Salmon banja. Mitundu ya nsomba

Salmon banja ndi mbali imodzi yofunika kwambiri pa nsomba malonda. nyama ananenera katundu zopindulitsa, chifukwa lili ndi Omega-3. madyedwe awo zakudya m'thupi la munthu amachepetsa mlingo wa mafuta m'thupi m'magazi, motero kumathandiza matenda osiyanasiyana a dongosolo mtima.

Kufotokozera za m'banja

Salmon banja zikuphatikizapo nsomba ndi m'malo elongated, wazikang'a thupi. mutu awo wamaliseche, tinyanga ndi kwina. Waukulu zimasiyanitsa mbali ya banja la nsomba - pamaso pa adipose chipsyepsye, amene alibe ceza. Iwonso dorsal chipsyepsye, pali pakati cheza 10 mpaka 16. Maso nsomba nsomba yokutidwa ndi lids mandala. zazikazi ndi mazira thumba losunga mazira umalowa mu M'mimbamo thupi, ndipo muzikachokera kudzera m'maenje - madzi. Kudziwa mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya nsomba, koma zonsezi ndi mbali imodzi. Anthu angathe kusintha maonekedwe awo malingana momwe zachilengedwe ziriri, komanso awo mkombero moyo. Mwachitsanzo, maonekedwe awo amasandulika zosiyana pa spawning. Iwo makamaka atengeke kusintha amuna amene amapeza mtundu wa ukwati chovala. mtundu wawo ku imvi amakhala akuda ndi yamawangamawanga wa wakuda, ofiira kapena yowala mithunzi magenta. Khungu coarsens, ilo limakula mamba. Nsagwada wopindidwa, kukula mano. Pa nsana pali hump. Akatswiri pali Mabaibulo osiyanasiyana maonekedwe a nsomba kuswana zikuuluka. Ena Chikhalidwe ichi kubwerera ku maonekedwe a makolo awo, ndi zina - kutsogoleredwa ndi timadzi, ena amakhulupirira kuti kusintha limachititsa kukopa zazikazi.

Gawo

Salmon banja, anthu amene ndi chokoma ndi thanzi nyama, anawagawa subfamilies awiri:

• Kwenikweni Salmon;
• Whitefish.

Oimira subfamily whitefish amasiyana pakamwa yaing'ono, mamba zazikulu ndi makhalidwe a dongosolo a Chigaza lapansi. Wachinsinsi nsomba a m'banja nsomba, ndipo ndiwe wa mtundu makamaka:

• Pacific nsomba zimapezeka Pacific. Mamba ndi sing'anga kakulidwe kapena laling'ono, lalikulu red-lalanje mazira. Mbali ya miyoyo ya nsomba ndi imfa yawo pambuyo spawning. Mitundu ya nsomba a mtundu tihookeansomu: chum, pinki nsomba, coho nsomba, chinook, sockeye.

• Izi nsomba kuti wamfupi munali cheza ochepa chipsyepsye Pacific kuposa anzawo. mbalame Young Mano pa kumbuyo kwa mafupa coulter. Nsomba izi zinasintha maonekedwe ake a nthawi zonse pa "ukwati chovala" nyengo spawning, koma sanafe pambuyo pake. Iwo amakhala mbali ya kumpoto Atlantic, Pacific. Angapezeke mu Nyanja Black, ndi Aral, Caspian ndipo Baltic Pacific. Pakuti nsomba weniweni khalidwe mamba yowala mitundu.

