Rada "DTV" (makina ounikira)

Kukula mofulumira zida za kuukira amaika zofuna wapatali mwatsatanetsatane ndi luso makhalidwe a njira kuteteza zotheka mokwiya. Rada "Daryal" (Rada) kwazaka ngati makumi awiri wakhala chinthu chofunika cha madongosolo otero.

pafupi

Mu 1960, pulogalamu kwa kutumizgika latsopano intercontinental mivi ballistic "Minuteman-1" unayambitsidwa mu US, angathe kuyamba masekondi angapo atalandira lamulo yoyenera. machenjerero Kusintha kwa zotheka World nkhondo III; udindo waukulu kutsatira nkhonyayo zikuluzikulu tsopano anali si nkhondo njira ndege ndi zida zonyamulira. Mu 60s m'ma la United States anali ukulu mu seventeenfold njira yabwino ya kubala zida za nyukiliya imene inapangitsa kuononga kuthekera onse nyukiliya ya Soviet Union mumameza wina.

Pakuti Chenjezo za kuukira kumene kukubwera Soviet Union mu 1960 anayamba kulenga njira yapadera chenjezo (EWS).

mtsutso wotsimikizirika

N'zochititsa chidwi kuti akuluakulu ena a asilikali sadziwa kufunika dongosolo lakonzedwa, akuitana yopanda phindu poyera zipangizo sayambitsa kuwononga mdani ndipo mum'ponye maroketi. Pa limodzi la msonkhano yofunika kwambiri asilikali Industrial Commission, poyankha wina yovuta mawu academician, mkulu General, akatswiri okonza A. N. Schukin tamutchula mizere ku Pushkin a "The nthano ya Golden Cockerel" - anthu kumene "mlonda wokhulupirika vstrepenetsya, kutembenuka ndi kukuwa. .. ". Mwachitsanzo zolembalemba pa okayikira ndi anachita Boma Order cha 1962, anayambitsa ntchito kulenga zovuta za kuzindikira mwamsanga mivi ukubwera. The mbadwo Rada "Dniester" ndi Baibulo kusinthidwa kwa izo, "Dnepr" asananyamuke ku utumiki, salinso panopa. Iwo sanathe kudziletsa ndi mivi angathe mdani ndi zokwana angapo kukula ang'onoang'ono.

Onse-diso lopenya

Mu 1966, Radio Engineering Institute, ntchito inayambika pa chilengedwe cha Rada wachibadidwe watsopano ndi mphamvu yaikulu cheza - Rada "Daryal", luso kudziwa chinthu kukula kwa mpira pa mtunda wa 6 zikwi Km.. Chief mlengi anaikidwa Viktor Ivantsov. Omangira oyamba Rada "Daryal" amayenera kumanga pa chida-malangizo. Pafupifupi theka la onse likupezeka mu nkhokwe US nkhondo intercontinental anali umalimbana likulu la Soviet Union - Moscow - ndi malo chapakati dziko, ndi ndege njira pa North Pole. kuwerengetsera kuyambirira wa akatswiri anasonyeza kuti siteshoni ayenera kuyikidwa pafupi zotheka kumpoto (ziri mu dera Franz Josef Land), koma ndi kumanga zikuluzikulu mu mavuto Arctic angabweretse zovuta kwambiri. Anaganiza kukhazikitsa zomera kumtunda.

"Daryal" RLS. Komi ASSR

Kuti atumiza anasankhidwa malo pafupi ndi tauni ya Pechora, makilomita 200 okha kuchokera kozizira Circle. Chifukwa yaikulu mowa mphamvu ya zida za ntchitoyi anayamba imodzi ndi pomanga Pechora GRES mu 1974. Pa mtima za "Daryal" Rada ndi osiyanasiyana yaikulu zida, wopangidwa mwa mayunitsi kuposa 4 zikwi. E-wailesi. nyumba zitalizitali kulandira (100 m) ndi kupatsira (40 m) la zipangizo za makampani ndi spaced padera pa mtunda wina anatsekula millimeter. Mphamvu ndi madzi kumwa siteshoni anali ofanana ndi zosowa za pakati pa mzinda, anthu 100 sauzande. Man. Kugunda mphamvu Rada "Daryal" ( "Pechora" - Pechora, malinga ndi gulu NATO) pa nsonga ya kuposa 370 MW.

