Russian ndege nyukiliya onyamula ndi makhalidwe awo luso

Nyukiliya ndege chonyamulira - ndiwo m'badwo atsopano a sitima pokhapokha kutsogolera mphamvu za dziko. Komabe, mu Russian yapamadzi, iwo amachita chiyani sikudalira. Kodi vuto? N'chifukwa chiyani Russian Federation, amene mwanjira zambiri mtsogoleri mu mtundu manja padziko lonse utsalira mu chizindikiro ichi? Ndipotu, United States kupezeka kwa kuchuluka ndithu wamakhalidwe ya sitima zoterozo. Kodi ndege nyukiliya onyamula Russia? Ndi pa funso limeneli ndipo mudzadziwa yankho m'nkhani ino. Mumvetsa chifukwa mbali iyi ya mtundu nkhondo la Russia anali mu kufooka. Mudzaphunziranso za zombo za mtundu uwu, zomwe zinalembedwa pa dera la Russia, koma zifukwa zina sanali mu apanyanja. Mukhozanso kudziwa za chonyamulira ndege osakwatira kutumikira mu yapamadzi, komanso ngati munakonza Russian ndege nyukiliya onyamula posachedwapa.

Mwachibadwa, lachindunji pa ntchito zimenezi kuti zinthu zosatheka - pa chisankho opanga TV ndikhoza kunena chinthu chimodzi pa pepala adzasonyezedwa ndi osiyana, koma kwenikweni angayambe konse atatu. Choncho, nkhani pa tsogolo la nyukiliya ndege zonyamulira mu Russia ndi Wonenedwa yekha.

Bwanji nyukiliya ndege zonyamulira mu Russia?

Nyukiliya ndege onyamula Russia - ichi ndi chidwi kwambiri mutu, chifukwa munthu wa mphamvu amphamvu m'dziko mawu asilikali pafupifupi palibe lalikulu ndi zofunika gawo. Kodi chinachitika? vuto ndi zotsatira zomwe anapita ku Russian Federation ya Union of Soviet Socialist mayiko. nsomba angapezeke mu kuphunzira mfundo lankhondo la USSR - chakuti boma kwathunthu anasiya kupanga ndege onyamula, ngakhale kuganizira iwo monga mfundo zombo mphamvu chonyamulira ndege.

Kale pa nthawi ya Soviet Union anayamba kuyala maziko a sanali pazikhala kufanana kwa mfundo imeneyi ya m'tsogolo Russia poyerekeza Mwachitsanzo, ndi United States. Chifukwa - latsopano la Russia pa chiyambi linakhalapo analibe ndege onyamula ndi mapulani aliyense ndi ma kupangidwa, mayiko latsopano Zakachikwi anakumana chimodzimodzi zomwezo, ndi tsiku pamene padzakhala nyukiliya ndege onyamula Russia, kotero mphekesera kutali okha ndi kukambirana.

Kuyesa kuyamba kupanga

Sitingathe kunena kuti Soviet Union analibe ngakhale kuyesa. Mu makumi asanu ndi awiri oyambirira Soviet Union kwenikweni anaganiza zomanga woyamba ndege nyukiliya chonyamulira zonse, zimene zingathe kuyambitsa m'ndandanda wa zombo nyukiliya. Sanalinso ngakhale ntchitoyi analengedwa, mutu ntchito "1160". Cholinga cha ntchito iyi kulenga ndi 1986 katatu zonse kunachitika onyamula ndege nyukiliya, omwe chingayambitse catapult mmodzi wa yabwino kwambiri Soviet Lamulungu 27 K. Komabe, mwatsoka, sanafunike lidzakwaniritsidwa, kuyambira pa nthawi imene boma la Soviet Union anaikira pa chilengedwe cha onyamula katundu ndege, amene sakhoza wotchedwa anthawi kunachitika nyukiliya ndege chonyamulira cha zifukwa zosiyanasiyana. Izo zinali ndiye akufuna kukhazikitsidwa kwa ndege katundu chonyamulira zamakono ndi zofunika choimirira. Ndi pamene "1160" polojekiti anali atalekeka, ndipo woyamba nyukiliya zoyendetsedwa ndege chonyamulira cha chiyambi zoweta ndi sanabadwe.

