Phenol Kukonzekera: The njira yaikulu

Phenol ndi colorless olimba galasi kapangidwe ndi fungo kwenikweni. mankhwala chimagwiritsidwa ntchito kupanga utoto zosiyanasiyana, mapulasitiki ndi ulusi osiyanasiyana kupanga (makamaka nayiloni). Patsogolo chitukuko cha mafakitale petrochemical kupanga phenol zinachitikadi yekha ku khala phula. Kumene, njira imeneyi sanathe kuphimba zofuna zonse za makampani amphamvu mu phenol, lomwe tsopano kukhala yofunika zikuluzikulu za pafupifupi onse zinthu otizungulira.

Phenol, yokonza amene wakhala kufunikira chifukwa cha kubwera kwa zosiyanasiyana kwambiri zipangizo zatsopano ndi zinthu n'chofunika umene ntchito mu kaphatikizidwe utomoni phenol-formaldehyde. Ndipo iye nayenso, ndi yofunika zikuluzikulu za phenolics. Komanso, wambirimbiri phenol ndi n'kukhala cyclohexanol chofunika yopangira ulusi kupanga mu mlingo mafakitale.

Mbali ina yofunika ya ntchito phenol pa akhoza olekanitsidwa kupanga cresol kusakaniza umene apanga kreozolformadelgidnuyu utomoni ntchito popanga ndi kuchuluka kwa mankhwala, antiseptics ndi antioxidants. Choncho, kupeza phenol lero lalikulu zedi ndi ntchito yofunika kwambiri ya petrochemicals. Kale kwambiri njira kubala mankhwala zedi okwanira. Tiyeni tikambirane akuluakulu.

The njira wamkulu ndi chotsimikiziridwa ndi njira kusungunuka ndi soda, amene amakhala ndi mowa mkulu wa asidi sulfuric kwa sulfonation wa benzene ndi caustic akutsatiridwa ndi kusakaniza iwo benzolsulfonatrievuyu mchere, kumene thunthu mwachindunji ndi waima. The yokonza phenol ndi chlorination wa benzene, kenako chlorobenzene saponification ndi hydroxide ndi sodium phindu okha mwambo lalikulu zedi mphamvu wotchipa chofunika kwa kupanga chlorine ndi caustic. The kuipa waukulu njira imeneyi - kufunika kulenga kuthamanga (osati atmospheres osachepera mazana atatu) ndi digiri ndithu kwambiri dzimbiri ya zida.

A njira ano kupereka phenol ndi kuwonongeka kwa cumene hydroperoxide. Komabe, Kugawilidwa kwanthaka chiwembu cha pawiri anakhumba ndi zovuta kwambiri chifukwa imafuna chisanadze yopanga hydroperoxide alkylation ndondomeko ya benzene propylene njira. Komanso, luso amapereka makutidwe ndi okosijeni wa chifukwa osakaniza isopropyl mpweya kupanga hydroperoxide. Monga chinthu zabwino njira imeneyi Tingaone limodzi ndi yokonza phenol nkhani ina yofunika - acetone.

Palinso njira kulekanitsa phenol ku coking ndi carbonization utomoni zipangizo olimba mafuta. njirayi n'kofunika osati kubala phenol wapatali, komanso kusintha amasokoneza zosiyanasiyana hydrocarbon. Mmodzi wa katundu wa phenol ndi makutidwe ndi okosijeni kudya, imbaenda kukalamba inapita patsogolo ndi mapangidwe mafuta m'menemo viscous tuzigawo twa phula ngati.

Koma ambiri masiku ano buku njira kukwaniritsa makampani petrochemical ndi kupeza phenol ku benzene ndi makutidwe ndi okosijeni mwachindunji zake okusayidi nitrous. Ntchito yonse imagwiridwa mu wapadera adiabatic riyakitala, mmene chothandizira ndi zeolite. Koyamba nitrous oxide opangidwa ndi makutidwe ndi okosijeni wa amoniya ndi mpweya kapena kudzipatula asidi adipic. More ndendende, katundu wake mbali inakhazikitsidwa m'zaka kaphatikizidwe. Njira imeneyi amatha kupeza phenol kwambiri wangwiro ndi osachepera okwana zili zosafunika.