Kutyakov Ivan Semenovich: biography ndi moyo waumwini

Ivan Semyonovich Kutyakov adadzitamandira chifukwa cha ntchito yake yowathandiza pa nkhondo pazolinga zapachiweniweni. Nthawi ina pansi pa lamulo lake anali 25 Infantry Division. Ivan Semenovich anapita ku gulu la asilikali mwamsanga atangomwalira ndi mtsogoleri wake wakale V. I. Chapaev. Kuwonjezera apo, Kutyakov Ivan Semenovich, moyo waumwini, biography, omwe machitidwe ake adakambidwapo, anali nawo nawo nkhondo yoyamba yapadziko lonse.

Zithunzi: chiyambi

Ivan Semenovich anayenera kubadwa mu January 1897 m'banja losauka, mumudzi wawung'ono wa Shalashi m'chigawo cha Samara. Tsopano ndi mudzi wa Krasnaya Rechka m'chigawo cha Pugachevsky cha dera la Saratov. M'banja la antchito akumidzi munali ana 13. Makolo a Ivan ankagwira ntchito kwa eni nyumba, munda wao, omwe akanatha kupulumuka banja lonse lalikulu, iwo analibe. Pambuyo pake, adatha kugula ng'ombe ndi nyumba yaing'ono. Koma panthawi imeneyo m'banja munali ana atatu okha, omwe Ivan anali wamkulu.

Pakafika zaka zisanu ndi ziwiri, msilikali wamtundu wa Red Army adayikidwa ndi makolo ake kwa munthu wakhunguyo monga wotsogolera. Malipiro ake tsiku lililonse anali masentimita 7. Ntchito yake inapitirizabe kugwira ntchito mwakhama. Posakhalitsa anasamukira kwa wothandizira kwa mbusa wa m'deralo ndipo anagwira ntchito mpaka atakwanitsa zaka 13. M'nyengo yozizira, Ivan Kutyakov anaphunzira pa tchalitchi cha tchalitchi, chomwe anamaliza maphunziro ake ndi tsamba lake lachikumbutso. Yokhayokha m'kalasi yake. Mphoto ya maphunziro ake opambana sikuti inali tsamba lokhalitsa, komanso buku - chinthu chosowa m'nyumba ya anthu osauka. Ali ndi zaka 17, anyamata a Ivan Semenovich anayamba kudya mahatchi akumidzi.

Moyo waumwini wa Ivan Semenovich

Ivan anakwanitsa kukwatirana asanalowe usilikali mu 1916. Mwamwayi, mkazi wake woyamba alibe pafupifupi deta iliyonse. Zimadziwika kuti iye (dzina lake, mwatsoka, sanakhalepo) anali mbadwa mumudzi womwewo monga mwamuna wake. Chaka chotsatira pambuyo pa banja lawo, mwana wa Vladimir anabadwa, anabatizidwa monga Theodosius. Pa kubadwa kwa mwana wake, Ivan Semenovich Kutyakov anaphunzira ali m'gulu la asilikali. Mkazi wake woyamba anamwalira posachedwa ndi typhus yomwe inali ikuwopsya ndiye.

Zaka zingapo pambuyo pake, pa mizati yamoto mumzinda wa Ural, Ivan Semyonovich Kutyakov, yemwe banja lake linali lochepa kwambiri, anakumana ndi mkazi wake wachiwiri wamtsogolo. Dzina lake ndi Claudia Timofeevna, ku nee nee Dodonova. Pambuyo pake anakhala mosangalala pambuyo pake, mwana Vladimir adamutcha mkazi wachiwiri wa mayi wake ndipo amamulemekeza ngati ake.

Kutyakov Ivan Semenovich: mabuku

Popeza Ivan Semenovich anali munthu wowerenga bwino kwambiri ndipo sanasokoneze maphunziro ake, kenaka maphunziro anamulola kulemba ntchito zingapo. Kwa zambiri, mabuku akumbukira VI Chapaev: "Chapaev's Battle Road", "Vasily Ivan Chapayev", "Ndi Chapaev pa Ural Steppes". Komanso "Njira ya Ural White Cossack Army", "Ophika apakavalo ndi okwera ndege m'zipululu. 1924 ". Zonse za ntchito zisanu ndi zitatu, zina mwa izo zinasindikizidwa.

Kutyakov Ivan Semenovich: "Ku Kiev Cannes"

Ndi mabuku omwe adalemba a Ivan Kutyakov panalibe mavuto. Chokhacho chinali buku lakuti "The Kiev Cannes. 1920 ". Ili ndi ntchito yolembedwa pamanja pazochitika zankhondo za Soviet-Polish m'chaka cha 20 cha zaka zapitazo. Mmenemo munali malingaliro aumwini ndi zolemba za wolemba. Mofanana ndi ena ambiri omwe akuchita nawo nkhondo, Ivan Semenovich adanenanso zomwe zikuchitika m'dzikoli. Komabe, bukhuli linayambitsa malingaliro ndi zolakwa zambiri kuchokera kwa olamulira akuluakulu ndi ambiri a ogwira nawo ntchito. Chifukwa cha kutsutsidwa pagulu, bukuli linatulutsidwa kamodzi kokha ndipo silinatengedwenso.

