RCC "zircon": makhalidwe, kuyezetsa. Hypersonic sitima chida "zircon"

Masiku ano mtundu manja ndi zogwirizana kwambiri, ngakhale kutenga nkhani yakuti otsiriza nkhondo padziko lonse kwachitika kwa zaka zoposa makumi asanu zapitazo. Komabe, mikangano m'dera kuyambira pamenepo sanaletse, kotero chaka chilichonse dziko akupanga zida zatsopano ndi atsopano pogwiritsa ntchito mabiliyoni ambiri izo. Kumene, monga mmodzi wa mayiko mu ndondomeko mwachangu chinkhoswe ndi Russia. M'nkhani ino tikukamba pa chimodzi mwa zochitika atsopano a dziko - ASM "zircon". Choyamba, tiyeni timvetsetse zimene RCC, ndipo kodi njira imeneyi. Ndiyeno kudzakhala kotheka kuti usapite ku kulingalira kwambiri ASM "zircon".

RCC History

RCC - ichi mivi odana sitima, ndiko kuti, mtundu wa zida lakonzedwa kuti akunde zolinga za madzi. The ntchito loyamba la chida ichi anaonekera pa Dziko Lonse Yoyamba, pamene akatswiri asilikali ndalota magalimoto opanda mlengalenga, zomwe zosamukira momasuka kudzera mumpweya ndi kumumenya cholinga mdani wake. Komabe, nthawi yoyamba ntchito sanali pa pepala, koma kwenikweni ndi kale mu nthawi ya Nkhondo Yachiwiri ya World. Mu 1943, Germany ali bwinobwino ntchito yofanana odana sitima chida - ndipo kuyambira pamenepo anayamba yogwira kupanga mtundu wa zida.

Pa Nkhondo Yachiwiri ya World, miyala iyi kuti inakhazikitsidwa Japan ndi United States of America, ndipo zaka khumi ndi zisanu nkhondo itatha, woyamba otukuka RCC anagwiritsidwa ntchito mu Soviet Union - anali mzinga P-15 "nimu". Kuyambira pamenepo, m'mayiko osiyanasiyana kubala zosiyanasiyana mivi odana sitima kuti mowirikiza kukulitsa bwino. Ngati woyamba German PKR 1943 akanangokhoza kuukira kwa mtunda wa makilomita 18, Soviet SIC 1983 U-750 "kugwa kwa miyala yochokera" anayenera kuphimba mtunda wa makilomita 5,500.

Komabe, mu nkhondo zamakono izo sizinali mbali yofunika kwambiri kuukira zosiyanasiyana ndipo ngakhale mphamvu zake ndi nzeru - lero anapezerapo "kugwa kwa miyala yochokera" utali ziyenera yomweyo anamuona Rada ndi mfuti pansi pafupi khumi mamita. N'chifukwa chake mivi masiku ano laling'ono kwambiri mu kukula, koma akhoza Mwachitsanzo, ambiri mtunda kuuluka pa okwera kwambiri, pamene otsala kosaoneka ndi mdani Rada, kenako patsogolo cholinga zikuchepa kuuluka kwa bwino kwambiri kuukira chandamale izi.

Komanso, okonza masiku ano ntchito pa kukhazikitsidwa kwa RCC, amene akanatha cholinga chawo ndipo anaika njira yake, potero kukula dzuwa la zida za nthawi. Komabe, izi American okonza - koma nanga Russia?

Apa ndi pamene mukufuna kusinthana kwa ASM "zircon". Kukula kwa chida ichi chakhala chikuchitika kwa nthawi yaitali, ndi mayeso zikuoneka kuti ayamba mu 2012, koma zimenezi si anatsimikizira. ASM "zircon" ayenera kukhala mawu atsopano mu mbiri ya mtundu mikono - koma kodi chikuimira chiyani? Kodi deta za izo kuti kuzindikirike ndi anthu onse?

Kodi mtundu wa mzinga?

