Chifinishi chuma: makampani kapangidwe

Finland - CONTEMPORARY mwamtheradi m'zonse ndi pafupifupi koposa mphamvu European Union. Ndipo zimenezi ngakhale kuti m'dziko lino osalimba wotsikitsitsa anthu mu EU, mwaukali kwambiri ozizira nyengo, wautali pakati pa midzi ndi chidwi malire zachilengedwe ndi zipangizo. Makamaka chifukwa cha ichi, chuma Chifinishi akukumana ndi lalikulu kwambiri malingana zotuluka pa mfundo dera, amene nthawi zonse kufufuzidwa mavuto chi kugwirizana ndi kudya mokwanira, mungathe kunena kukalamba mofulumira anthu ndi kudalirana.

The zamoyo zina zazikulu

Dziko Suomi asankha njira yovuta, umalimbana zolinga dziko, kulimbitsa ndi mpikisano wabwino m'bwalo lonse, ndi kusintha kwathunthu moyo wa nzika zonse za dziko. Kuti zimenezi zitheke, Finland amasiku ano umalimbana kuwongolera mphamvu ya chitukuko dera, amene ndi kuonetsetsa kuti aliyense ali ndi chigawo cha boma anatha kwathunthu mumalozana angathe kubisika. Pa nkhani imeneyi, dziko amamvetsera kukhala malo osati onyozeka komanso madera ena kuti kusintha khalidwe lawo zachuma ndi kukana kusintha pa dziko lonse. Ichi ndi chifungulo udindo wa njira zamakono za boma Chifinishi.

nkhani za m'mbiri

Mbiri ya chitukuko cha chuma Chifinishi ndi amphamvu kwambiri ndipo positive. Kuti yekha ndi gawo la zaka 1960-1970, pamene nsonga anafika chiwerengero pazipita anthu amene anabadwa mu nthawi unawonongedwa. Inali pa nthawi iyi anali kusamuka kwambiri ambiri a msinkhu ntchito m'madera ulimi m'madera loyang'anira ndi mafakitale. Zaka makumi awiri, chuma Chifinishi ndi kokhazikika ndi wogawana otukuka. boma amafunitsitsa kulenga mulingo woyenera bwino njira zosiyanasiyana athandize kukonza yunivesite m'mizinda, zigawo komanso mizinda yambiri. Zochita izi zinachititsa chilengedwe otchedwa midzi zamakono, amene anali analogues suschestvuschey tsopano US pakachitsulo Valley - malo pooled zolinga zawo Akatswiri kwambiri padziko lonse. Ndipo njira yotere utsogoleri Chifinishi kwachititsa chakuti makampani dala ankachitira m'midzi izi pofuna kupeza zotsatira wofunikila kafukufuku wawo ndi chitukuko. Mmodzi wa midzi yaikulu sayansi ndi Oulu, amene anatha kupereka kutsogolera champhamvu pa chitukuko cha deralo.

mavuto

Chifinishi chuma anakumana ndi mavuto ena mu 1990, amene pambuyo pake akutsatiridwa ndi gawo kuchira. Mavuto mu boma ankayambitsa ndi chakuti panali akuchedwa kukula kwa anthu a zaka zakubadwa ntchito m'madera mafakitale, zomwe zinachititsa kuti blurring lalikulu la malire a otchedwa mafakitale Finland. Zimenezi anapereka outflow mofulumira ntchito kuchokera kum'mwera chakum'mawa mzinda m'dera la dziko. Pankhaniyi, madera ozungulira wa Helsinki unakula mofulumira ndipo disparities dera yekha potihnonku kuchuluka.

Mwatsatanetsatane, mu Uusimaa, Varsinais-Suomi, Pirkanmaa ndi m'dziko la Finland Pohoys kwa nthawi 1994-2000 kukula ndalama kunali pakati pa 6.5% pamene mlingo mitundu 5%. Komabe, kusiyana dera yekha anakula, ndi ulova unakula. Dziwani kuti mu 1990, mlingo wake anali 3.2% mu dziko, ndipo mu 1995 - kale 15%.

nthawi 2000

Sotsorientirovannaya Chifinishi chuma mu zaka zoyambirira za m'ma 21 anayamba kuona zochepa Mosiyana, koma atsogoleri laggards mu nkhani za chitukuko cha deralo akanali yemweyo. Mlingo modzichepetsa bwino chuma kwachititsa chakuti chuma zizindikiro chitukuko ndi limagwirizana ndi moyenera. Likufanana ndi ichi, pakhala pali ena liwiro la Kusamuka kwa anthu m'midzi lalikulu ndi malo mafakitale, Finns ambiri akukumana ndi zimene zimatchedwa kuchulukana: nchito ya yothandiza anthu anayamba kuona kuchulukana kwambiri, nyumba mitengo komanso kuchuluka kwambiri ndipo anali kwambiri mkulu ambiri.