Buku lakuti "Kiev Cannes. 1920 "anatchedwa Kutyakov yekha. Chowonadi ndi chakuti mu ntchito yake Ivan Semenovich ankalankhula zambiri ndi zamatsenga ponena za bungwe la asilikali a Belopolsk, zida zawo. Pa nthawi yomweyi, adatsutsa zomwe akuluakulu ake adachita. Makamaka m'bukuli ntchito ya alonda oyambirira a mahatchi ndi magulu akuluakulu a magulu ankhondo ankanenedwa mopanda pake. Malinga ndi apamwamba akuluakulu a usilikali, bukuli linali lopambana kwambiri. Komanso, pamene bukuli linawerengedwa ndi Budyonny, adakwiya kwambiri ndi zomwe analembazo. Zifukwa zinanso zinali zoyankhidwa kale ndi antchito a chipani, ndi zomwe adziwona. Iye anatsutsa kuti bukuli silikuwonetsa paziganizo zonse zowonongeka za kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka usilikali. Budyonny adati nkhaniyi sayenera kuloledwa kusindikiza, kuti musanyoze achinyamata ndi mawu awa. Ndiponsotu, ngati mbadwo wodziwa bwino sungakhale wovuta ndi maganizo olembedwa m'bukuli, ndiye achinyamata amaphunzira chirichonse chimene amawona kapena kumva.

Tsogolo la bukuli ndi oyamikira

Pambuyo pake, pamene Stalin akukambirana pa nkhaniyi, kutsetsereka kwa "Kiev Cannes" kunayambitsa mavuto a Ivan Kutyakov. Anatsutsidwa ndi "machimo onse ochimwa," ndipo bukuli linali udzu wotsiriza. Komanso, onse omwe adagwira nawo ntchito yosindikizira ntchito yake, komanso kuwerenga, sanafotokoze maganizo omwe anafotokozedwa mmenemo, anagawira zomwe Ivan Semenovich adakwaniritsa. Anthu ambiri adanyozedwa ndipo adaphedwa.

Martyrology

Zonsezi zitachitika, mungathe kunena kuti Kutyakov Ivan Semenovich ndi katswiri wa chikhulupiriro pa nthawi yake. Mawu akuti "kufera chikhulupiriro" amatembenuzidwa ku Chilatini ngati "mawu onena za ofera". Mwachidule, amatanthauzira mndandanda wa ozunzidwa ndi nkhondo, ofera a chikhalidwe cha anthu ndi zachiwawa. M'mabuku ake amauza choonadi chosadziwika chomwe chachitika kwa iye ndi anzake. Mu chinachake ngakhale molunjika kwambiri. Makamaka mu "Kiev Cannes", yomwe tatchulidwa pamwambapa.

Ntchito ya asilikali

Utumiki wa usilikali wa anyamata Ivan unayamba ali ndi zaka 19, ndi kuyitana kwake. Anatumizidwa ku Astrakhan kuti akaphunzitsidwe mu gulu lachinyamata. Ataphunzira, anapita ku mzinda wa Tsaritsyn mu udindo wa msilikali (osatumizidwa kale). Choncho, monga wapolisi, adayikidwa pa udindo wa dipatimenti yonseyi. Panthawiyi, nkhondo yoyamba yapadziko lonse inayamba. Pa izo Ivan Kutyakov adasunthira omvera ake ku Romania patsogolo.

Mu 1917 kusintha, Ivan Semyonovich Kutyakov, yemwe chithunzi chake mukuchiwona m'nkhaniyi, anakhala Bolshevik. Pambuyo pa kugawidwa kwa nkhondo kwachangu Ivan Semenovich adatha kubwerera kumudzi kwawo. Panthawiyi mumzinda wa Shalashi (Krasnaya Rechka) mtsogoleri wa aboma ndi boma lonse la asilikali anali VI Chapaev. Iye, Ivan Semenovich anapanga ubale wabwino kwambiri. Chaka chotsatira (1918) Chapaev anatsogolera gulu lachinyumba, kumene Kutyakov angalowe mosavuta. Anasankhidwa kukhala mtsogoleri wa miyendo, chifukwa anali wabwino.

Pambuyo pa imfa ya Chapaev, Ivan Semenovich anasankhidwa kukhala mkulu wa 25th Infantry Division, yomwe poyamba inali ku Samara ndipo idatchedwa Zakharov Samara Division. Pambuyo pake, ntchito ya nkhondo ya Kutyakov siidatha, ndipo kwa zaka zingapo iye anali woyang'anira magawano osiyanasiyana. Zikudziwika kuti ku Moscow zaka zochepa kuti Ivan Semenovich aphedwe kenanso, ndipo kuchokera kwa mwana wamwamuna wa Alexander uja anabadwa, koma ukwatiwo unasokonezeka mwamsanga. Komabe, anthu ambiri amakayikira mfundoyi.