Chida 3M22 "zircon" - ndi chimodzi mwa zochitika atsopano a sayansi Russian asilikali. Ndipotu, ngati ife kufotokoza polojekiti mwachidule, izi hypersonic odana sitima chida ntchito ntchito. Ntchito pa chitukuko, kusindikiza, kuyezetsa ndi kutumidwa inayamba mu 2011 - kenako kutchula koyamba m'nyuzipepala. Komabe, kwenikweni ntchito akhoza ikuchitika kale, koma zambiri n'zokayikitsa munthu adzamasula kapena atsimikizire. Kupanga chida ichi chakhala "NGOs zomangamanga" - ndipo pa maziko a zimenezi, pali mphekesera ena, kutanthauza kuti 3M22 "zircon" zida ndi m'banja la ntchito ina kwa Mlengi yemweyo, "Fireball" chida dongosolo.

zina

Choncho tsopano inu mukudziwa zimene ali maroketi "zircon", komanso chitukuko anali anayambitsa. Kumene, pali amalimbikitsa chiphunzitso chakuti ndondomeko lonse lakhala anayamba kale kwambiri, koma chiphunzitso angabwere ndi kwambiri. Kuti zoonadi, pali zolembedwa, malinga ndi zomwe zinali mu 2011, unapangidwa bungwe ndi gulu lapadera opanga makampani a akutsogolera kumene ntchito ya chitukuko cha zida ndi chitetezo chida wonse chinakhazikitsidwa.

Zinali mu 2011 zikuphatikizapo zojambula loyamba la onse chida ndi subsystems zosiyanasiyana. Zochitika zonse kunachitika mu "NPO Machine Building", komanso magulu ake structural, kuphatikizapo UPKB "Mwatsatanetsatane". Komabe, basi kuŵeta maroketi awa adzapatsidwa ku mapulogalamu "Mivi Yanu" mu mzinda wa Orenburg. Awa kuyambirira deta kuti kutsogoloku angasinthe, koma monga wa 2016 izo anakonza ntchito Orenburg "Mivi Yanu", kutulutsa mivi "zircon".

chitukuko kuyimitsidwa

Mu 2012, atolankhani anayamba kutayikira mudziwe zidzasintha - pali umboni kuti chida latsopano "zircon" sangakhoze konse anabadwa. malo ambiri inanena kuti ntchitoyi mwina kwathunthu adatsekedwa kapena inaimitsidwa kwa kusintha kwambiri. Palibe umboni pa nthawi imeneyo sanatsatire, kotero anthu ongoganizira chabe ngati ntchito anayambanso ntchitoyi.

Motero, boma anaganiza kugwirizanitsa akugwira ntchito ya "NPO Machine Building" ndi "Raduga" - sitepe uyu wagwidwa kuti ayambirenso ntchito yofunika kwambiri mwakuti gawo usilikali chifukwa cha polojekiti dziko. "Zircon" anali kulembetsa mu Bulu la Chitaganya cha Russia ngakhale chilichonse moti miyeso zonse zofunikira Atengedwa polojekiti wakhala defrosted.

Motero, ntchito pa chombo adapitiriza, ndipo mu April 2013 anthu anamva kuti chaka chatha pakhala mavuto ena, kotero ntchito pa ntchito yomanga inaimitsidwa, koma chiyembekezo chakuti za chitukuko cha mivi "zircon" mawu sangakhale.

Momwe zinthu zikusinthira

Kodi chikuchitika ndi kusodza zaposachedwapa? Kumene, pa 2013 ndi 2014 kunali chochitika yogwira ikugwiridwira - monga tanenera kale, pali ngakhale mudziwe kuti mayesero ake choyamba kunachitika kale kwambiri, Koma zimenezi palibe wina limanena. Malinga ndi magwero boma yekha m'chilimwe cha 2015 analengeza kuti mizinga okonzeka kukayezetsa. Ambiri mwina, chiyesedwe oyambirira chichitike, koma mu 2015 anali kale ndi mayesero m'ziwawa pa mlingo boma.