Zonsezi nawatsimikizira anatsogolera chakuti makhalidwe a anthu kusamukira ku dela la mzinda ndi kumene kulibe anthu ambiri boma kuchuluka. Komanso, 2012 inasintha zinthu zina, monga ndondomeko ya kuchepetsa chiwerengero cha zaka ntchito zaka 15-64. Malinga ndi akatswiri, ndi 2025 chiwerengero cha anthu zaka 64 adzawonjezera chigawo likulu ndi 80% poyerekeza ndi milingo panopa, ndi kum'mawa Finland adzakhala ndi kusowa kwa ntchito, zimene pamapeto, kwambiri asagwiritse gawo kupanga mu pofuna pang'onopang'ono. Kusintha mawu chiwerengero cha anthu a msinkhu wogwira ntchito adzakhala kokha mu malonda, zokopa alendo, malonda, ndi chisamaliro chaumoyo.

lothandiza

Wa makhalidwe abwino a kumpoto kwa dziko ndi zotsatirazi:

• The omasukirana a zachuma Chifinishi.
• kukhazikika Political.
• Wotukuka kwambiri zomangamanga.
• Kudalirika kwa kachitidwe kutumiza mauthenga.
• Mogwirizana wangwiro pakati zosiyanasiyana ogwira kafukufuku, malo wogwila luso ndi yunivesite.
• Liwiro la chitukuko cha zatsopano ndiponso sayansi.
• A mlingo wokwanira pa maphunziro am'deralo.
• Mulingo woyenera nyengo kwa malonda.

m'boma

mabizinezi boma akumeneko amapereka chopereka kwambiri kuti chitukuko cha dziko. Pa mma 1990, izo yathetsedwa makampani amenewa amalamulidwa ndi boma, monga: Institute of BOMA, ndi pakati pa mapu, kufalitsa ndi ena ambiri. Komabe akukonza tsankho wamba la:

• "Musanyamule" (kuyenga ndi mankhwala).
• "Fortum" (nchito mphamvu).
• "Outokumpu" (kupanga).
• "Valmet" (mawotchi zomangamanga).
• "Sampo" ndi "Sponda" (ya zachuma, malo).
• "Stora Enso" (matabwa, kupala matabwa ndi zamkati ndi pepala makampani).

M'nthawi ya 1990-2000. Wamba wabweretsa kwa chuma cha boma biliyoni 11 madola US.

makampani yeniyeni

Finland (chuma dziko lerolino kukula pang'onopang'ono poyerekeza ndi zina European Union) ngati Boma yaikulu nkhalango, mudziwe, kutumiza zitsulo, mphamvu, makina zomanga, processing chakudya, zomangamanga, ndi zaumoyo ndi makonzedwe a misonkhano malonda. Tikumbukenso kuti gawo ulimi mu nthawi 1940-1950 wabweretsa dziko la oposa 25% ya aakulu mankhwala dziko, ndi mu masiku athu - 3%. Pa malo oyamba anathawa kolala, amene amapanga pafupifupi 60% ya GNP. Mpaka 1980s, izo wakula likunena ndi cholowa cha chikoka makampani, koma lero cholowa chili pa kuzungulira 28%.

yobwezeretsanso matabwa

Nkhalango - chuma chachikulu cha boma Chifinishi. Pakati waukulu makampani nkhuni processing kuoneka: UPM-Kymmene, Stora Enso ndi Metsä Group. Mwa njira, dziko odziwika kampani Nokia nayenso anayamba ntchito yake malonda ndi kutsegula kwa zamkati mphero, ndi kokha 1990s oyambirira zopita ku dera la kutumiza mauthenga.

Pa nthawi ya 2007 10% ya okwana wolowa dziko la onse nkhalango zamkati ndi pepala mankhwala anali mu Finland. Ndipo katundu mtengo wa mapepala osindikizira ndipo onse anali limodzi mwa magawo asanu a wolowa okwana.

Zitsulo ndi luso lopanga

chuma Finland mu gawo ili ukufanizidwa ndi makampani monga:

• Sisu Auto - yopanga magalimoto ndi magalimoto wapadera kwa gawo lalikulu zosowa za makampani a chitetezo.
• Wärtsilä - umabala injini zotengera osiyana mphamvu, asilikali wononga-mtundu, zisindikizo, kachitidwe kulamulira ndi zina zotero.
• Wekman - limapanga matailosi zitsulo.
• Kone - umabala zikepe, kusunthira mlathowu, escalators ndi chimakweza anthu.
• Abloy - dziko wotchuka amapanga potseka kachitidwe, maloko, mapulani hardware, maloko, kuphatikizapo electromechanical.
• Rautaruukki - Mlengi wa nyumba zitsulo kwa kumanga ndi steels wapadera.
• Outokumpu - umabala zosapanga dzimbiri.

