Sir Arthur Conan Doyle: Mlembi "Sherlock Holmes" osati

Detective, Mosakayika mmodzi wa Mitundu wotchuka kwambiri ndi kuzindikira mabuku. Chinthu choyamba chimene chimabwera m'maganizo mwanu mukamva mawu - ofufuza kufufuza kuphedwa mwankhanza ndende kapena zosamvetsetseka chinsinsi. Pomwepo mukukumbukira mayina woyang'anira wotchuka: Abiti Marple, Allan Pinkerton, Erkyul Puaro ndipo, ndithudi, Sherlock Holmes. dzina lake wakhala m'banja dzina amatanthauza munthu ndi luso chodabwitsa deductive ndi zapamwamba zomveka kuganiza. Zolemba za Zopatsa wa anthu ofufuza za kale zapamwamba za mabuku, koma anthu ochepa mukudziwa zimene anali mlembi wa Sherlock Holmes - Sir Arthur Conan Doyle.

Childhood ndi unyamata

Anabadwa Arthur Conan Doyle (dzina nthawi zina kulemba monga "Doyle" chifukwa cha chisokonezo ndi English) May 22, 1859 mu Edinburgh, Scotland, mwana wa wojambula ndipo wamanga. Ngakhale kuti awisi zambiri kumwa, Arthur analandira maphunziro ofunikira, ndipo zaka zisanu ndi zinayi anam'tumiza lakutali chiphaso sukulu. Mwatsoka, pa nthawi imeneyi, wolemba wakhala kukumbukira zoipa kwambiri: onyansa chakudya, chilango logwirika, mlingo wochepa wa chiphunzitso.

Koma ali pamalo pano zosasangalatsa wolemba tsogolo la "Sherlock Holmes" anatsegula talente yake kwa kulemba. Ndi chifukwa cha ichi Arthur Conan Doyle unakhala wotchuka anzawo. Pakutha zaka zisanu akuphunzira kusukulu, ngakhale anayamba kutulutsa magaziniyi komanso kuyesa nokha mu versification lapansi.

kuyambira

Mu 1876, Doyle anadzakhala wophunzira wa pa Medical la Yunivesite ya Edinburgh. Phunziro kunapatsidwa kwa iye mosavuta, nthawi ufulu zoyenera Arthur mabuku. Kale mu Chaka chachitatu, anafalitsa yochepa nkhani ya m'magazini Scotland m'chaka chomwecho, kufalitsa nkhani yake pa mankhwala mu magaziniyo otchuka. Mu 1881 iye analandira digiri zachipatala ku woyambitsa Sherlock Holmes anapita ku Africa West monga dokotala sitimayo. Izi zisanachitike, ndi njira, iye kale zinakuchitikiranipo ulendo wautali: kukaona ku Arctic sikunapite pachabe. Pochokera ulendo wina, Doyle anayamba kugwira ntchito monga dokotala, angapo zaka digiri mankhwala.

Koma kuseri nkhawa onse, sanaiwale za zilandiridwenso. Mu 1886, Arthur Conan Doyle unadziwika ngati wolemba prose. "The Zopatsa Chidwi cha Sherlock Holmes" - nkhani woyamba za ofufuza wotchuka - anaonekera periodicals.

Kutchuka ndi ... kuponya?

Mu 1889, Doyle ndi mkazi wake ndi mwana wake wamkazi wamng'ono kusiya UK. dokotala wofuna aganiza zosamukira ku Austria, kumene anaphunzitsidwa kwa kanthawi, kupita ku mankhwala ambiri kuti pochiza matenda a maso, koma patapita miyezi ingapo, banjali anabwerera ku London. Arthur kwa nthawi kutsegula ofesi payekha, kuyesera kuphatikiza mankhwala ndi mabuku, koma mu 1891 kwathunthu mu chilengedwe amatchedwa "Sherlock Holmes." Wolemba nkhani yosangalatsa tsiku lililonse kwayamba kutchuka kwambiri, iye analola kuti apatsidwe ndalama zambiri kwa nkhani, magazini ndi periodicals anali okonzeka kulipira malipiro lowoneka mwayi kusindikiza Doyle. Pa nthawi yomweyo, Arthur amayenda limodzi ndi banja lake padziko lonse, analemba, amaphunzitsa pa yunivesite zosiyanasiyana. Mu 1897, iye anabwerera ku UK, iye anayesa m'manja mwake Wolemba wina wa - ndi dziko analandira Baibulo ed a "Sherlock Holmes."