Chifukwa, mu February 2016 anauzidwa kuti chiyesedwe wayamba kale - ndipo pa akamaliza ntchito adzakhala analengeza wokonzeka kuti kuŵeta. Mu April 2016 anauzidwa kuti mayeso lidzakhalapo kwa chaka chonse ndi chidzakwanira 2017, ndipo mu 2018 kale kuŵeta RCC "zircon" adzakhala anapezerapo. Makhalidwe a chida ichi silinakwaniritsidwe anafotokoza bwinobwino, koma tikudziwa kwambiri ndithu mwatsatanetsatane, tikambirana zina.

zida sitata

Hypersonic sitima chida 3M22 "zircon" Adzathamanga kuchokera Russian chida cruiser 11442M. Mwachibadwa, sikutheka kukhazikitsa Roketi popanda zida zoonjezera basi tsegula izo lonse. N'chifukwa chake cruisers deta akhale okonzeka ndi wapadera Launcher 3C-14-11442M. Izi unsembe Launch umodzi, zomwe kwambiri bwino magwiridwe a mtundu wa chida. Komabe, tiyenera kukumbukira kuti Chiwerengerochi ngakhale ali mwachilungamo watsopano, koma amakhalabe zilibe umboni weniweni - pa nthawi zinthu zingasinthe, koma mudziwe zambiri panopa ziri chimodzimodzi lero.

kulamulira ndi malangizo dongosolo

Control ndi malangizo dongosolo, zomwe zigwiritsidwe ntchito kwa actuate ndi "zircon", miyala Russia anayamba payokha. Zimenezi n'zomveka, chifukwa mu kachitidwe aka ndi mwayi waukulu kugona RCC. Monga tanena kale, woyamba mivi odana chombo akhoza kuuluka kwambiri, malangizo zinachitikadi m'malo mwamwano. Masiku ano zinthu m'dzikoli zosiyana, kotero chiyambi-mmwamba, kasamalidwe, ndi chida malangizo wapatsidwa kuwasamalira kwambiri.

Tsopano PKR kuwuluka ikakhala otsika kwambiri kupewa mdani Rada ndi kukonza njira yako cholinga, amene ndi ogwira mtima kwambiri, ndipo kuchepetsa monga limayenda. Systems miyala "zircon" yapangidwa m'malo osiyanasiyana. Mwachitsanzo, dongosolo Autopilot panyanja inertial anayamba kupanga mu NGO "Granit-elekitironi" ndi dongosolo kulamulira palokha - mu "NPO Electromechanics". Komanso, ena zinthu yapangidwa "NPO Machine Building" otchulidwa pamwambapa, ndicho UPKB "Mwatsatanetsatane".

injini

Koma injini, umene udzabweretse chida mu Tingati iwo yapangidwa mu 2009-2010 - kumene, palibe amene mwalamulo mawu anachita. Komanso, injini awa ankati ndi kupangidwa kwa makasitomala akunja Komabe, nthawi zambiri, nkhaniyi mwiniwakeyo yekha eyewash. Choncho, ndi chiyambi cha kamangidwe ka maroketi "zircon" injini chifukwa anali okonzeka ndi kuyesedwa kuchita.

makhalidwe luso

Mmodzi wa mphindi chidwi kwambiri, kumene, ndi makhalidwe luso chida cha. Kodi angachite chiyani? Kodi mtundu wa mpikisano adzalenga kutsogolera RCC modernity? M'pofunikanso kukumbukira kuti bwino chitsanzo lotsiriza la RCC, unakhazikitsidwa mu gawo la Chitaganya cha Russia, wakhala P-800 "onekisi" - chida ichi chikhonza kuukira pa mtunda wa makilomita 300 ndipo anaulukira ndi liwiro Mach 0,85. Kodi kupereka ASM "zircon"?