Mwa njira, ntchito ya nthandala ndege, lomwe polojekiti yanu "1160" wakhala m'malo anagonjetsa kwathunthu. Mu 1991, inatha, mayeso athamangiramo akhala anayamba, zomwe zinachititsa kuti mfundo yakuti mmodzi wa ndege anagwa mwachindunji kuyenda sitima cruiser ndi uko ndi kutentha. Ndi 1992, ntchitoyi anamuthawa, ndi la Soviet Union anakhalabe mfulu kwa onyamula ndege nyukiliya cruisers, ndipo popanda dongosolo ofukula Launch, ndi Russian Federation, amene anaonekera patapita chaka - popanda katundu aliyense mu chitukuko cha nyukiliya ndege zonyamulira.

Koma zimene zinachitika? Kodi pali onyamula ndege nyukiliya Russia? Mbiri imasonyeza kuti zimene anali, koma iwonso adali ndege onyamula, ndipo zinalengedwa kwenikweni osati kwa Russian apanyanja.

Kodi tsopano?

Pokambirana za ndege nyukiliya onyamula Russia, gulu amagwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri. Popeza kuti nyukiliya ndege chonyamulira monga mu dziko si konse. Ndipo iwo asanamulenge kaya Russia, kapena kale Soviet Union. Koma ngati tinyalanyaza meticulousness, ndiye ndege onyamula monga lolemera ndege chonyamulira, lomwe kale olembedwa kale. Ndiyeno inu mukhoza kufufuza mbiri ya mmene panali anthu cruisers amene kale opareshoni mu Russia.

Woyamba anali cruiser "Kiev", "Minsk" ndi "Novorossiysk". Iwo anapezerapo mu makumi asanu ndi awiri, ndi zolembedwa kuchokera pamodzi mu 1993. Choyamba iye anaima osagwiranso ntchito kwa zaka khumi, mpaka anam'tumiza China, kumene anakhala mutu wa m'nyumbayi chionetsero. Wachiwiri zaka ziwiri pambuyo poonera anagulitsidwa kwa Korea South, pamene anafuna kuti chifukwa zitsulo, koma ndiye anagulitsidwa kwa China, kumene, komanso amene m'mbuyomu, anali pa kowonera zakale lathu. Chachitatu ovutika zonse - izo anagulitsidwa kwa Korea kugwetsedwa, koma palibe amene anagula, kotero cruiser ndipo anagwetsa ku mfundo.

Koma zitsanzo patsogolo kwambiri, ndi ofunika powasamalira ndege chonyamulira "Varyag", umene unayambitsidwa mu 1988. Komabe, pambuyo Soviet Union linagwa, iye anapita ku Ukraine, amene anagulitsidwa ku China, kumene angwiro, anamaliza ndi okonzekera ntchito. Chifukwa, mozama lero pansi pa dzina la "Liaoning". cruiser lina, limene mpaka pano tingati - ndi "asilikali Gorshkov", omwe amagwira ntchito mpaka 2004, kenako anagulitsidwa kwa India, kumene iye wakhala anakongoletsa, n'kukhala tingachipeze powerenga ndege chonyamulira nyukiliya ndipo akadali mu utumiki ndi Indian apanyanja. Pali wodziwanso kuposa ndege chonyamulira wotchedwa "Ulyanovsk", chomwe chingathe ntchito latsopano la Russia - idamangidwa ndi Posachedwapa, mu 1998, ndipo anakonza kuti anamaliza 1995. Komabe, iye akadali athe mwakachetechete kutumikira mu Russian yapamadzi, koma polojekiti linasiyidwa zisanafike udzatha, koma kuti anali kale anasonkhana, mfutizo ku zitsulo. Ndipo sanalandira Navy woyamba ndege nyukiliya onyamula Russia.