Mphoto ndi malo okumbutsa a Ivan Semenovich

Panthawi ina, Ivan Semenovich Kutyakov, yemwe ali ndi zochitika zochititsa chidwi, analandira mphoto zambiri. Choncho, kuyambira nthawi ya 1919 mpaka 1924 adapatsidwa mphoto katatu ku Order of Red Banner ya RSFSR. Pakatikati pa zaka zomwe adapatsidwa chigonjetso cha Honorary Revolutionary Army, komanso Order of Red Banner ya Republic of Khorezm. Za mphoto Kutyakov imapezeka mndandanda wa Knights of the Order of the Red Banner.

Ivan Semyonovich Kutyakov adapambana mphoto yapadera m'madera monga Pugachev, Saratov, Samara, Balakovo. M'malo awa, misewu imatchulidwa pambuyo pake. Ndipo pulofesa wa mafilimu wotchedwa Kuibyshevsky anajambula filimu yopanga filimu "Analengeza mdani wa anthu." Mzinda wake wa Krasnaya Rechka (Shalashi) pali chithunzithunzi chopangidwa ndi zithunzi komanso museum wa sukulu woperekedwa ku moyo ndi ntchito ya apolisi a Red Army.

Mwana wa Vladimir

Atafika nthawi yaitali, Ivan anabwerera kumudzi kwawo, kumene anali ndi achibale ake: abale, makolo ndi mwana wake Vladimir. Panthawi imeneyo, adatenga naye, ndipo pambuyo pake, banja lachiwiri litatha, adapanga banja lenileni. Pambuyo pa 1937 Kutyakov anamangidwa, mwanayo sanamusiye. Pachifukwa ichi adathamangitsidwa ku sukulu ya kumadzi, yomwe ili ku St. Petersburg (panthawiyo - ku Leningrad).

Time kudutsa, zochitika anasintha, kumene Kutyakov Vladimir anayenda. Iye anali pa nkhondo, iye ankagwira ntchito zomangamanga. Iye anali ndi banja labwino ndi lamphamvu. Anamaliza moyo wake ku Samara. Pambuyo pake, zovuta za banja lake ndi mudzi wa Krasnaya Rechka zinathetsedwa ndipo adakali osadziwika. Kumene komanso momwe mbadwa zodziwikiratu za mwana wamwamuna wotchuka wotchedwa Red Army tsopano akukhala, ndizodziwikiratu.

Makhalidwe a Ivan Semenovich, malinga ndi anthu amasiku ano

Kuchokera pamaganizo a anthu a Kutyakov, anali munthu wosadzichepetsa, komanso malamulo okhwima, makamaka payekha. Ndipo izi sizosadabwitsa, popeza kuti Ivan Semenovich anayamba ntchito yake ya usilikali pamene anali asanakwanitse zaka 20. Anzathu ndi abwenzi adanena kuti Kutyakov anali munthu wodzichepetsa komanso woona mtima. Ndipo adalimbana ndi VI Chapaev. Wolemekezeka ndi chikondi chake chopanda kukayikira cha manja ndi nthawi ya Petro. Ankadziwa zambiri za Petro I ndipo nthawi zonse ankayesera kufotokoza maganizo ake.

Monga momwe mawonetsero a abwenzi ake amachitira, Ivan Semenovich ankachita manyazi ndi maphunziro ake apang'ono, kotero anaphunzira zambiri komanso moyenerera. Ndinayesera kuphimba chirichonse chomwe chingafukidwe: mabuku, opera, ballet, museums, ndi mwayi wapita kukangana ndi kukambirana. Sanagwiritse ntchito udindo wake komanso sanalimbikitse achibale ake ndi anzake mu utumiki, sanakonzekere ntchito. Komabe, nthawi zonse ankakonda kuchereza alendo. Atafika kudzamuona ku Moscow, nthawi zonse ankalonjera, anaika m'nyumba yake, ndipo ankawonekera. Komanso, sanaiwale mizu yake ndipo nthawi zambiri ankachezera achibale ake mumudzi wa Shalashi. Polankhulana naye, anthu amtundu wina ankanena kuti anali wosavuta, kulankhula.

Imfa ya Ivan Semyonovich Kutyakov

Chakumapeto kwa zaka makumi atatu ndi zitatu zapitazo, Ivan Semenovich anamangidwa ndipo, m'maganizo ambiri, adatsutsa mopanda pake. Zikalata za kumangidwa kwa munthu wa Red Army zimasungidwa m'nyuzipepala ya sukulu ya mudzi wa Krasnaya Rechka m'chigawo cha Pugachevsky. Atafufuza mwachidule, anaweruzidwa kuti aphedwe mwa kuphedwa. Kuphedwa kumeneku kunapangidwa chaka chimodzi pambuyo pa kumangidwa, kumapeto kwa 1938. Komabe, malinga ndi zina, buku la Ivan Kutyakov linamwalira chifukwa cha chaka chachiwiri cha nkhondo yachiŵiri yapadziko lonse, mu 1942, pa September 23. Mu 1956, Ivan Semenovich adatsitsimutsidwa pambuyo pake.