Pakuti utumiki ndi malo midadada radioelementnyh phased lomenyera mlongoti (ndime) pa ntchito yapadera robotic zovuta amaperekedwa. Maziko a dongosolo siteshoni kompyuta ndi microprocessor ofotokoza vekitala-kufanana kompyuta angathe kubala ntchito oposa 5 miliyoni pa mphindi.

Choyamba pa malo ake

Pechora Rada "Daryal" mu January 1984, bwinobwino zapita mndandanda wa mayesero, anali mu utumiki. Omanga ndi ndodo zomangamanga anatha kukumana ndi deadlines, ngakhale kuchuluka kwa zachilengedwe ndi mavuto a chikhalidwe luso. Mwachitsanzo, ndi kuthira maziko slab mwadzidzidzi frosts. Pofuna kupewa konkire kuzizira anathandiza Russian nzeru - osakaniza amamwa anali kutenthetsa maelekitirodi kutsatira voteji kwa iwo.

Wina vuto mwadzidzidzi zinachitika pa kutumidwa ndi. Zinagwira moto radiotransparent m'misasa kupatsira pakati. Chifukwa chosowa zipangizo muyezo firefighting anatentha oposa 80% ya pamwamba. Kusonkhanitsa nkhokwe zonse zotheka patapita miyezi iwiri kupanga zomera Syzran opangidwa ndi chinsalu watsopano (kulenga mu mode yachibadwa kungafune osachepera chaka), ndipo posachedwapa zotsatira za moto kuti yathetsedwa. Pakuyenerera: poganizira zimene zinachitika, pachikuto cha zinthu sanali kuyaka lalembedwa kutsatira polojekiti Rada.

Mu malo kulondera

Woyamba wa polojekiti, kuti apempherere tcheru Rada "Daryal" ( "Pechora"). Photos yomanga amapereka lingaliro bwino kuchuluka kwa ntchito anachita. Monga anali kumanga wina asanu mayunitsi zofanana pamalo kukafika kutsogolo kwa dziko, kutseka malo a mphete moti wa Rada ndi:

• "Gabala", Chiazebajani SSR.
• "Skrunda" Chilativiya SSR.
• "Coast", Mukachevo, Chiyukireniya SSR.
• "Balkhash", Chikazaki SSR.
• "Mishelevka", Irkutsk Region.
• "Yeniseysk", Krasnoyarsk Gawo.

Mfundo Pechora kulamulira malangizo onse kumpoto. The chachiwiri ndi wotsiriza, zagwiridwa ndi achita m'Mphamvu gawo loyamba la polojekiti, anali siteshoni ku Azerbaijan.

Kusamala za malire kum'mwera

Kumangidwa kwa chinthu pafupi m'mudzi. Kutkashen (pambuyo kugwa kwa USSR - Gabala) anayamba Republic Caucasus mu 1982. Dera la ntchito chimakwirira mahekitala oposa 200. 20 chikwi. omanga asilikali anali nawo. Tsiku chitetezero Rada "Daryal" ( "Gabala") pa ntchito nkhondowo amaona kukhala mu February 1985, ngakhale zonse ntchito yomanga linamalizidwa mu zaka zitatu patangopita. Waukulu structural kusiyana Gabala msonkhano - chosowa dongosolo kompyuta. Deta analandira anaziika ukufalitsidwa malo mudziwe "dinghy" ndi "Square", yomwe ili mu dela la mzinda.

siteshoni kwathunthu umayang'anira kum'mwera njira malangizo, kuphimba dziko la Saudi Arabia, Iran, Iraq, Turkey, kumpoto kwa Africa, Pakistan ndi India, ambiri nyanja ya Indian Ocean, kuphatikizapo kugombe la Australia. Gabala Rada siteshoni watsimikizira ulemerero luso pa nkhondo Iran-Iraq bwino kulemba ankhondo akuyamba aku Iraq mivi "Scud" (139 ma PC.) Ndipo pamene "Opaleshoni chipululu Mphepo" (302 kumayamba).

Utatha Soviet Union anamaliza mgwirizano pakati pa maboma a Russia ndi Azerbaijan adzalola malo a kum'mwera kwa Caucasus mapiri zonse kunyamula m'gulu mpaka 2012, pamene siteshoni chinali zomwe Russian dongosolo chenjezo oyambirira.

