Sitimayo nangula. Anchor Matrosov: kapangidwe

Zingatanthauze kuti n'zotheka kulankhula za nangula? Zambiri pa Koyamba, kapangidwe. Koma n'chofunikira yaikulu mu moyo chombo. Ntchito yaikulu ya nangula - ngalawayo adzatsekeredwa womangidwa kwa dziko, kulikonse kumene anali, mu nyanja kapena pa gombe. Powerboat kapena yatchi, sitima sitima, kapena Mipikisano matani Pamadzi - kayendedwe abwino danga nyanja chotengera zimadalira kudalirika kwa anangula a.

Anchor ziwembu zayambika zaka mazana ambiri. Kudalirika chomasuka ntchito, kulemera - lililonse chizindikiro zatsimikiziridwa mwa nyanja yokha, kuwerengera mtunda kuyendetsa sitima zapamadzi. anangula kwambiri ndi mayina ofanana: admiralty, ayezi, khasu, mphaka. Koma pali anangula dzina la Mlengi wawo. Pakati woyamba kapangidwe odalirika kuwomba maina: Nyumba ndi amalinyero, Danforth, Bruce Byers, Boldt.

"Anchor unyolo mphete ku doko la ... 'kapena Ogwira Ntchito M'sitima nangula

Anchor ayenera kuonetsetsa otetezeka berthing chombo, ngalawa kapena yatchi m'misewu ndi pa nyanja. Komanso, nangula kungathandize kwambiri kuthetsa mavuto ena:

• Izo zimasokoneza sayenda chotengera pa mooring anakwera ngalawa ina kapena mooring mu nyengo siili, mafunde amphamvu, ochita potsegula ntchito.
• Amalola kukhota otetezeka malo sachoka (mwachitsanzo mu yopapatiza Harbor).
• Mwamsanga kuzima nacho inertia ndi kusiya chombo akamakumana kugunda.
• Kuthandiza refloat m'chombo ndi ogwira ntchito.

Mbali nangula kapangidwe (unyolo hawse mipope) nthawi zina pamene towing.

Nkhani ina kumene nangula ntchito, zikhoza kugawidwa m'magulu awiri.

Woyamba gulu - ntchito mwadzidzidzi: zinthu komwe nangula ndi kusunga m'chombo ku mphepo mphamvu pazipita ndi roughness wa kunyanja.

Gulu lachiwiri - ntchito tsiku ndi tsiku kuti aima mu nyengo yabwino

Kapangidwe ka armature ndi

Uta wa chombo - malo chipangizo lokhazikika ili. Zina dongosolo nangula yakwera kumbuyo ziwiya lalikulu, Zombo ndi tugboats. Izi zimaphatikizapo mwachindunji akazike, nangula unyolo kapena chingwe, unyolo bokosi chipangizo chimene unyolo nangula amamangiriridwa ku thupi la chombo fairlead, ndi pakamwapo, ndi spire ndi windlass ndi omwe akutipatsa zikubweretsa ndipo Nangula.

Ndipo kodi palokha nangula mu miyendo zitsulo amene ali otetezedwa sitima, adalira ndi okwera paulendowu?

Anchor - ndi kapangidwe wapadera (welded, osewera kapena wopeka) lomwe limalephera pansi amagwira chotengeracho mwa nangula unyolo kapena chingwe. Amakhala ndi zinthu zosiyanasiyana:

Spindle (kotenga bala) ndi lokhazikika bulaketi mu gawo chapamwamba - ntchito bulaketi izi Ufumuyo unyolo nangula;

Miyendo ndi nyanga, omwe amagwira kwa n'kupuma spindle kapena swivel.

Ife anangula ndi ndodo, pamwamba pa spindle ndi wokwera ndodo yopingasa utithandize likhale mphamvu.

Anchor kapangidwe cholinga, mtundu

Mwa maikidwe chombo anangula ndi:

• Wothandiza: anangula VERP, Dreki, amphaka, ayezi. Udindo wa anangula wothandiza - kuthandiza kuima pa nkhani zina: pamene kukwera ndi alighting m'basimo, potsegula ndi katundu, kuchotsa sitimayo shoal ndi, chotengera angakhale ndi ayezi munda m'mphepete.
• Akhala: Pa chilichonse chotengera, pazikhala 3 (2 fairleads, 1 - pa sitimayo).

Mwa njira zochepa chabe pamalangizo nthaka m'magulu awiri.

Gulu loyamba ndi la armature, amene kutenga nthaka (m. E. Burrow mmenemo) mu mphamvu imodzi. Kwenikweni izi zikuphatikizapo admiralty nangula.

ophatikizana nangula mu gulu lina mukumveka pansi ndi miyendo iwiri: Nyumba nangula, Byers, Boldt, grusonia-Hein, Matrosov.