"Asilikali Kuznetsov"

Koma kodi onse onyamula ndege nyukiliya Russia? Mwachidule sikuthetsa pano, chifukwa muyeneranso kuyang'ana pa buku limene tsopano yekha amakhalabe wolimba ndi Bulu. Kodi sitimayo ili? Izi Russian ndege nyukiliya chonyamulira "asilikali Kuznetsov" - sitima yekha mu Russian apanyanja, amene akhoza wachinsinsi monga chotengera ndege. Komabe, nyukiliya ndege chonyamulira, likhoza kutchedwa salembedwa, chifukwa, ngati chitsanzo yapita, ndi katundu ndege kuti n'lalikulu ndege onyamula cruiser. Ngati ena onse ndege onyamula, linamangidwa mu Soviet Chernihiv doko la zombo zapanyanja. Ngalawayi nayikidwa mu 1985, ndipo mu 1988 kale anapezerapo - kuyambira umagwira ntchito ndi anakwanitsa kutumikira monga Soviet Union ndi Russia. Iwo nalo dzina lake pokhapokha kugwa kwa USSR, zisanachitike, iye anali nawo maina osiyanasiyana. Poyamba dzina la "Riga" zapatsidwa, ndiye anadzatchedwa kuti "Leonid Brezhnev" ndipo anakhala "Tbilisi", ndipo kokha anabadwa Russian ndege nyukiliya chonyamulira "asilikali Kuznetsov". Kodi mtundu wa zombo zomwe tsiku ndi kokha lonse Navy Russia?

Luso makhalidwe a sitimayo

Monga mukuonera, si zochuluka pamaso pa Navy ndege nyukiliya onyamula Russia. Zofunika yekha katundu ndege chonyamulira, kungakhale chidwi. Choncho ndi wokongola chidwi chombo kusamutsidwa - matani oposa makumi asanu zikwi. m'litali ndi mamita 306, m'lifupi - mamita makumi asanu ndi awiri, ndi kutalika pa chimbuzi - mamita 65. Choyesera kungakhale kuchokera mamita asanu ndi khumi, ndi kusamutsidwa pazipita, akafika mamita 10,4. Kusungitsa wa ngalawayo zopangidwa ndi zitsulo adagulung'undisa, anakonza mwendo zina thupi zipinda. Torpedoes chombo kwa mdani amateteza 4.5 mita trilayer chitetezo - zida wosanjikiza angathe kulowa ndi mlandu kutengerapo makilogalamu 400 TNT. Koma injini, tiyenera kuona kuti ntchito chetyrehvalnaya kukatentha ndi chopangira mphamvu luso, amene sakuligwiritsira ntchito kuti zonse kunachitika nyukiliya ndege zonyamulira. Komabe, ngati tikukamba za makhalidwe luso wouma chopangira mphamvu, anayi nthunzi kuwonjezera 200,000 ndiyamphamvu, Turbo-magudumu kubala 13 ndi zikwi theka kilowatts, ndi magudumu dizilo - kilowatts naini zikwi. Komanso Dziwani wotsogolera, chomwe ndi anayi injini-tsamba asanu. Kodi zonse okwana? Mu ndalama timapeza liwiro pazipita 29 mfundo mwachitsanzo makilomita 54 pa ola limodzi. Komanso Dziwani akumenyana zachuma ndi mtengo mlingo - woyamba wa 18 mfundo ndi wachiwiri - 14.

Zimenezi yopita chombo popanda refueling? Ikuthamanga osiyanasiyana, kumene, zimadalira liwiro la: pa liwiro osiyanasiyana pazipita ndi 3850 kuyendetsa sitima zapamadzi mtunda pa liwiro nkhondo ndalama - pang'ono kuposa zisanu ndi ziwiri ndi theka zikwi kuyendetsa sitima zapamadzi mtunda, pamene mlingo zachuma - pafupifupi ndi theka zikwi kuyendetsa sitima zapamadzi miles. Kaya kutalika kwa ulendo amadziwikanso ankaona ikuthamanga, zomwe zinachitikira chombo awa ndi masiku makumi asanu. Oyendetsa chombo uyu ali anthu zosakwana zikwi ziwiri. chifukwa ichi, chimene mosavuta kuposa masiku ano ndege nyukiliya onyamula Russia. Features Ndipotu anaika ena makumi atatu zapitazo, choncho palibe kudabwa. Koma si onse, mungaphunzire zokhudza ndege nyukiliya chonyamulira, ili mu Russian Navy lero.

zida

Popeza kuti sitimayo ili ndi nkhondo, ndi kupita akonzedwa yaikulu ya zida zosiyanasiyana, ndi za iye tsopano ndi ayankhidwa. "Asilikali Kuznetsov" monyadira navigation "Beysur" dongosolo, amene amalola pazipita umalimbana moto. Musanawerenge zida mwachindunji, ayenera tione ku zipangizo Rada - iwo ali m'ngalawamo mokwanira. Pa gulu pali asanu ndi awiri osiyana wamba kudziwika radars, komanso awiri siteshoni ndege kulamulira. Komanso kulabadira zamagetsi la - pa bolodi pali nkhondowo kasamalidwe zambiri dongosolo "lumberjack" zovuta kulankhulana "Buran-2", ndi zambiri.