Kumathandizanso ndalama yokulirapo Choyamba kwadzidzidzi Mchere ntchito za kampani, amene amaloledwa ndi kuchita chitukuko cha yaikulu mu Chifinishi wanga nthaka faifi tambala ili Lapland. kupanga mabuku ndi mu osiyanasiyana matani 10 miliyoni pa chaka.

Pofika kumapeto kwa chaka cha 2015, anthu 121.000 ankagwira makampani zomangamanga. Pankhani wolowa 2015 wopambana kwambiri kwa mafakitale. Ndalama ku malonda anakwana mayuro biliyoni 12.6.

kampani yopanga zitsulo ndi apadera kupanga zitsulo. Potsatira zotsatira za 2015 Finland anali pa 31 TH malo mu dziko malinga okwana buku la Sungunulani zitsulo (matani mamiliyoni 3.9). Zitsulo mphero kwathunthu kuphimba zosowa za onse zitsulo boma mkati mwa msika.

makampani mankhwala

Pachikhalidwe wachitatu mu mapangidwe GDP Finland. mankhwala ndi pa pafupifupi mlingo chomwecho mu dziko kwa zaka zambiri, chifukwa kukhalapo kwa kufunika amphamvu kwambiri, osati msika zakunja, komanso m'banja.

Pafupifupi 60% ya mankhwala onse mankhwala amagulitsidwa Union ku Ulaya ndi ku Eastern Europe. chuma Finland masiku ano kwakukulukulu alitcha chitukuko ngati titans makampani mankhwala, monga:

• "Kemira" - gulu, okhazikika kupanga mankhwala, feteleza, utoto, lacquers, resins, zomatira. Ndi chimphona yekha mu wopanga dziko kukukhala lathunthu la mankhwala apamwamba kalasi kwa oyeretsa pepala zamkati. Ndi mtsogoleri dziko kupanga asidi formic.
• "Kemira Kukula Kodi" - ngati zamoyo zina chachikulu cha ntchito gulu anasankha kupanga feteleza ndi chakudya nyama.
• "Tikkurila" - waukulu mu wopanga Old World wa mafakitale, zomangamanga ndi utoto banja. Kuwonjezera mabizinesi ili mwachindunji mu Finland, gulu mafakitale zake Latvia, Poland, Estonia, Netherlands, Italy, England ndi Russia.

Mwa njira, pafupifupi 40% ya anthu onse ogwira ntchito mu makampani nawo processing wa mapulasitiki. Yaikulu polima alimi ndi: "Borealis" Polimers Oy "," Dina Mankhwala ".

CHAKUDYA makampani

chuma Finland, kodi mwachidule m'nkhani ino, zinthu zambiri zimadalira adzasowa chakudya, umenenso njira, ndi msanga anadwala ziletso kubwezera choipa ndi Russian Federation, anayambitsa mu August 2014. Makamaka, Valio kampani okhazikika kupanga mkaka, wakhala inaimitsidwa kupanga mizere yake, amene lolunjika pa kukhazikitsa msika Russian.

Imodzi mwa makampani ŵa mu adzasowa chakudya mu Finland ndi kampani Fazer - wotchuka chokoleti Mlengi. Buku lalikulu la khofi umatulutsa Paulig Group.

M'munda wa makampani kupanga mowa atsogoleri mtheradi Sinebrychoff (zikugwira ntchito chiyambire 1819) ndi Hartwall.

Pakompyuta ndi zamagetsi

nthambi imeneyi ya dziko kumaphatikizapo kutulutsidwa kwa magetsi, kutumiza zipangizo zachipatala, ndipo ankaona zina zamakono kwambiri gawo la chuma cha Finland. Chithunzi waukulu wa alimi ali: "ABB", "Nokia", "Ensto Finland Oy" ndi "Vaisala".