Onetsani mu Skrunda

Cha m'ma 80 ntchentche Mu zaka zapitazo, 4 kuchokera ku tawuni ya Skrunda (Chilativiya SSR), pafupi ndi "Dnepr" alipo Rada (chinthu "Skrunda-1"), pomanga wina "Daryal" mtundu kamangidwe. Pambuyo erection wa kolandira mlongoti ndi yobereka zida (1990), anali ankaganiza kuti gawo loyamba la "Dnepr" Rada zidzagwiritsidwanso ntchito monga chopatsilira ndi. Koma pambuyo ufulu wa Baltic mayiko, Latvia linakhala cholowa cha chinthu. Zoyesa za mbali Russian kusunga zotsatirazo Rada zolimbikitsa osati zidapatsa, ndi asilikali 1994 Russian kumanzere siteshoni.

Patapita chaka chimodzi, kuti alandire mlongoti anawonongedwa ndi mamembala a kampani American. Akatswiri okhonda zasonyeza Latvians amasonyeza weniweni. Pamaso kuphulika, iwo anapangana pa msinkhu wonse wa makombola nyumba zokongola, ndipo pambuyo kudzipheralo wa mtengo dongosolo lalikulu anakomoka, anadziponya chimphona.

Chinsinsi cha Krasnoyarsk Rada

Chitsimikizo cha chilimbikitso chotilonjeza omanga akale ndi antchito za mfundo "yeniseysk 15", siteshoni anali ndi mphamvu dzuwa, mphamvu zimene zingathe kuwononga zamagetsi la ballistic dongosolo chida navigation. Choncho kaya tsopano uja. Mokomera mdani wakale osiyanasiyana, ndipo mu 90s oyambirira ndi bwenzi njira - United States, pang'ono kutayipa Rada "Daryal" anawachotsa. chifukwa yokhala anali Popeza kuti mayikidwe a siteshoni, zosemphana ndi chakudya cha ABM Pangano.

Kuwonongedwa kwa mzinda kupanga ogwira inasanduka tsoka ndi yothandiza kwa mudzi yeniseysk-15. anthu oposa zikwi anachotsedwa ntchito ndi umoyo kwenikweni anasiya ndi boma kudzisamalira okha. Mwina ana zam'tsogolo kupeza yankho la funso la amene chinalepheretsa Krasnoyarsk Rada siteshoni "Daryal". Photos of zotsalira za nyumba odzitukumula mu mtima wa nayonso Siberia ndi zabwino chitsutso chikalata.

Irkutsk, Russia, Kazakhstan, Ukraine

Siteshoni m'dera Irkutsk anaikidwa kugwira ntchito mu 1992, koma patapita zaka ziwiri pamalowo mothballed. Kuchokera mu 1999, unit ntchito mabungwe wamba kuphunzira m'mwamba. zaka zisanu ndi chimodzi zapitazo, pomanga anawachotsa, kumasula malo kumangira m'badwo wotsatira wa Rada.

"Daryal" pafupi ndi tauni ya Balkhash kum'mawa Kazakhstan mu 2002 anaperekedwa kwa akuluakulu a boma mwayekha. chifukwa cha moto yaikulu patapita zaka ziwiri, ntchito yomanga adzanyekeratu, kenako zotsalira za zinthu structural ndi zipangizo zinabedwa. Pomaliza, nyumba linagwa mu 2010.

Zinthu pa Cape Chersonese, Sevastopol ndi Mukachevo pafupi (Western Ukraine) anasiya yosatha, ndipo mu 2000s anali ankaiphwasula.

Russian chishango nyukiliya

The mipata chifukwa mu chida chitetezo Russia ayenera kwathunthu kuthetsa oyambirira dongosolo chenjezo m'badwo latsopano pamaziko a mtundu Rada "Voronezh" makina anasonkhana. Nthawi ndi chuma kumanga zigawo izi kwambiri yafupika, poyerekeza ndi "Daryalami" kuti walola mu khumi zapitazo kuti achita m'Mphamvu okwerera zisanu ndi ziwiri zimenezi. Facilities ali Integrated mu dongosolo chida chitetezo (NMD), ndi ntchito zawo sakuphatikizapo kudziwika mipherezero, komanso kutsatira ndi kutsata.

Komanso, kubwerera akagwidwa kulephera kwa malo waukulu, analenga dongosolo mini-Rada. zida Izi mosavuta ananamizira monga wotumizira chidebe yosavuta akhoza ili paliponse. ntchito zovuta ndi yoyenda yokha kwathunthu ndi zodziwikiratu.