• Loaches ndi mbali ya banja nsomba, mndandanda wa mayina awo, ngakhale wamkulu monga ya Pacific nsomba. mtundu Izi zikufanana ndi nsomba weniweni, koma nthumwi zake mulibe mano ku fupa coulter ndi kowala Umboni Wopereŵera ochekenera.

pinki nsomba

Zofunika chakudya nsomba za banja nsomba - nsomba. Ndi oimira ochuluka kuposa Pacific nsomba. Salmon mtundu wa sing'anga-kakulidwe, wautali kufika pazipita 76 cm, pazipita kulemera - 5.5 makilogalamu. Iwo amakhala Nyanja kumpoto kwa Japan, pa gombe la Kamchatka ku nyanja ya Okhotsk. Image wa nsomba zimasiyanasiyana malinga ndi malo Okhazikikamo ake. Pa nyanja, nsomba ali ndi mamba yowala kumbuyo zambiri mawanga yaing'ono mdima. Pamene tikuyandikira spawning nsomba ndi mbadwa mumtsinje (nsomba, monga tanena kusintha maonekedwe awo nthawi imeneyi) akukhala bulauni, mutu ndi zipsepse - pafupifupi wakuda. Monga mimba amasunga akale kuwala mtundu. Analemba m'dera kumbuyo amalima hump yaikulu kwambiri kusinthidwa chibwano, limene kuli mano.

The moyo amayembekezeka pinki nsomba - pafupifupi miyezi 18. M'chaka chachiwiri pafupifupi anthu tikule kugonana, akukonzekera zimaswana. Zimachitika kuchokera June kuti September, nthawi zimatengera malo okhala. m'madera spawning zili pa mtsinje, yomwe ili pafupi kwambiri ku nyanja. Pa nkhani imeneyi, njira kwa iwo nsomba zimatenga nthawi zambiri zosakwana ziwalo zina za Pacific nsomba. Mulingo woyenera kutentha kwa madzi m'mitsinje spawning - kuchokera madigiri 6 mpaka 14. Caviar-anachedwa akazi spawning mitundu protuberance. Chakumapeto September, izo zikuyamba mphutsi, amene kumatenga, malingana ndi nyengo ya spawning, mpaka January. Kuchokera April kwa July, pali kuyenda mu mwachangu nyanja. Choyamba, iwo zili mitsinje, amatumizidwa madzi m'mphepete mwa nyanja. Ndi October, kawirikawiri imayamba pa moyo wawo nyanja.

galu nsomba

China chofunika kuti malonda phindu nsomba - ndi chum, chithunzi cha amene angapezeke mu mabuku a sayansi. Kamakhala mu North Pacific. Nsomba ali ndi mtundu siliva, amene amasintha ndi spawning likuyandikira. Mamba mdima, pa thupi kuoneka mikwingwirima bulauni. Ndi chiyambi cha nsomba spawning amakhala pafupifupi wakuda, mtundu kusintha, ngakhale m'kamwa ndi lilime. Keta, zithunzi zomwe m'kati kudya, ndi ukasintha wosiyana kwa anagwidwa mu nthawi ya kulowa mtsinje. Oimira mitundu anawagawa m'chilimwe ndi yophukira mitundu. Keta yotentha akupitiriza spawning mu July oyambirira - m'ma August. Akafika kutalika pazipita masentimita 80. The yophukira chum nsomba limakula 1 m, misa ndi apamwamba kuposa mbalame chilimwe. nsomba zimaswana kumapeto August - oyambirira September. Chum mpaka mitsinje zambiri kuposa nsomba, njira zambiri kumafunika nthawi. Chifukwa cha ichi, nsomba zambiri zimaswana kale pansi pa kutumphuka ayezi. Pankhaniyi, kwa mibadwo yotentha chum pali kuthekera kwa imfa chifukwa cha yozizira koopsa kwambiri mitsinje yaing'ono, pamene ilo lagona mazira ake. M'dzinja chum zimaswana m'madera nthaka madzi kuti musati amaundana kwambiri, choncho mwachangu kupulumuka mpaka masika, pamene iwo achoke timabamputimabampu spawning ndi pansi m'nyanja.

wofiira nsomba

mitundu ya nsomba ali ndi nsomba banja. Oimira Pacific nsomba - sockeye. Ambiri anayala nsomba pafupi ndi gombe American ya Pacific Ocean. Kuchuluka wamkulu wa ake olembedwa Alaska. Pa gawo la dziko lathu sockeye ndi n'kukhala kwambiri kuposa chum kapena pinki nsomba. nsomba Ichi chimabwera makamaka mitsinje ya Kamchatka ndi Anadyr. Komanso nsomba wapatali wa banja nsomba anapita Mtsinje Kurile, Commander Islands. nyama yake ndi ofiira owala mu mtundu, ndi zabwino, kukoma wokhathamira.

