Price elasticity wa kufunika: chilinganizo cha kupeza

msika ndi ubale pakati pa ogula ndi ogulitsa. Mu microeconomics, makhalidwe awo amakhala ndi okwanira ndi anthu, ankalemekeza. Mu malonda, n'kofunika kuti woyesa magawo onse phindu. Wogula asanayambe kugula wabwino amayankha zinthu zingapo: mtengo, kupezeka kwa ndalama ndi kufunika mankhwala. The kudalira cha mtengo wa katundu khalidwe ogula ndiyo mtengo elasticity wa akumufuna. Ndondomeko ikusonyeza mmene chifukwa zidzakhudza chifukwa cha vutoli.

kasitomala anachita kusintha mtengo

Zolinga za munthu kugula chinthu, mwachitsanzo, kudzera sitolo online, ndi kuchepetsedwa chakuti iye adzindikira inayake (zilekeni piritsi) limachokera kwa Websites yeniyeni kuthetsa anasankha chitsanzo mtengo. Monga ulamuliro, ngati mbale umayamba mu dziko malamulo onse miyambo, mtengo wa kugula sadzakhala osiyana kwambiri. Mwachibadwa, wogula amasankha kompyuta mafoni, mtengo wa amene adzakhala kochepa.

Pankhaniyi chitsanzo chimene chakhala amatchedwa microeconomics monga "mtengo elasticity wa akumufuna." Dongosolo la index umu ndi momwe zambiri / zochepa kuganiza wogula katundu, ngati zabwino wogulitsa kusintha mtengo.

Ponena za piritsi anafotokoza kufunika zotanuka. Chifukwa ambiri zina mafoni kompyuta adzasankha amene ndalama (mkati chifukwa) mtengo kuposa ena.

Kupanda m'malo

Mu gulu ili katundu phunziro kwa magulu angapo. Gulu loyamba zikuphatikizapo madalitso amene sangathe m'malo, monga mchere, insulin, ndipo chachiwiri - katundu mwanaalirenji: zovala kusitolo mu kumasulidwa limodzi. Awa ndi awiri malire gulu.

Ngati inu kuwonjezera mtengo wa paketi ya mchere, anthu Lekani kugula izo. Ndipotu, si limangopereka kukoma mbale, komanso ndi usawonongeke, kotero m'zaka nkhondo kutchuka kwake wakhala mkulu.

The chachiwiri sanali zina gulu - katundu mwanaalirenji. Mwachitsanzo, thumba mlengi ku ng'ona khungu. Iwo udzapeza anthu amene ali bajeti ya kugula sizidzasintha. Izi makasitomala mkulu-zokolola, mtengo si zofunika.

Nthawi zonse, atawalamula limanenedwa ngati si zotanuka. Ndipo kodi zinthu wogula pa mtengo atathana zabwino, koma pamene kukula / amakana bajeti munthu? Pankhaniyi atalingalira zimenezi elasticity ndalama, chilinganizo chimene Mzimuyo kufunika mankhwala anthu enieni.

Zamgululi mkulu khalidwe ndi otsika

Pamwamba ukutchulidwa zitsanzo za momwe kusintha zochita za munthu, pamene mtengo wa gulu lina la mankhwala kuchuluka. Koma, mu microeconomics ndipo amaona zinthu zina (determinants) zokhudza kusintha makhalidwe a msika - okwanira ndi akumufuna. Mmodzi determinant amenewa ndi ndalama.

Chizindikiro - elasticity ndalama amene chilinganizo chimaonetsera chiŵerengero cha mankhwala anachita kufunika kwa kusintha malipiro wogula ndi litmus mayeso kudziwa wabwino.

Ngati mtengo masamu bude zosakwana 0, ndiye katundu amaonedwa kukhala otsika khalidwe. Mu osiyanasiyana kuchokera 0 1 - wabwino, ndalama nonelastic (mafuta, chakudya). kuwerenga A pamwamba 0 amadziwika gulu amasokoneza.

Mitundu ya kufunika mtengo

Choncho, elasticity (E) amati ndi chizindikiro kuti akhoza kukhala chifukwa cha yaikulu kufufuza anafotokoza. Koma muziwauza? Mwachitsanzo, kufanizira mankhwala awiri - mkaka ndi nyama, sizingafanane ndi kufufuza, ngati mtengo wa Zinthu ziwiri chinawonjezeka ndi 20 rubles. Kuwonjezeka mu mtengo wa mkaka kuzionekera kwambiri oyambirira a mtengo wake. Pakuti ichi kufunika koyefishienti wa elasticity (Eq) zizindikiro kuchuluka chiŵerengero cha kusintha awiri.

Tanthauzo anatsimikiza mtima elasticity modulus.

• C anagwa -1%, uthenga ulalikidwa chinawonjezeka ndi 0.5%. The elasticity wa kufunika pansi chikhalidwe choterocho: E = 0.5 * -1 = -0.5. Mlingo wa zosakwana 1, ndiye kufunika inelastic.
• C anagwa -1%, uthenga ulalikidwa chinawonjezeka ndi 3%. E = 3 * -1 = -3. Khalidwe zotanuka ogula la;
• C anagwa -1%, uthenga ulalikidwa chinawonjezeka ndi 1%. E = 1 * -1 = -1. Unit (njila) elasticity.

Izi ndi kofunika kudziwa mtundu wa kufunika?