Mu 2015, makampani wabweretsa kwa bajeti Chifinishi a mayuro biliyoni 6,6, lomwe ndi 3% zosakwana chithunzi mu 2014. Pa nthawi yomweyo mu makampani onse a dera lino 40 500 ntchito. Koma yopanga buku la zipangizo zamagetsi ndi magetsi, ndiye mu Finland izo yafupika. Ichi ndi chifukwa chakuti m'dzikoli mkulu mlingo kwambiri lotuluka kupanga, choncho ambiri a kampani Chifinishi wabweretsa ya kupanga mizere kunja boma kuti ziziyenda bwino mu profitability ndi mpikisano wa ulimi.

shipbuilding

Yopanga zombo ndi zida m'madzi - pafupifupi maziko a m'madera monga chuma cha Finland. Mwachidule, ntchito imeneyi akuganiza zina zamakono muzochitika ambiri a makampani. Akatswiri amanena msika Chifinishi m'dziko 1% ya okwana kupanga dziko la zombo, liners, mabwato, ayezi breakers. Nthambi anapereka ntchito 20 chikwi. Today mu Finland sitima asanu anamanga, yaikulu imene ili mu Turku, ndipo imakhazikika mu yomanga zombo zonyamula wovuta.

dongosolo supervisory

Mu nkhani ya ulamuliro Chifinishi boma zochokera boma lamulo la chuma. Finland, monga chiwalo wodzala ndi European Union, mosamala kwambiri complies malamulo onse alipo ndi malangizo a bungwe la European, amene Komabe, sikuti bwanji bwinobwino pa malonda Finland. Mwachitsanzo, lamulo pa kuchepetsa mpweya mpweya winawake kwachititsa kuchepetsedwa kwambiri m'mayiko otukuka chifukwa ndalama kuchuluka kwa mabungwe ang'onoang'ono opaleshoni mu kukhazikitsa mfundo zake.

Economy mu Finland (misonkho yomwe, poyamba, si mkulu ndipo kungakhale peresenti makumi anayi anthu paokha) limodzi ndi ntchito bwino lamulo ogula chitetezo chimene lasinthidwa mu 2013. Komanso, ntchito bwino malamulo ambiri odana ndi kusakhulupilika, amene nawonso, ndi Lamulo zingapo zokhudza malamulo mozama.

mtsogoleri mmene kukumana

«Posti Finland Economy» (Posti Finland Economy) - waukulu Chifinishi kampani okhazikika mu processing ndi kutumiza zosiyanasiyana katundu ndi zinthu. Kampaniyi ukugwira molumikizana ndi chonyamulira Yanwen. Kuyambira March 25, 2015 «Posti Finland Economy" ali m'gulu mndandanda wa analimbikitsa njira kupulumutsa pa limodzi la madera kugula wotchuka Aliexpress. malo akuonetsa njira yoperekera chifukwa chotumiza katundu zosakwana $ 7. Mothandizidwa «Posti Finland Economy" anagula katundu kutsatira akudutsa mwamsanga ndithu ndipo bwino. The woyendetsa ali ambiri ramified zopezera zinthu zawo makasitomala kutumikiridwa pasanapite nthawi ndi pa khalidwe lomwelo. Komanso, "positi chuma Finland" amapereka makasitomala ake (awiri ndi kampani) angapo ndithu ntchito online, kuti ndizolowere mwatsatanetsatane pa webusaiti yovomerezeka ya kampani.

Banki ndi inshuransi

Monga wa January 1, 2015, 291 bungwe ndalama wakhala mayina Finland. 279 - ndi mabanki, 11 - ndalama ndalama awiri amene ali zamagetsi (mu 2014 chifukwa kusintha malamulo awo n'kopanda mu osiyana yopapatiza gulu).

Banki yaikulu mu Finland - uthenga ulalikidwa-Pohjola Gulu lomwe lili nthambi 450 ndi kulemba anthu 12,3 zikwi. Mu malo yachiwiri ndi banki otchedwa Nordea Pankki Finland PLC ndi chiwerengero cha ogwira ntchito ndi anthu 7.4 zikwi.

Mbali yaikulu ya lonse la dziko la zachuma ndi apadera ndi malonda mabanki. Zodabwitsa ndizakuti, Finland - wopezeka mtsogoleri kumpoto kwa Ulaya mu chiwerengero cha anthu pa bungwe lina la ndalama. chiwerengerochi ndi wofanana ndi anthu 15 sauzande pa unit kubanki.

Dziwani kuti zokwanira zoipa azimuth mu gawo chuma zachititsa kuti kuchepa mtengo wa katundu wa gawo banki lonse. Buku okwana mabungwe a zachuma Finland kwa January 1, 2016 anakwana pang'ono mayuro oposa biliyoni 684, amene ali pafupifupi 3% zosakwana mu 2015. kuchepa Zimenezi zinachitika chifukwa buku la kukongoza anatsika ndi borrowers ambiri European.

Pomaliza

Pakali pano, Finland, Russia (chuma chawo kuona si nthawi yabwino) - dziko, wofunitsitsa kuti efficiently mwamsanga Chisudzulo Chikuwononga ubale wawo ndi maziko mopitiriza ziletso awo. Atsogoleri a mayiko onse ndi bwino kuti moyo Kodi chilili ndi msanga atengere mavuto athu kale zinthu zopweteka.