Nthawi wake wa m'madzi moyo sockeye nsomba ali ndi mtundu silvery thupi, koma kumbuyo ndi mdima buluu mikwingwirima. Kusintha maonekedwe ake mu nyengo mating. Pisces angatchuleponso okha mbali ofiira owala, zobiriwira mutu ndi zipsepse chofiira. Khalidwe kuswana nthenga pinki ndi chum nsomba mu wakuda mu mtundu sockeye pafupifupi palibe. Pali chabe mawanga akuda pa mchira kapena thupi. Spawning akuyamba oyambirira, kawirikawiri mu May kapena June zimatha mpaka kumapeto kwa dzinja. Mbali yaikulu ya achinyamata akutsika m'nyanja mpaka chaka chamawa pambuyo amasulidwe mazira, zomwe zimachitika m'ma yozizira. Anthu ena kukhala mu mtsinje kwa zaka 3. Komabe, palinso anthu ochita ndi mbadwa m'nyanja kwa chaka kuchokera mazira. Kukhwima sockeye anafika chaka 6 wa moyo.

coho

Coho kwambiri za Pacific nsomba amakonda kutentha. Pa gawo la dziko lathu si wamba, pa gombe Asian ya Pacific Ocean amalembedwa maulendo ambiri ayi mwa nsomba mu mtsinje. Nthawi zambiri yekha anapezeka ku Kamchatka. Chinthu chapadera cha coho nsomba - silvery ake owala mamba. Pa spawning, kumakhaladi kapezi. Mu coho kutalika akhoza kufika pa 84 cm, pafupifupi kukula kwa anthu -. Masentimita 60 Pa spawning coho mochedwa - kumapeto September. Nthawiyi kumatenga pafupifupi mpaka March. Spawning ankanena kuti pansi ayezi kutumphuka. Mwachangu mazira pambuyo zaka 1-2 moyo mu mtsinje, ndiyeno kugwa m'nyanja. Nthawiyi la moyo la coho yochepa. Pakuti m'chaka chachitatu cha anthu tikule pogonana ndi kufa pambuyo spawning.

chinook

Mfumu Salmon ndi nthumwi yaikulu ya banja nsomba. m'litali ndi 90 masentimita pafupifupi koma palinso anthu wokulirapo yolemera makilogalamu 50. Ngakhale zili chomwechi, Chinook n'kopindulitsa zofunika malonda, chiwerengero chake mu Russia ndi otsika mu dziko lathu. Kudzaonana ndi mfumu nsomba mu Asia Pacific gombe okha mitsinje ya Kamchatka, pamene izo zifika zimaswana. Iye akuyamba kuyambira m'ma May ndipo kukupitirirabe chilimwe. Chinook nsomba zimaswana msanga mu mafunde amphamvu, monga chifukwa cha kukula kwake ndi kuima chitsutsire bwino. zimapangitsa mchira dzenje ukuluukulu, amene amaikira mazira ake. The mwachangu akupezeka mu mtsinje motalika kokwanira, ndiye falitsani ku nyanja uko. nthawi imeneyi Chinook adzachotsa kwa zaka 4 mpaka 7.