Liwiro la chida ichi ndi chidwi ndi Bwaloli ndi limodzi mwa ubwino lalikulu la polojekiti. Malinga ndi kafukufuku kuyambirira, izo angafikire liwiro pafupifupi Mach 4.5, koma pali malangizo amene chomaliza mankhwala liwiro angafikire ngakhale asanu patsogolo. Koma mtunda, umene ntchito chida, apa ndiAmene ndi zodabwitsa chabe. Malinga ndi kafukufuku kuyambirira, zidzakhala makilomita 300-400, koma deta awa sali wokwanira. Pali zambiri zoti nthawi Launch kuŵeta osiyanasiyana RCC "zircon" si makilomita osakwana 800 ndipo angafikire zikwi makilomita.

mayeso

Monga tanenera kale, woyamba mayeso boma la chida "zircon" kunachitidwa yekha mu 2015, koma magwero osiyanasiyana akusonyeza kuti zimenezi si zoona. Inde, mkulu boma mlingo mayesero woyamba inayamba mu 2015, iwo inachitika mu 2016 ndipo chidzakwanira 2017. Malinga ndi zotsatira awo adzakhululukidwa anaganiza kufunika zosintha aliyense, kenako RCC latsopano kudzachitika kuŵeta.

Komabe, ndi ena mfundo akadali ifunika ku welenga. Mwachitsanzo, kwinakwake mu July-August 2012, izo anachita kuwaza mayeso a mzinga ku ndege Lachiwiri-22M3 pa Akhtuba - zinali zoipa, ndi malo ambiri amanena kuti chifukwa chake chitukuko cha polojekiti wakhala inaimitsidwa mu chaka chomwecho.

Patapita chaka kumeneko, Akhtubinsk, izo kunachitidwa kovuta - chida kachiwiri waponya ku ndege Komabe, Launch uyu anali wolephera, ndege anali aafupi kwambiri. Grounds okhulupirira kuti roketi ndendende ASM "zircon", amapereka kuyankhulana ndi mutu wa Tactical mivi Corporation, amene ananena kuti Federation Russian kale mivi kuti kuuluka pa hypersonic.

Mu September chaka chomwecho izo unachitikira pa Akhtuba lachitatu roketi Launch ku ndege - ndipo kachiwiri zinalephereka. Ambiri mwina, anali zinachitika wa roketi "zircon", kapena supersonic zinachitika, amene anayesedwa pa nthawi mu Russia.

Monga tanena kale, m'chaka cha 2015. The kufunika imalankhula chinsinsi sanalinso, monga analengeza za chibvomerezo cha RCC "zircon" mayesero boma m'ziwawa. Ndipo mayeso oyamba zinachitika mu December chaka chomwecho - izo sanalinso kuyamba ndegeyo. Pa akhala akutayirapo dothi chinaikidwa Nenoksa pansi Launch zovuta, kumene woyamba Launch boma anali wangwiro. Komabe, zinalephereka - ndi roketi, zouluka mlengalenga, pafupifupi nthawi yomweyo anagwa pansi.

Zonse zoyesa analephera kuzipeza, kodi analinso roketi nthawi kuwuluka. Ndipo izo zinachitika mu March 2016. uthunthu wofanana Nenoksa kuyambira pachiyambi wakhala anapanga malo Launch zovuta zimene zinaonetseratu bwino. Zinali ndiye kuti atolankhani a boma analengeza kuti chiyesedwe cha ASM latsopano "zircon" linayamba.

zonyamulira

Choncho PRK "zircon" mayesero wakhalako pafupifupi chaka, akamaliza zoyesa zakonzedwa chaka chino ndipo ndi mwayi za kukhazikitsidwa kwa kuŵeta. Koma kodi miyala iyi, pamene iwo ali wokonzeka? Takambirana kale inanena kuti adzakhala zida cruiser 11442M, amene panopa amaloŵamo wamakono kuti athe anakhumudwitsa miyala iyi.

Komabe, palinso zolinga yaitali yaitali. Choyamba, RPC "zircon" adzakhala anaika pa cruiser 11442 "Petr Veliky", ndi wamakono chimene inakonzedwa 2019. Komanso, miyala iyi adzakhala atapereka sitima zankhondo m'badwo wachisanu wa "Husky". Izi Mipikisano cholinga sitima zapamadzi nyukiliya sanabadwe ngakhale adalowa kupanga. Iwo ali pa siteji ya kapangidwe. Koma mivi odana ngalawa "zircon" Cholinga kwakukulukulu ncholinga kaphatikizidwe iwo mu "Husky" dongosolo limene lidzakonza deta sitima zapamadzi ndi amazipanga zoopsa ndi wakupha ogwira.