangularis) - akula 15 mamita m'litali, maluwa komanso lalikulu, diameters kwa masentimita 15, zipatso lalikulu chowulungika kuti 30 cm ndi peel wandiweyani, ndipo mkati - lokoma yowutsa mudyo zamkati . M'dera la pakati ngati chomera akhoza kukhala wamkulu yekha zinthu kutentha.

Passiflora edible Maestro - mmodzi wa otchuka kwambiri ntchito mitundu Russian, umene wakhala bwinobwino ntchito ndi wamaluwa kukula m'nyumba ndi panja.

Apulo-masautso maluwa (Passiflora maliformis) kapena Passiflora Maliformis -. Climber ndi mtengo tsinde kutalika 10 mamita zipatso zake ndi kukula kwa masentimita 5, muli onunkhira wokoma thupi imvi woongoka lalanje mtundu ndi mbewu wakuda. The zamkati ntchito kupanga zakumwa. Tikufika a mitundu chakula Brazil ndi Ecuador zipatso edible.

Matenda ndi tizilombo toononga passionflower

Passiflora edible akhoza kudwala kuukira kwa kangaude nthata, nsabwe, mealybugs ndi whiteflies. Kodi angatetezere zomera ntchito "fitoverm" kapena "Akhtar" kuwononga mealybugs ntchito yokonzekera munali cypermethrin ( "Arriva", "Intal naye").

matenda opatsirana kuti ungathe kusokoneza mbewu - muzu zowola, choipitsa mochedwa, mphete ndi zofiirira banga, nkhanambo, choipitsa, kawirikawiri - chikasu zithunzi HIV. Chiritsani zagwidwa matenda kawirikawiri ntchito, kotero ayenera adzawonongedwa limodzi ndi mphika.

Mankhwala katundu chilakolako zipatso

Mitundu ina passionflower ndipo ndi zofunika achire phindu. Ainka wakale ntchito passionflower monga tiyi sedative. Waukulu umathandizanso zotsatira Passiflora - ndi sedative, kusintha khalidwe ndi nthawi ya kugona popanda chilichonse choopsa. Zomera amagwiritsidwa ntchito pofuna kuchiza matenda mantha dongosolo, zimathandiza ndi tulo, maganizo, khunyu, ndipo ena.

Komanso, mankhwala opangidwa kuchokera ku zomera ali antispasmodic, odana ndi yotupa, anticonvulsant ndi zotsatira analgesic, bwino kukumbukira, Kuonjezera cangu ndi potency. Wina zotsatira wapadera Passiflora - chipukuta misozi ntchito ya amphetamine - kuligwiritsa ntchito kwambiri kuchiza kumwa mankhwala osokoneza bongo ndi uchidakwa.

The lofunika kwambiri mawu a mtundu mankhwala - inkarnata Passionflower (Passiflora incarnata), kapena apurikoti, umasanduka mpesa yaitali mpaka mamita 10 maluwa owala wofiirira ndi zipatso ndi mandimu mthunzi kukula kwa maula ndi, kulawa lokoma ndi wowawasa .. Ground mbali zimene zimapangidwa mankhwala "passionflower Tingafinye", wakhala kuletsa zotsatira anasonyeza matenda a dongosolo mantha ndi mtima. zipatso ndi fungo chidwi kwambiri ngati kununkhira kwa lilacs.

Kugwiritsa kumulakalaka chakudya

Mu dziko lathu zipatso za edible chilakolako zipatso (chilakolako zipatso ndi mitundu ina) likhoza kupezeka ku zowonjezera kwa yogurt, ayisikilimu kapena madzi. chosowa kwambiri chipatso zingapezeke zosakaniza teas otentha.

The zamkati wa zipatso zokoma lokoma, kunyumba ndi ntchito mu mawonekedwe yosakongola, kusakaniza ndi shuga ndi madzi ndi ntchito yokonza sachedwa chifukwa, jellies ndi sherbets. Nthawi zambiri zidutswa za zipatso anawonjezera kuti ndiwo zochuluka mchere ndi curd ndi chofufumitsa.

madzi wokoma ndi kupanikizana angagwiritsidwe ntchito pokonza nyama ndi nsomba mbale, ndi bwino kulawa chipatso pamodzi ndi mtedza, maapulo, sinamoni ndi peyala.

Koma tiyenera kusamala kusamala, kuyambira ku mitundu ina (mwachitsanzo, Azure passionflower) lili ndi chiwerengero chochepa cha cyanide zina - .. zinthu Chochepa Mphamvu poizoni zovulaza thanzi la munthu.