Lamulo pa primogeniture. Chaka 1714 TH

1714 ku Russia zinali zodzaza ndi zikamera wa dongosolo latsopano. Peter Ine anasaina lamulo latsopano "Pa primogeniture", motero amayesetsa kuthetsa kugawikana zigawo ambiri wolemekezeka ndi kukopa anthu kwa utumiki wa Mfumu kwa asilikali. Lamulo limeneli n'kukulemberani kuchoka malo ndi munthu mmodzi yekha - wamkulu mwana, kapena chifuniro cha mlimi wina.

Chinthu chofunika

Mu 1714, Peter akutenga lamulo "Pa primogeniture" kufufuta malire pakati pa mfundo yonena za "patrimony" (umwini dziko lomwe lili ndi mbuye ang'onoang'ono, ndi lamanja la zogulitsa, chopereka) ndi chuma. Ichi ndi opindulitsa pa mfumu, monga munthu wolandira cholowa akhale ndi moyo utumiki wa Mfumu. Komanso zinachititsa kuti kulimbitsa chuma cha landlords lapansi.

Kodi lamulo "Pa primogeniture" mchikakamizo cha Kumadzulo chinaperekedwa?

Poyamba, munthu akhoza kuganiza kuti Petro anali mchikakamizo cha mayiko a azungu, iye ankafuna kuti a cholowa mu England, Venice, France. Potengera zitsanzo yachilendo, Peter ndatsimikiza mtima kulanda katundu lonse wina, mwana wamkulu.

Lamulo "Pa primogeniture" zimasiyana mnzake European, alibe ufulu kwa umwini katundu yekha mwana wamkulu, ndipo anaitana woika m'malo aliyense, kupatulapo akufinya malo, zigawo.

Choncho, anaona mapangidwe katundu mfulu, mwalamulo anali ndi maganizo osiyana kwambiri ndi kulanda katundu ndi cholowa. Peter walenga ndi mfundo yekha chisa angaperekedwe kwa zaka zambiri yolumikiza cholowa lopitirira ndi cholowa mwini utumiki.

Lamulo "Pa primogeniture": utumiki monga njira kupeza chuma

Act anali cholinga chachikulu cha moyo kunkhondo. Kuchokera pamenepa, anayesa kuthawa m'njira zosiyanasiyana, koma boma kwambiri adzalanga anthu amene sanali kuoneka pa nthawi yomweyo.

Mu lamulo ili zambiri kuipa: tsopano mwiniwake sayenera kugulitsa kapena kubweza katundu. Ndipotu Petro kuitanako, ndi kusiyana pakati pa ulamuliro wa munda, kupanga latsopano malamulo mawonekedwe umwini. Kuti anatchulidwa lamulo "Pa primogeniture" anatero ndipo panalibe njira ina yozungulira ichi, Peter Ine akubweretsa msonkho waukulu (antchito) pa malonda a yokhudza malo (ngakhale ana wolemekezeka).

M'tsogolo, lamulo waletsa kugula munda kwa ana aang'ono, ngati iwo anasiya nthawi zina asilikali (kutanthauza Cadet Corps). Ngati njonda, mfundo sanatumikirepo, ndiye kupeza umwini dziko lawo anakhala zosatheka. Kusintha ichi sanathe nawoloka, monga usilikali sanatenge, koma ngati munthu zizindikiro bwino maganizo kapena matenda aakulu.

Cholowa cha malo

Lamulo Peter "pa primogeniture" zaka malinga ndi dongosolo la ulamuliro. Ndi zaka 20 kulowa akhoza kutaya umwini dziko, ndi zaka 18 analoledwa kutsogolera katundu makina akazi, Kusintha anawonjezera zaka 17. Izi ndi zaka m'nkhani Russia ukwati. Kumlingo chilamulo ichi kuteteza ufulu wa ana: wolowa ankafunika kusunga chuma chenicheni cha abale ndi alongo awo wamng'ono, kuwasamalira kwa ufulu wawo wonse kuvomereza cholowa.

Akamanena za lamulo la Peter I

Pakati otchuka panali kusakhutira, monga chikalatacho chinalembedwa mu mtima wa munthu wosakwatiwa, nthawi zambiri kukakamiza ena kuti apitirize kukhala pa umphawi. Katundu sakubwera kwa mwana wake wamkazi, mwamuna wake anali kutenga dzina lotsiriza la testator, ndipo mwinamwake ndi kusintha onse boma. Pa nkhani ya imfa ya mwana wamkulu pamaso cholowa cha atate wake zapita mwana wake lotsatira mkulu, osati mdzukulu wa testator lapansi.

Akamanena za lamulo "Pa primogeniture" anagona mu chakuti ngati mwana njonda woyamba m'banja asanafe, munda wathunthu mwana zotsatirazi (komanso kuti mkulu). Posowa ana wolowa ndi chuma lonse zapita wachibale mkulu mu yapafupi digiri zimakhalira. Ngati testator atamwalira anakhalabe mkazi wamasiye, iye analandira umwini moyo chuma cha mwamuna wake, koma ndi Kusintha mu 1716, iye anali kutenga wina wachinayi malo.

The kusakhutira a anthu olemekezeka ndi chiyembekezo chakuti lamulo

Lamulo Peter ndinakumana ndi kusakhutira kwambiri anthu, monga bwanji zofuna za amazikonda anthu otchuka. Kumasulira lamulo anatsutsana paokha. Anthu otchuka kodi ndi malingaliro a mfumu pa lamulo "Pa primogeniture." Chaka 1725 anabweretsa woyamba kusintha kwakukulu poslablyaya unsembe koyamba. Zimenezi chikwiyire ndi kusowa kuposa luntha, ndi chifukwa mu 1730 izo anathetsa Mfumukazi Anna Ivanovna. The chifukwa boma chifukwa Kulipira lamulo chinali kuchita sikunali kotheka kuti tikwaniritse viability chuma chuma cholowa weniweni.

Lofalitsidwa ndi Peter I mu 1714 lamulo "Pa primogeniture" Anatsogolera chakuti mu njira zonse zotheka makolo anayesa kugawa chuma chake mofanana pakati pa ana onse.

Lamulo limeneli wakhala kuzindikiridwa kuti zimakhudzidwa tinatengera ana onse aamuna ndi ana a womwalirayo. Adzukulu wa womwalirayo analandira gawo la bambo ake omwe anamwalira kale testator lapansi. Kuphatikizapo cholowa kuitanidwa ndi achibale ndi mkazi wa womwalirayo, kuti akalandire malo ake pa chuma. Popeza achibale abale womwalirayo tinatengera anadutsa mkulu. Ngati testator analibe achibale kapena zinachitikira chokana pa cholowa cha makina ndi osasunthika katundu kunditumiza ku boma.