Index - mtengo elasticity wa kufunika, chilinganizo cha chomwe chili pamwamba, chofunika kwa ntchito iliyonse umalimbana kupanga phindu. Kaya gulu inayake chinkhoswe mu kugulitsa katundu. Pamene Iye Mzimuyo mtengo anazindikira kapena katundu kudziletsa kupangidwa chikhalidwe chachikulu ndi ogwira malonda. Mwachitsanzo, pa mtundu kusintha katundu inu mukhoza kulenga chikhalidwe kugwirizana ndi kuchepa kwa mitengo. ndalama ichi chidzachulukira ndi kangapo mtengo koyamba ndi kukopa ambiri ogula.

Pamapeto pake inelastic kufunika zabwino angathe kukhala zotanuka. Ndi kuwonjezeka wina mitengo chofunika chingandithandize akulephera malonda. Mwachitsanzo, petulo. Mkubwela kwa magwero zina magalimoto magetsi ndi kufunika kwa mtundu uwu wa mafuta yafupika. Tsopano, mu kuchita, zikuonekeratu kuti ndalama wakuda golide pa mbiya amagwa zaka makumi atatu zapitazo mitengo. Ichi ndi chitsanzo cha katundu wachokera ku kufunika inelastic amatanthauza mtengo chasanduka mu zotanuka.

Choncho, mtengo elasticity wa kufunika - chilinganizo mawerengedwe, zizindikiro ndi kusanthula - wofunika kwa amalonda onse.

Kusinthasintha mchitidwe: akuti

Ndipo chitsanzo kachiwiri. Mtengo nkhumba osheyka chaka chatha pa kilogalamu anali 500 rubles, chaka chino ndalama 600 rubles. Kodi kudziwa kusintha kuchuluka mu mtengo? Chifukwa chaichi pali chilinganizo kukula kugunda: (Ts2 - Ts1) / TS1 * 100%.

Iwo analandira: 600-500 / 500 * 100% = 20%.

Ngati ife kulemba kudalira chomwecho ndi buku, kenako mmalo mwa mawu a mtengo elasticity wa kufunika, chilinganizo apeza mawonekedwe zotsatirazi:

E = ((Ob2-Ob1) / (C2-TS1)) * TS1 / Ob1.

Mawu amenewa afika dzina lake, chilinganizo mfundo elasticity wa akumufuna.

Kusinthasintha mchitidwe: fano likutipatsa

The kudalira pa malonda pa mtengo wa katundu. Panthawiyo A mtengo wabwino uli wofanana rubles 80, ndi anthu a nthawi ya pansi review, mayunitsi 50 katundu anagula. Pamene mwini ali adatchithisira mtengo rubles 40, malonda anakonzeka mayunitsi 100. M'malo mfundo za mu mfundo elasticity chilinganizo, kupeza 2., mankhwala kwambiri kugawa akhoza amakumbukira iye, kuti kuonjezera ndalama. Komabe, chilinganizo pamwamba zolakwa.

Pankhani ya zitsanzo kumene poyambira (choyambirira) Kodi ntchito B, ndipo pambuyo kuwonjezeka mitengo - mfundo A, elasticity ndi analandira zosakwana 1. Ndiko kuti, malingana ngati kusuntha kwa malo A kwa B kapena mosinthanitsa, kupeza mfundo zosiyanasiyana elasticity wa kufunika . Choncho, chuma, anaganiza mtengo choyambirira mtengo (TS1) ndi buku (Ob1) m'malo index pafupifupi. Ndiko kuti, C ₁ = C ₂ + C _1/2 ndi ₁ = Pa Pa Pa ₂ + _1/2. Ngati inu m'malo chachiwiri mfundo elasticity wa zikutanthauza masamu mawu akuti timapeza chilinganizo Arc elasticity wa kufunika:

E = ((Ob2-Ob1) / (C2-TS1)) ((+ Ob2 Ob1) / (C2 + TS1)).

Ubwino zikusonyeza elasticity ambiri Arc pakati pa mfundo ndi ndondomeko ya A ndi B.

Mosavuta mosinthana, ubwino Kugwirizana

Mu kusanthula khalidwe ogula ndi ulemu ndi mankhwala X Ngopambana bizinesi komanso kuganizira kusintha mu mtengo wa katundu W. Kuti zimenezi zitheke, chida amachita mtanda elasticity wa akumufuna. Chilinganizo chizindikiro ndi chiŵerengero cha kufunika kwa mankhwala a anachita kusintha mu mitengo ya katundu W. Mwachibadwa, palibe salisiyanitsa khalidwe la ogula la mkaka ndi kusintha mu mtengo wa mankhwala banja. Zimenezi zikugwira siyana mosinthana ndi Kugwirizana kwa katundu.

Pali zinthu zotsatirazi pa zofuna za anthuwo, malingana mtengo:

• Vital katundu. Mwachitsanzo, insulin. Pankhaniyi, kufunika sanachite zotanuka.
• ubwino wowonjezera: kirimu ndi khofi; galimoto mafuta ndi magalimoto. Elasticity wa zosakwana 1.
• Katundu wogwirizira yodziwika ndi elasticity wa kulamula ndi wamkulu kuposa 1. Ngati kuwuka mu mtengo, mwachitsanzo, ndi zana pa zana khofi arabica okhutira, anthu amayamba kugulira chakumwa ndi Kuwonjezera robusta. Ngakhale malonda a yoyamba kuchepetsedwa.

Njira zimenezi zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi makampani othandiza yosanthula awo mfundo mitengo, ndipo boma - mu utumiki zachuma ndi ntchito.