Mu December 1899 akuyamba Anglo-Boer nkhondo. Popeza anaponyedwa mndandanda wa nkhani "Sherlock Holmes" madokotala mongodzipereka anatumiza kutsogolo. Patatha zaka zitatu, Arthur Conan Doyle analandira manambala oyambirira "Bwana" ndi mutu wa Knight kwa utumiki wake kwa Korona mu nthawi yovuta nkhondo. Wake zinachitikira kumaonekera buku "The Great Boer nkhondo."

pambuyo

Nkhondo itatha, Arthur wakhala kamodzinso anasiya ntchito zachipatala, nthawi imeneyi chifukwa cha ndale. Komabe, iye sankakhoza ngakhale akunde mu chisankho m'deralo, posachedwapa anasiya mfundo imeneyi. Mu 1906, pambuyo pa imfa ya mkazi wake adzakwatira kachiwiri, ndi kugwirizananso imam'tengera ana okha, komanso kudzoza kwa Mabaibulo ed ena nkhani za mutu wakuti "Sherlock Holmes": wolemba ntchito anatha kukwaniritsa yopanga "tepi motley", komanso "Brigadier Gerard" ndi "Rodni Stoun" (mu Zikatero, dzina linasinthidwa kukhala "Nyumba Terperli"). Mu nthawi yomweyo, izo imafalitsidwa "posakasaka wa Baskervilles" - buku za umodzi wa milandu wotchuka wa namatetule ofufuza.

Koma lingaliro la ngongole zoweta anali losagonjetseka, choncho n'zosadabwitsa kuti ndi mliri wa First World nkhondo, Sir Arthur Conan Doyle kamodzinso chibatizidwireni anthu odzipereka British Army.

m'zaka zaposachedwapa

Kubwerera ndi nkhondo yatsopano, woyambitsa "Sherlock Holmes" ndikupeza zamizimu. Zachilendo ndipo, ine ndisadambula, ndi osowa chiphunzitso kotero chidwi Doyle, kuti mu 1922 iye kamodzinso masamba Britain ndipo anapita ndi banja lake ku United States, omwe akufuna kuona Kukwezeleza mizimu. Pafupifupi zaka ziwiri anakhala pa msewu, kuyesera chidwi kuposa china chiwerengero cha anthu kunja ziphunzitso esoteric, koma mu makumi mochedwa, Arthur Conan Doyle akubwerera ku Europe. Mu 1929, iye amapita ku mayiko a ku Ulaya Northern, imene analemba m'buku lake lomaliza zosagwirizana kale anatha kumvutitsa iye Sherlock Holmes (woyambitsa ngakhale kamodzi anafuna kumupha, koma chifukwa chokakamizidwa ndi anthu anakakamizika kuukitsa khalidwe).

July 7, 1930 Sir Arthur Conan Doyle anafa. Iye anali ndi zaka 71.

akutsanza

Pochitika chotero bwino kuti zapadera fanizo la Sherlock Holmes kuli kovuta, kotero pa moyo wa Mlembi wake anayamba kuoneka kuti olemba Baibulo afotokoze masomphenya awo khalidwe lodabwitsa. Nkhani za tsogolo la anthu ofufuza analemba ndi mwana Artura Konana Doyle, ndi Franklin Roosevelt - mmodzi wa atsogoleri otchuka US.

Mu nineties zaka mazana makumi awiri pa dera la Soviet Union panali ambiri mabuku, "Sherlock Holmes" mndandanda wa olemba ena (A. Shaburina V. Petrina, M. Trushina Ine T. D.), akupangira kuti nkhani latsopano anazipeza sutukesi a Dr. Watson . Chiwerengero cha akutsanza namatetule Doyle kwenikweni chachikulu, ndipo mwina iliyonse buku la nkhani za namatetule ofufuza, pali chinachake chodabwitsa chidwi.