Akhala nangula ayenera kutsatira muyezo zotsatirazi:

• mphamvu;
• mwamsanga adzabwere;
• chabwino nthaka zitsanzo zosankhidwazi;
• pang'ono kulekana ndi nthaka mu kukweza;
• yabwino fastener udindo "mu malo ake stowed."

Imodzi mwa muyezo zofunika - lalikulu akugwira mphamvu, kuti ndi mphamvu pazipita amayezedwa makilogalamu, muulamuliro amene nangula akubwera kuchokera mu nthaka ndi adzatha kusunga bwato "pa zana chala".

Yakor- "asilikali"

Admiralty nangula tinganenedi ankaona Mwamunayu mwa anangula sitimayo. Mwina woimira okha a nyumba ndi katundu. Ngakhale kuti iye anali m'malo ano ndi odalirika chitsanzo, komabe akukwaniritsa udindo wake mu ngalawa asilikali. Ichi ndi chifukwa cha ntchito zake zosiyanasiyana za kamangidwe.

Kutsimikiziridwa zaka kumanga Admiralty nangula momveka: atathana miyendo ndi nyanga akuponyedwa kapena wopeka ndi spindle ndi kupanga limodzi lonse, wopanda zinthu zina makina. Tsinde - matabwa kapena zitsulo. Ntchito yake - kuthandiza mofulumira mpanda nthaka ndi lolondola lathu nangula tigwiritsitse pansi.

Kamangidwe yaying'ono kwambiri makutu: tsinde aikidwa pamodzi spindle, ndi zitsanzo panopa apangidwe ndi miyendo. Zimenezi zimatithandiza yosungiramo ndi mayendedwe a nangula pa ulendo wa.

ubwino ikugwira ntchito yaikulu likhale mphamvu (chiŵerengero wake ndi wofanana 10-12), amene ali wamkulu kuposa ambiri "anzake" ndi kulemera chomwecho.

"Asilikali" ndi kupirira ndi malo alionse: sanachite wa miyala yonse ikuluikulu, imene nthawi zambiri munakhala wake "anzake" kapena sioneka kugwilizana ndi matope kapena stratum m'madzi algae.

The kuipa zikuphatikizapo panyanja wakale-powerengetsera ndi ambiance pa bulkiness, Kuvuta kupezeka - eneyi chakuti ndi zovuta kwa phiri malo stowed ndipo ayenera kufulumira kupereka. Nangula linapanga chitsulo kupereka zofunika okhwima khalidwe zakuthupi ndi yonama - imbaendesa munthu ku mtengo wake mkulu.

Tsinde zambiri amalephera: anaŵerama chitsulo, ndi nkhuni kuwonongeka ngale, ndi osalimba ndi sakhalitsa.

Kusambira mu nthaka, phazi limodzi kumutulutsira, naonekera kuopseza madzi osaya ngalawa, ndi kuchita nyanga pansi akhoza anazolowera ndipo opiringizidwa nangula unyolo.

Nyumba nangula

Mu 1988, ku England Hall setifiketi nangula dzina lake. nangula chimenechi ankaona Mwamunayu wa yapamadzi, kokha rodless. Kamangidwe imakhala ndi spindle ndi miyendo iwiri, kuumbidwa pamodzi ndi bokosi.

Yoteroyo ndi zachilendo mu dongosolo ili: ndi mawonekedwe mosabisa, ndi kugwedezeka akhoza zimayenda nguli lapansi.

Bokosi ndi mphamvu kulemetsedwa mafunde ndi bulges mu mawonekedwe a masamba. ntchito yawo - atembenuza miyendo, kuwachititsa kupita mu nthaka kuti akuya amene nthawi 4 kutalika kwa tines okha. Zimenezi n'zofunika kwambiri makamaka ngati nthaka ndi ofooka ndi ayenera kwambiri yolimbitsira kukwaniritsa maziko olimba.

The mwayi wakuti wa Nyumba anangula amaonedwa opondapo atagwira mphamvu umabwerera mwamsanga (izo angaperekedwe paulendo, ndipo, njira imeneyi akubwerera ngakhale amathandiza kudzapeza m'manda mphamvu) ndi zosavuta yoyeretsa ya fairlead lapansi.

M'madzi osaya si owopsa kwa ziwiya zina, kuyambira miyendo kugona kuphwa pansi, misampha nangula unyolo kapena chingwe kuzungulira mapazi ndi zotheka.