nsomba mfulu

The nsomba mfulu zambiri amatchedwa nsomba. Nsomba chachikulu kufika kutalika pafupifupi 1.5 mamita. ake kulemera Choncho mpaka makilogalamu 39. Mtundu mu munthu wolemekezeka nsomba siliva, monga pamwamba pa mzere lateral anapeza mawanga ochepa mdima amatikumbutsa mawonekedwe ake kalata "X". Mbali ya mamba thupi ndi kulocha bluish. Nagulivayas pa nyanja, nsomba chakudya pa nsomba yaing'ono, nkhanu. Ndi isanayambike nsomba spawning kusiya kudya palimodzi ndi kupita kumusi ku mtsinje mu wokongola emaciated. Ukwati chovala si limaonetseratu. Iye ndi kunachita mdima wa mamba thupi ndi maonekedwe a mawanga lalanje. Spawning chikuchitika, malingana ndi malo nsomba mu kugwa kapena yozizira. Salmon roe kukula pang'onopang'ono, ndi mwachangu kutuluka yekha mu kasupe mochedwa - oyambirira chilimwe. Komabe, iwo kukhala nthawi yaitali kukhala mu madzi abwino. Nthawi yomasuka awo m'nyanja zimasiyanasiyana chaka 1 mpaka zaka 5. Akuluakulu kufa pambuyo spawning si nthawi zonse, zina nsomba, ngakhale kwambiri kuwonda ndi zipsepse kukulumbutsuk, abwerere ku nyanja. Pali mwamsanga kudya kutali ndi kubwezeretsedwa, pamene kachiwiri spawning nsomba wolemekezeka anati mu yosowa kwambiri. nsomba ndi moyo mpaka zaka 13.

nsomba mumapezeka nsomba

Nathenje, kapena nsomba, mumapezeka nsomba, akhoza kusiyana kwa mtundu wolemekezeka wa nsomba. The mawanga pa thupi lake zili onse pamwamba ndi pansi pa mzere lateral. Pa mutu ndi dorsal chipsyepsye imakonzedwa kuzungulira mawanga akuda. Amakhala mumapezeka nsomba mu Nyanja Black, Nyanja Baltic, ndi Aral Sea. Komabe, izo sizimapanga izo yaikulu migrations zambiri zogwirizana madzi abwino. Mu mumapezeka nsomba kutalika ukufika 30 cm 70 mu thupi kuchokera makilogalamu 1 mpaka 5. Mosiyana ndi nsomba zabwino, nsomba mumapezeka nsomba, ati zimaswana, chikudziwikabe chakudya, ngakhale monga kwambiri ngati m'nyanja. Mwachangu okhwima kwa zaka 3 mpaka 7, kenako kupita ku nyanja.

nyanja mumapezeka nsomba

Nyanja mumapezeka nsomba - ndi mumapezeka nsomba kuti si kupitirira mitsinje ndi nyanja. nsomba moyo mu madzi bwino ndi kuzizira ndipo zimaswana m'mitsinje ndi kudya panopa loyenda m'nyanja. mtundu pa kudyetsa mumapezeka nsomba akufanana mumapezeka nsomba. Pa spawning nyengo kusintha mtundu, pali ukwati chovala. Akazi ndi yowala mamba mdima, amuna kuonekera kwa iye monga mikwingwirima mdima lalanje. Ndipo kusintha mtundu wa zipsepse ndi. Akazi, iwo mdima ndi chipsyepsye ventral amuna amakhala pinki kapena lalanje yowala.

loach

Pali anthu nsomba, amene maina awo mwachindunji zokhudzana ndi maonekedwe awo. Loaches Mwachitsanzo, nalo dzina lake chifukwa cha mamba ang'onoang'ono, chifukwa thupi lawo limapezeka wamaliseche. Iwo kunafalikira zokwanira. Mu Magadan ndi Kamchatka, pali pafupifupi 10 ya nsomba a m'banja nsomba. Loaches angakhale bushing, amene kudya nyanja, komanso zogona. Yotsirizira sangakhoze konse kupita kunyanja, ena ngakhale moyo akupezeka nyanja, ataima madzi ndi spawning chikuchitika.