Chabwino, tsopano mukhoza kulabadira manja - mu malo oyamba ndi Dziwani asanu ndi mfuti odana ndege, anaikira zipolopolo 48 chikwi. "Lubwe", 4 odana ndege mzinga, "Dirk" zovuta launchers anayi "zigawenga" kuchokera mzinga m'sitimayo ndi 12 launchers. Pali ngalawayo ndi njira kapena matenda chitetezo sitima zankhondo - awiri zotakasika zovuta, cholinga mabomba sikisite.

gulu mpweya

Tiyenera kuyang'ana pa ndege kumangopitirizabe specifications chigawo. "Asilikali Kuznetsov" lakonzedwa ndege makumi asanu, chimene chikanakhoza kuchitidwa pa bolodi. Komanso anali ankaganiza kuti palinso kupezeka ndi ndege za helikoputala. Komabe, mfundo kunapezeka pang'ono mosiyana ndi chibwenzi chombo akutumikira monga maziko onse a ndege makumi atatu, ambiri amene ali Lamulungu-33 MiG-29K.

Zam'tsogolo

Koma kodi wotsatira? kaya latsopano ndege nyukiliya chonyamulira Russia adzawoneka kuti? Kapena, kwa nthawi yaitali, "asilikali Kuznetsov" adzakhala nthumwi yekha? zaka khumi zapitazo, ku Russia anaika ziyembekezo zawo pa ntchito younikanso kubwera lamulo, umene unachitika mu 2009. Mofanana ndi kugwa kwa Soviet Union ndi maphunziro Russian Federation, ndi zaka khumi zapitazo, boma analibe mapulani kulikonse kwa gawo lino la msika usilikali. Pa nthawi yomweyo mpikisano waukulu, United States, imalankhula zonse kunachitika ake khumi nyukiliya ndege chonyamulira. Koma zimene zinachitika mu 2009? Iwo anali utoto dongosolo kale kuti mu 2020, ndipo ndege nyukiliya onyamula pali sizinapezekebe. Kotero kuti latsopano ndege nyukiliya chonyamulira Russia koma anaonekera ngakhale pa pepala - lilili mpaka yekha mu mawu, ndipo womkanikizawo, osati zachitikadi ofunda wa anthu ovomerezeka.

prototypes

Ndipotu, ntchito pa ndondomeko ya ndege onyamula kale yofuna, koma Russian Navy adzalandira mbadwo watsopano wa nyukiliya zoyendetsedwa ndege chonyamulira, nthawi yayitali. Ndithudi osati 2020. Nthawi zina, magwero inanena kuti ndegeyo zonyamulira za Russian kutsogolera ntchito ku mayiko ena, koma nthawi inadutsa uthenga ndi chithunzi cha polojekiti lidzaonekera nyukiliya onyamula ndege la Russia. Photo zikusonyeza mawonekedwe a sitima, amene akanatha kunyamula nambala yaikulu ndege ndi kuthetsa bulky dongosolo lalikulu ndipo adzabweretsa ulamuliro nsanja yaing'ono.

Medvedev analangiza

Komabe, chiyembekezo anthu anatsitsimulidwa mu 2015, pamene wotchedwa Dmitry Medvedev analamula Utumiki silikhali kuyamba osauka makonzedwe kukhazikitsa kwa nyukiliya ndege zonyamulira. Icho chidzakhala kutali zovuta chifukwa mukudziwa kale - zombo zonse za mtundu uwu mu Russia, ndi ngakhale Soviet Union amangidwe. Nyukiliya ndege chonyamulira - si chinthu chomwecho, kuti katundu ndege kumangopitirizabe cruiser, kotero luso adzayenera ntchito chosiyana. Koma, mulimonse, ndi Zoneneratu kwambiri chidaliro onena kuti mu 2020 akupatsidwa dongosolo kulenga woyamba ndege nyukiliya onyamula, anafuna kuti Russian apanyanja.