Ndi mamangidwe a kuipa komanso za kusadalirika kwa anangula yolusa mu zikuchokera sakanikira wa nthaka mwambo makokedwe kapena pamene munali kudutsa m'misewu otseguka pamene malangizo a mphepo kapena mafunde pamene armature akuyamba amalowa mu kumalavula. Pankhaniyi, pamene wamphamvu kugwedezeka nangula akubwera kuchokera mu nthaka, kenako kapswa kukulitsa mafosholo amakwanitsa nagresti mulu wa dothi. Ichi ndi chifukwa mtunda kwambiri pakati pa miyendo. Komanso, hinge bokosi mwina kupanikizana pamene anaimba mchenga kapena miyala.

Pamene retracting nangula fairlead pamene kukonza yoteroyo sangathe nthawi zonse kutenga zokha anakhumba maudindo awo chifukwa cha pakati yokoka malo si bwino.

nangula Matrosov

nangula ici pakati pa kapangidwe zambiri zamakono ndi kuchuluka atagwira mphamvu. Analenga Soviet injiniya I. R. Matrosovym mu chaka 1946, iye kuwonjezekeredwa ubwino ndi kuthetsa zovuta za yoteroyo mitundu iwiri ya anangula: mapazi amodzi (monga admiralty) ndi pivoting (Hall nangula).

nangula mamangidwe motere: miyendo spindle, ndodo mbali, nangula bulaketi.

Mu Matrosov dongosolo mapazi lonse swivel pafupi kwambiri spindle ndi tiri pafupi wina ndi mnzake kuti panthawi yoika m'manda mu nthaka anayamba ntchito mphamvu ikulu. M'dera la aliyense wa iwo koposa dongosolo lina nangula. Pamodzi ndi yoteroyo kuponyedwa ndodo ndi mafunde lateral. ndodo ndi kuchepetsa upwardly ponena za kasinthasintha olamulira a spindle lapansi. cholinga chake - kuteteza nangula ku monyang'ama ndi kuwonjezeka atagwira mphamvu, zimalowera pansi yoteroyo wake.

Ubwino wa kamangidwe ndi mtendere wa zojambula pansi, lalikulu likhale mphamvu ngakhale pa mchenga zofewa ndi dothi silty ndi matanthwe, zimakhalanso kuwala kulemera ndi chomasuka Anabweza mu fairlead pa kukonza. Kumayambiriro kwa chotengera pa 360 ⁰ akugwirizira molimba mtima.

Iwo ali kapangidwe kuipa. Pansi mwamphamvu pa siteji koyamba malowedwe nangula osakhazikika. Ngati miyendo inatembenuzidwira kuchokera pansi pa mpando pansi sali m'gulu, ndi nangula akupitiriza amalowa. Danga pakati pa miyendo pa spindle kotero wopanikiza zambiri kuononga nthaka - zilibe kupereka mwayi panjira momasuka yoteroyo.

kupanga

Matrosov nangula likupezeka m'Mabaibulo awiri:

• welded (welded m'kamwa)
• zonse kulemera kuumbidwa (kuumbidwa m'kamwa)

Luso muyezo nangula Matrosov - GOST 8497-78. Izo ntchito anangula, amene amagwiritsidwa ntchito pa sitima pamwamba, maboti ndi maofesi akuyandama kumtunda.

Zofunika ndi magawo chimafotokozera kulemera (kulemera kwa nangula)

welded nangula

Welded nangula Matrosov chopangidwa pa 5 kg kuti 35 dzimbiri kapena zitsulo TACHIMATA ndi anodized kapena utoto TACHIMATA.

Anangula yokutidwa ndi utoto, amafuna chisamaliro zina (yoyeretsa ya dzimbiri ndi utoto), monga utoto msanga anang'amba pansi. Anodic ❖ kuyanika zambiri zosagwira, koma ndi nkhani ku mantha thupi kukhudzana ndi nthaka. The ambiri akupitirizabe nyumba welded - anangula welded zosapanga dzimbiri.

kuponya nangula

Aloyi anangula anapanga Matrosov kulemera kwa makilogalamu 25 1500.

Iwo kawirikawiri kuponyedwa ku chitsulo chosungunula ndi TACHIMATA ndi anodic mafunsidwe kapena utoto.

Anchor Matrosov adaponyamo Baibulo woyendetsa wakhala bwinobwino anawayesa ziwiya nyanja nsomba m'malo ntchito. Ubwino wa izo kutsogolo kwa Nyumba nangula anali angatsutse.

Ndipo kodi bwino?

Popeza zosiyanasiyana anangula sitima palibe kungoyankha kuti funso la mtundu wanji wa mamangidwe abwino.

Komabe, zoyesa kudziwa kukula kwa akugwira ntchito pa nthaka zosiyanasiyana anasonyeza kuti nangula Matrosov nthawi 4 admiralty ndi Nyumba ndi kulemera ofanana.

Nangula ogwira ntchito ndi ziwiya kumtunda waterway, zombo mtsinje, maboti ndi ma yatchi. Pa zombo za Navy kuchita ntchito monga logwirizira.